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Acetic acid bacteria (AAB) are versatile organisms that catalyze the conversion of a wide range of carbon sources into biomolecules of great industrial interest. In this study, we exploited the ability of Gluconobacter spp. to synthesize levans. Among the isolated strains, Gluconobacter cerinus UELBM11 produced approximately 14.0 g L-1 of levan under non-optimized conditions. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses confirmed that levan obtained from G. cerinus UELBM11 consisted of a β-(2→6)-D-fructose backbone with some β-(2→1) ramifications. The average molecular weight (Mw) of the purified levan was 8.78 × 105 Da. Thermogravimetric/differential thermogravimetric (TGA/DTG) analysis indicated high thermal stability, with the maximum decomposition rate observed at 227.44 °C. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a microporous morphology, and the antioxidant activity assays demonstrated that levan had a high scavenging capacity of 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and hydroxyl radicals. Therefore, it has been demonstrated the levan produced by G. cerinus UELBM11 is a promising natural antioxidant and, owing to its microporosity and excellent thermal properties and stability, is a potential candidate as an additive in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and food products.- Book : ()
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2025
ABSTRACTMitochondria play a fundamental role in energy metabolism, particularly in high‐energy‐demand tissues such as skeletal muscle. Understanding the proteomic composition of mitochondria in these cells is crucial for elucidating the mechanisms underlying muscle physiology and pathology. However, effective isolation of mitochondria from primary human skeletal muscle cells has been challenging due to the complex cellular architecture and the propensity for contamination with other organelles. Here, we compared four different methods to isolate mitochondria from primary human skeletal myoblasts regarding total protein yield, mitochondrial enrichment capacity and purity of the isolated fraction. We presented a modified method that combines differential centrifugation with a hypotonic swelling step and a subsequent purification process to minimise cellular contamination. We validated our method by demonstrating its ability to obtain highly pure mitochondrial fractions, as confirmed by Western Blot with mitochondrial, cytosolic and nuclear markers. We demonstrated that proteomic analysis can be performed with isolated mitochondria. Our approach provides a valuable tool for investigating mitochondrial dynamics, biogenesis and function in the context of skeletal muscle biology in health and disease. This methodological advancement opens new avenues for mitochondrial research and its implications in myopathies, sarcopenia, cachexia and metabolic disorders.- Book : 29(2)
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2025
Free-space laser communications offer a promising alternative for broadband data transmission in places where fiber optics are impractical. This technology, particularly effective at the 1.55 μm wavelength in the near infrared, also has potential applications in the medium-wave infrared (MWIR, 3–5 μm) and long-wave infrared (LWIR, 8–14 μm) ranges. MWIR and LWIR are superior for transmission through fog, clouds, and dust, with LWIR offering stealth advantages thanks to natural thermal radiation. In addition, mid-infrared wavelengths benefit from reduced atmospheric scattering and signal distortion, making them much more reliable for free-space optical communications. Quantum cascade devices such as lasers, modulators, and detectors operating in the MWIR and LWIR ranges are seen as high-potential candidates for data transmission under poor weather conditions or in degraded environments. This Perspective reviews advances in mid-infrared optoelectronics and their applications in high-speed data transmission and integrated photonic technologies, offering insights for researchers and engineers working in this field.- Book : 10(1)
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- Book : 6(1)
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2025
ABSTRACTBackgroundMultiple studies have demonstrated the intracranial efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) +/− chemotherapy. The efficacy of chemoimmunotherapy compared to ICI alone in patients with metastatic NSCLC and brain metastases (BM) remains unknown.MethodsA systematic review and network meta‐analysis were performed to evaluate ICI efficacy and the influence of additional chemotherapy on survival outcomes in treatment‐naïve metastatic NSCLC with BM. Randomized phase II/III studies with at least one treatment arm with an ICI were eligible. Overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) in patients with and without BM were assessed.ResultsTen studies were included, totaling 6560 patients, 770 with BM. Pairwise meta‐analysis revealed that patients with BM treated with ICI +/− chemotherapy had improved PFS (hazard ratio [HR] 0.49; 95% CI 0.40–0.60) and OS (HR 0.55; 95% CI 0.44–0.68) versus chemotherapy alone. Patients without BM treated with ICI +/− chemotherapy also had improved PFS and OS compared to chemotherapy alone. In the network meta‐analysis of patients with BM, chemoimmunotherapy demonstrated improved PFS compared to ICI alone (HR 0.64; 95% CI 0.43–0.96; p = 0.03). No significant difference was observed in OS. In the population of patients without BM, no significant differences in PFS or OS were observed between chemoimmunotherapy versus ICI alone.ConclusionThis meta‐analysis confirms that ICIs with or without chemotherapy are superior to chemotherapy alone for the first‐line management of metastatic NSCLC with and without BM. This network meta‐analysis suggests combination chemoimmunotherapy offers PFS benefit over ICI monotherapy in BM patients, warranting direct comparisons in clinical trials.Trial Registration: PROSPERO: CRD42024501345- Book : 16(2)
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