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• Pub. Date : 2025
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• Pub. Date : 2025
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• Book : ()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.111853-111853
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Lycopene which is a carotenoid found in tomatoes and other red and orange fruits, has shown benefits in dermatology and photoprotection. It is a powerful antioxidant and has been proposed as a potential ingredient for sunscreen preparations designed to reduce UV-induced skin damage. The review will discuss the available data regarding the activity of lycopene in sunscreen formulations, mainly in relation to mechanism of action, performance. The photoprotective properties of lycopene depend on its free radical scavenger activity and capacity for neutralizing ROS, produced upon UV activation. ROS plays a key role in damage to structures within skin through DNA mutations, inflammation, photo-ageing, and enhanced risk for skin cancer. Lycopene has antioxidant properties and the capacity to absorb UV radiation in the UVA and UVB spectrum, making it an interesting ingredient in fortified sunscreens. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that lycopene can significantly reduce erythema, DNA damage, and oxidative stress after UV exposure, making it an interesting potential preventive agent against both acute sunburn and chronic, cumulative damage associated with long-term skin ageing. Lycopene remains a highly promising natural photoprotective agent; however, additional clinical studies and safety assessments must be undertaken to establish the best use of lycopene as a participant in the composition of sunscreen ingredients

• Book : ()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.618-626
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Background: Ultraviolet irradiation of the skin can activate the cytoplasmic aryl hydrocarbon receptor AhR, which, in combination with its nuclear translocator ARNT binds to the promoter of the FLG gene encoding filaggrin, a protective skin barrier protein. This suggests that the therapeutic effect of phototherapy may be due not only to the immunosuppressive effect, but also to stimulation of filaggrin production. Aims: to evaluate the effect of ultraviolet irradiation used for various phototherapy methods on the expression levels of the FLG, AHR and ARNT genes in the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis. Materials and methods: The expression levels of the FLG, AHR and ARNT genes were determined using real-time PCR. To define the severity of the disease, the SCORAD index was calculated. Results: 76 patients with atopic dermatitis were included in the study. 37 patients underwent narrow-band phototherapy; 39 – UFA1 therapy. Both methods of phototherapy were effective. After narrow-band phototherapy, the level of expression of the FLG, AHR and ARNT genes significantly increased. After UFA1 therapy, the expression of the AHR and ARNT genes increased, and no changes in the expression of the FLG gene were observed. Conclusions: Data have been obtained indicating that the therapeutic effect of narrow-band phototherapy in atopic dermatitis may be due to stimulation of the expression of the FLG gene in the skin. The revealed changes in the expression of the AHR and ARNT genes indicate the possible involvement of their protein products AhR and ARNT in the pathogenesis of the disease.

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• Pub. Date : 2025
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AbstractRechargeable batteries are central to modern energy storage systems, from portable electronics to electric vehicles. The cathode material, a critical component, largely dictates a battery's energy density, capacity, and overall performance. This review focuses on the application of operando X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) to study cathode materials in Li‐ion, Na‐ion, Li–S, and Na–S batteries. Operando XAS provides real‐time insights into the local electronic structure, oxidation states, and coordination environments, which are crucial for understanding complex electrochemical processes, such as redox reactions, phase transitions, and structural degradation. The review highlights the strengths of hard and soft XAS techniques in probing transition metal (TM) and anionic redox processes, particularly in layered oxide cathodes, where reversible oxygen redox and TM behavior are pivotal. The role of operando XAS is also explored in analyzing conversion‐type S‐based cathodes, where it helps unravel the intricate reaction mechanisms. Furthermore, the review addresses the challenges of in situ cell design for operando XAS, especially under ultrahigh vacuum conditions for soft XAS. By discussing recent advancements and future directions, this review underscores the critical role of operando XAS in driving innovation and improving the design and performance of next‐generation battery technologies.

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• Pub. Date : 2025
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• Book : ()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.1-8
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Abstract We present the double-virtual amplitudes contributing to the production of a Higgs boson in association with a $$ b\overline{b} $$ b b ¯ pair at the Large Hadron Collider. We perform the computation within the five-flavour scheme, which employs massless bottom quarks and finite bottom-Yukawa coupling, taking into account all the colour structures. We derive the analytic form of the helicity amplitudes through finite-field reconstruction techniques. The analytic expressions have been implemented in a public C++ library, and we demonstrate that evaluations are sufficiently stable and efficient for use in phenomenological studies.

• Book : 2025(3)
• Pub. Date : 2025
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Abstract Background The double uncrossed patellar tendon is a rare anatomical variant of the patellar tendon. This case report serves to underscore the importance of recognizing the double uncrossed patellar tendon variant, as it can mimic other knee pathologies, leading to potential misdiagnosis and unnecessary interventions. Case presentation We report three cases of the uncrossed double patellar tendon encountered on knee MRIs in the last 12 months. All three cases were confirmed to be incidental findings in patients with underlying knee complaints, for which they underwent conservative and interventional treatments and had near complete to complete recoveries. Conclusion The presence of the double patellar tendon did not have an identifiable detrimental effect in the cases of interest, but we believe more research is needed to further understand the clinical implications and prevalence of this anatomical anomaly to help in differentiating between congenital findings and acquired patellar tendon pathologies.

• Book : 56(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
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• Book : 1075()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.170370-170370
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