Abstract Background The autoimmune thyroid diseases consists of two main clinical presentations: Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. in the absence of classic triad of Graves’ disease including goiter, ophthalmopathy, and dermopathy, differentiating Graves’ disease from thyroiditis can be clinically difficult. Thyroid ultrasound with gray-scale and color Doppler are the most helpful imaging modalities to differentiate normal thyroid parenchyma from diffuse thyroid disease. Also, SWE is a promising non-invasive technique in assessment of gland stiffness. Methods We studied 48 patients with autoimmune thyroid disease consists of 47 females and 1 male along with 48 healthy control group, with a mean age 35.7 ± 9.2 years (20–53 years). All of our patients and control individual underwent conventional ultrasound, color Doppler, SWE examinations and the obtained results were correlated with clinical and laboratory findings. Results The results showed the good evaluating ability of gray-scale ultrasound (regarding echogenicity and total gland volume), Doppler examination (Superior and inferior thyroid arteries showed statistically significant higher peak systolic velocity and end diastolic velocity (PSV, EDV) in cases compared to controls with p values < 0.05) in the assessment of patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases as well as in the differentiation between chronic thyroiditis and Graves’ disease. Moreover, we found that applied shear wave elastography of the whole gland can also significantly predict autoimmune thyroiditis with sensitivity 81.3% and specificity 94%. Conclusion Gray-scale ultrasound, Doppler parameters as well as elastography had a significant diagnostic value in detection and evaluation of autoimmune thyroid diseases.

• Book : 56(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
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This study aimed to develop antibacterial hemp fabrics with good washing durability using a facile preparation method compatible with the current technologies of the textile industry. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized on hemp fabrics using silver nitrate as a precursor (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 g/L) and trisodium citrate as a reducing agent. The obtained spherical AgNPs had a mean diameter of 9.4 ± 3.1 nm. The treated fabrics were characterized for their morphological, thermal, tensile, antibacterial, and ultraviolet (UV)‐blocking properties. AgNPs imparted a yellowish‐brown color to the fabrics and enhanced their thermal stability by promoting char residue formation. However, the nanoparticles reduced the tensile strength compared to the untreated fabric. We observed durable antibacterial activity in samples showing > 90% bacterial reduction after 30 standardized washings. All AgNP‐treated samples exhibited excellent UV protection properties (UPF rating of 50+). Overall, our study successfully demonstrated a facile finishing of hemp fabrics for protection against bacteria and UV radiation.

• Book : 2025(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
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Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 (SATB2), as a nuclear matrix-associated protein and transcription factor engaged in chromatin remodeling and the regulation of gene expression, plays an important role in growth and development processes. SATB2 has been shown to have tissue-specific expression, also related to some cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this study was to compare SATB2 gene expression in tumor and matched non-involved colorectal tissues obtained from CRC patients, and to investigate its association with clinicopathological and demographic parameters, as well as patients’ overall survival. SATB2 mRNA levels in the tested tissues were assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, while SATB2 protein expression was determined by immunohistochemistry. We found that the average levels of both SATB2 mRNA and protein were significantly lower in tumor specimens than in matched non-involved colon tissues. Moreover, SATB2 immunoreactivity was associated with patients’ sex, tumor localization, and grade of differentiation. Lower immunoreactivity of SATB2 protein was noted in high-grade tumors, in women, and in tumors located in the cecum, ascending, and transverse colon. However, the results of the present study did not show an association between SATB2 expression levels and patients’ overall survival. Our findings indicate the involvement of impaired SATB2 expression, significantly reduced in high-grading tumors, in the pathogenesis of CRC, while its sex- and localization-specificity should be further elucidated.

• Book : 26(5)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.2374-2374
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Background: Neuropathic pain is a condition of complex nature arising from damage to or dysfunction of the sensory nervous system. Conventional treatment options (like antidepressants, anticonvulsants, and opioids) frequently have limited efficacy and substantial side effects. Thereat, increasing attention is being paid to botulinum toxin therapy (BTT) as a promising option for the treatment of neuropathic pain. Purpose: To develop the Ukrainian national consensus statement on the use of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) to treat neuropathic pain through the review of available literature, compilation of experience of Ukrainian specialists, and formulation of relevant practical recommendations. Methods: Our working group reviewed the current literature (including randomized clinical trials, systematic reviews and meta-analyses) and personal clinical observations related to the use of BoNT to treat painful neuropathic syndromes. Results: BoNT demonstrated high efficacy in the treatment of neuropathic pain, particularly in postherpetic neuralgia, painful diabetic neuropathy, trigeminal neuralgia, post-amputation pain, trauma sequelae, spinal cord injury and other conditions. Its major pain relief mechanisms include modulation of neuronal activity, blocking the release of pain neuromediators, and neuroplastic effects. The optimal dosage amount was found to vary from 50 to 300 units, depending on the affected area, with mostly subcutaneous or intradermal BoNT injections used. Conclusion: BTT is a safe promising treatment option for neuropathic pain and can be used either alone or in combination with other pain relief modalities. Our working group developed practical recommendations on BoNT indications, doses and injection techniques in painful neuropathic syndromes which can be implemented into clinical practice to improve patients’ quality of life.

• Book : 31()
• Pub. Date : 2025
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Abstract Precise diagnostic on the electron beam parameters is a very valuable tool and essential in the operation of synchrotron light sources. One possible option is to employ the emitted synchrotron radiation for non-destructive measurements. A tool, which has been used in many ring-based synchrotron light sources is Time-Correlated Single-Photon Counting (TCSPC). It allows to measure the arrival time distribution of the emitted photons and, by that, reveals the filling pattern, i.e., the charge distribution onto the electron bunches stored in the storage ring. At MAX IV, two TCSPC setups were installed and the analysis was extended to also allow for the measurement of the longitudinal profiles of the individual bunches. The analysis is available as a Tango device in the accelerator control system and continuously provides, for example, the bunch length of each bunch as well as the bunch profiles and phases. This improved the diagnostic capabilities significantly, for example, in the presence of Landau cavities, which are becoming increasingly more common in new fourth-generation synchrotron light sources.

• Book : 20(03)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.P03011-P03011
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AbstractAtomic‐level designed electrocatalysts, including single‐/dual‐atom catalysts, have attracted extensive interests due to their maximized atom utilization efficiency and increased activity. Herein, a new electrocatalyst system termed as “atomic symbiotic‐catalyst”, that marries the advantages of typical single‐/dual‐atom catalysts while addressing their respective weaknesses, was proposed. In atomic symbiotic‐catalyst, single‐atom MNx and local carbon defects formed under a specific thermodynamic condition, act synergistically to achieve high electrocatalytic activity and battery efficiency. This symbiotic‐catalyst shows greater structural precision and preparation accessibility than those of dual‐atom catalysts owing to its reduced complexity in chemical space. Meanwhile, it outperforms the intrinsic activities of conventional single‐atom catalysts due to multi‐active‐sites synergistic effect. As a proof‐of‐concept study, an atomic symbiotic‐catalyst comprising single‐atom MnN4 moieties and abundant sp3‐hybridized carbon defects was constructed for low‐temperature zinc‐air battery, which exhibited a high peak power density of 76 mW cm−2 with long‐term stability at −40 °C, representing a top‐level performance of such batteries.

• Book : ()
• Pub. Date : 2025
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ABSTRACTIn the present study, an interconnected photovoltaic‐thermal system and solar thermal collector with half‐tubes are presented as a new generation of solar systems to produce maximum thermal and electrical power. Performance comparison of the photovoltaic module, photovoltaic‐thermal system, solar thermal collector, and proposed system shows that the maximum power of 1336.27 W is generated by the proposed system. Also, the outlet fluid temperature increases by 28.03% and 20.88% compared to the photovoltaic‐thermal systems and solar thermal collectors, respectively, which indicates higher quality of the generated thermal power. To improve the system performance, fins with different heights are used inside the half‐tubes. The results indicated that the overall generated power increases using the fin by up to 2.93%. A parametric analysis using response surface method showed that among four parameters including flow rate, incident solar radiation, wind speed, and ambient temperature, the solar radiation and ambient temperature have the most and least impact on the system output, respectively. Also, using the response surface method, two models are provided to predict the electrical and thermal power generation of the system. Single‐objective and multi‐objective optimization of the system is also investigated using these models.

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• Pub. Date : 2025
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AbstractCurrent diagnostics for sepsis‐associated acute kidney injury (SA‐AKI) detect kidney damage only at advanced stages, limiting opportunities for timely intervention. A DNA origami‐based nanoplatform is developed for the early diagnosis and treatment of SA‐AKI. Modified with a fluorophore (Cy5) and quencher (BHQ3), the DNA origami remains nonfluorescent under normal conditions. During SA‐AKI, elevated microRNA‐21 triggers a strand displacement reaction that restores the fluorescence signal, enabling real‐time detection. Additionally, the photoacoustic changes of BHQ3, driven by different excretion rates of the nanostructure and released DNA strands, enable dual‐mode imaging, enhancing diagnostic accuracy. Therapeutically, DNA origami scavenges reactive oxygen species and, when conjugated with the antimicrobial peptide Leucine‐Leucine‐37 (LL‐37), exhibits bactericidal effects. This combination boosts survival rates by 80% in SA‐AKI models. This dual‐response nanoplatform integrates precise imaging and targeted therapy, offering a powerful strategy for SA‐AKI management and advancing applications of DNA origami in precision nanomedicine.

• Book : ()
• Pub. Date : 2025
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• Book : ()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.1-18
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Cells respond to adhesive ligands such as arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) through integrins, which regulates cellular activities via influencing cytoskeleton assembly. Herein, we report that the nanoscale distribution of active ligands on biomaterials regulates cells through not only cytoplasmic tension but also nuclear tension. This is particularly related to translocation of actin into nucleus and highlighted in our interpretation of an “abnormal” phenomenon that large RGD nanospacing (>70 nm) disassembles integrin clusters, inhibits cell adhesion, but promotes osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Our studies reveal that the unstable adhesion at the 150 nm RGD distance increases actin dynamics, resulting in the nuclear translocation of globular (G) actin. The compartment polymerization of more G-actins to filamentous actins in nucleus increases nuclear tension, facilitating transcription activity and releasing calcium ions from the endoplasmic reticulum. This noncanonical mechanotransduction process sheds insight into mechanotransduction pertinent to cell–material interactions.

• Book : 122(10)
• Pub. Date : 2025
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