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2025
The polyol method, microemulsions, thermal decomposition, electrochemical synthesis, chemical vapor deposition, microwave irradiation, pulsed laser method, sonochemical reduction, and gamma radiation are just a few of the many techniques used in the synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). These methods apply to several kinds of nanoparticles, including metal, ceramic, lipid-based, carbon-based, and polymeric nanoparticles. Their characterisation heavily relies on analytical techniques including Energy Dispersive Analysis of X- Rays (EDAX), UV Spectroscopy, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The rapidly developing area of nanotechnology provides insight into the enormous benefits of nanoparticles that go beyond traditional thinking. Their integration cuts across several industries, including consumer products, food, healthcare, and medicine. The development and Synthesis of nanopesticides and nanofertilizers from cowdung and neem tree parts was done by utilizing principles from nanotechnology. Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using SEM & EDAX & Synthesis of nano particles was monitored using UV-Spectrophotometer. Also, Evaluation of the impact of synthesized nanoparticles on the germination process of tomato seeds was carried out & positive results were obtained. Hence using this as a model it was concluded that nanoparticles do have their potential applications in agriculture and beyond.- Book : 619()
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.04002-04002
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2025
CIZ1 is part of the RNA-dependent supramolecular assemblies that form around the inactive X-chromosome (Xi) in female cells and smaller assemblies throughout the nucleus in both sexes. Here, we show that CIZ1 C-terminal anchor domain (AD) is elevated in human breast tumor transcriptomes, even at stage I. Elevation correlates with deprotection of chromatin and upregulation of lncRNA-containing gene clusters in ∼10 Mb regions enriched in cancer-associated genes. We modeled the effect of AD on endogenous CIZ1–Xi assemblies and observed dominant-negative interference with their reformation after mitosis, leading to abnormal assemblies similar to those in breast cancer cells, and depletion of H2AK119ub1, H3K27me3, and Xist. Consistent alterations in gene expression were evident across the genome, showing that AD-mediated interference has a destabilizing effect, likely by unscheduled exposure of underlying chromatin to modifying enzymes. The data argue for a dominant, potent, and rapid effect of CIZ1 AD that can deprogram gene expression patterns and which may predispose incipient tumors to epigenetic instability.- Book : 224(5)
- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
ABSTRACTIntroductionChlorophyllin (CHL) effectively decreases the side effects of radiotherapy (RT) by scavenging radiation‐induced free radicals and reactive oxygen species in preclinical trials. This study aims to assess the efficacy of oral CHL for the treatment of brain radionecrosis in patients with diffuse glioma.MethodsThis is a phase 2 trial prospective, interventional study. Adults (> 18 years) with a histological diagnosis of diffuse glioma developing radionecrosis will be eligible for the study. Radionecrosis will be identified using standard imaging protocols with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with or without positron emission tomography (PET). Patients will be accrued in two strata: symptomatic (stratum A) and asymptomatic (stratum B). Chlorophyllin will be prescribed to all patients using a morning oral dose of 750 mg before breakfast for 3 months. In addition, participants in stratum A will be given a tapering dose of dexamethasone for 1 month, while stratum B will not be receiving any steroids. Imaging with an MRI brain protocol and PET scan will be planned at 1 month and MRI at 3 months after starting CHL. The primary endpoint is the clinical‐radiological response at 1 month. Secondary endpoints include response at 3 months, biological responses, survival analysis, and quality‐of‐life scores. The total sample size is 118 (60 and 58 in stratum A and B, respectively), with one interim analysis planned.DiscussionRadionecrosis leads to significant morbidity and is usually treated with corticosteroids, which can lead to several side effects from both acute and long‐term use. Refractory radionecrosis requires treatment with bevacizumab or surgical resection. Chlorophyllin is a cheap, safe, and readily available phytopharmaceutical drug, which is being investigated in the phase 2 study and, if proven effective, can be considered an alternative for treating radionecrosis.Trial Registration: Clinical Trial Registry India (CTRI): CTRI/2023/08/056166; ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT06016452- Book : 14(5)
- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
We present a study of magnetic transport and radiation properties during compression of a magnetized laboratory plasma. A theta pinch is used to produce a magnetized plasma column undergoing radial implosion, with plasma parameters comprehensively measured through diverse diagnostic techniques. High-resolution observations show the implosion progressing through three stages: compression, expansion, and recompression. An anomalous demagnetization phenomenon is observed during the first compression stage, wherein the magnetic field at the plasma center is depleted as the density increases. We reveal the demagnetization mechanism and formulate a straightforward criterion for determining its occurrence, through analysis based on extended-magnetohydrodynamics theory and a generalized Ohm’s law. Additionally, we quantitatively evaluate the radiation losses and magnetic field variations during the two compression stages, providing experimental evidence that magnetic transport can influence the radiation properties by altering the plasma hydrodynamics. Furthermore, extrapolated results using our findings reveal direct relevance to magnetized inertial confinement fusion, space, and astrophysical plasma scenarios.- Book : 10(3)
- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
Abstract
Characterizing quantum states of the electromagnetic field at microwave frequencies requires fast and sensitive detectors that can simultaneously probe the field’s time-dependent amplitude and its quantum fluctuations. So far, this has been achieved by using either homodyne detection or fast digitizers. Both methods rely on the extraction of microwave radiation through an amplification chain towards the detector placed at room temperature, thereby limiting the time resolution to the ~10-GHz bandwidth of the measurement chain. Additionally, the coupling of high-impedance samples to the 50-Ω measurement chain is very weak, setting strong limitations on the detection sensitivity. In this work, we demonstrate an on-chip quantum sensor that exploits the phase of a single-electron wavefunction, measured in an electronic Fabry–Pérot interferometer, to detect the amplitude of a classical time-dependent electric field. The interferometer is implemented in a GaAs/AlGaAs quantum Hall conductor. The time resolution, limited by the temporal width of the electronic wavepacket, is ~35 ps. The interferometry technique provides a voltage resolution of ~50 μV, corresponding to a few microwave photons. Importantly, our detector measures both phase and contrast of the interference pattern. The latter opens the way to the detection of non-classical electromagnetic fields, such as squeezed or Fock states.- Book : ()
- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
The paper presents the results of material testing for the purpose of obtaining radiator material – acomposite coating with neutron conversion material – for ionization chambers (IC) which contain the 6Li isotope and convert neutron radiation to a flux of high-energy charged particles through the 6Li(n, α)3H nuclear reaction. The proposed method for forming lithium-containing radiator material allows ensuring a high temperature resistance of up to 600 °C and a mechanical strength at the expense of adhesion to the IC electrode material (grade 321 steel). The advantages of a lithium-containing radiator, compared to a boron radiator, are explained by the smaller cross-section of the 6Li-neutron interaction: the smaller efficiency of the 'neutron → charged particle' conversion is made up for by a high power density and a prolonged free path of reaction products in the radiator material, which makes it possible to increase the surface density of 6Li atoms, while reducing the extent of 'burnup' in neutron fields. The IC electrode radiator material consists of a two-layer composite coating comprising an adhesive silicate layer and a functional neutron-sensitive lithium fluoride layer. Measurements at an alpha spectrometric facility have shown that the coating has a high energy output (~ 2.8·10–3 MeV/neutron), which remains stable after four thermal cycles of up to 600 °C. The coating is resistant to vibration when exposed to frequencies of 35 to 200 Hz. The paper presents the results of testing the IC mockup with a lithium-containing radiator material. When irradiated with a neutron flux of 6·103 cm–2·s–1, the IC mockup sensitivity value was about 10–15A·s·cm2/neutron, which agrees with the calculated value.- Book : 11(1)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.65-70
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2025
Industrial waste management is a growing concern, and the valorization of by-products through circular economy approaches represents a sustainable solution. In this context, dextran–grape conjugates (PLG–GRAPE) were obtained via a grafting reaction of grape pomace extract and dextran under aqueous conditions. To compare the properties of the polymeric graft with those of the free extract, total polyphenol content was assessed using the Folin–Ciocalteu assay, along with stability and diffusion studies. In addition, in vitro safety evaluations, including Neutral Red Uptake, h-CLAT, and skin irritation tests were performed to assess the biocompatibility. To evaluate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging properties of PLG–GRAPE, in vitro efficacy assays were performed on keratinocyte and fibroblast cell lines and full-thickness reconstructed human tissues exposed to damaging agents, such as UV radiation and pollutants. The results showed that the technology preserved the phenolic and antioxidant activity of the extract, while improving diffusion and stability properties. As demonstrated by the results of the in vitro studies, a favorable biocompatibility profile was observed, in addition to a significant capacity to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation in aged cells, thus, attenuating cellular aging and senescence. In conclusion, the study suggests that PLG–GRAPE has potential as a bioactive ingredient for cosmetic and dermatological applications, offering a sustainable and effective approach to utilizing industrial waste products.- Book : 15(6)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.3220-3220
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2025
ABSTRACTBackgroundIntraductal papillomas of the breast (IDPs) are typically small benign lesions characterized by pathologic discharge, a palpable mass, or an occult presentation. Giant IDPs (> 5 cm) are a rare entity. The few existing cases of giant IDPs describe grossly apparent exam findings and concerning features on imaging. While surgical excision is the standard of care for most IDPs, there is a scarcity of evidence to guide management of giant papillary tumors.CaseWe describe a case of a 64‐year‐old female presenting with pathologic nipple discharge and no discrete palpable breast mass who was routinely diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Imaging findings of mass calcifications and intraductal mass debris correlated with biopsy results, and the patient underwent central lumpectomy with oncoplastic reconstruction. At the time of surgery, the DCIS was incidentally found to be contained within a large solitary papilloma. The specimen pathology showed DCIS spanning a large area in a multifocal pattern that involved a 7 cm giant intraductal papilloma. Though margins were negative for malignancy, the benign papillary lesion was incompletely excised. A multidisciplinary review opted to pursue whole breast radiation therapy followed by adjuvant endocrine treatment over re‐excision.ConclusionThis unusual case highlights the potential for giant IDP to remain clinically occult in the background of known ductal carcinoma in situ and emphasizes the value of multidisciplinary care discussion and a patient‐centered approach to surgical decision making in the absence of existing guidelines.- Book : 8(3)
- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
Double- and single-differential cross sections for inclusive charged-current νμ-nucleus scattering are reported for the kinematic domain 0 to 2 GeV/c in three-momentum transfer and 0 to 2 GeV in available energy, at a mean νμ energy of 1.86 GeV. The measurements are based on an estimated 995,760 νμ charged-current (CC) interactions in the scintillator medium of the NOvA Near Detector. The subdomain populated by 2-particle-2-hole (2p2h) reactions is identified by the cross section excess relative to predictions for νμ-nucleus scattering that are constrained by a data control sample. Models for 2-particle-2-hole processes are rated by χ2 comparisons of the predicted-versus-measured νμ CC inclusive cross section over the full phase space and in the restricted subdomain. Shortfalls are observed in neutrino generator predictions obtained using the theory-based València and SuSAv2 2p2h models.
Published by the American Physical Society
2025
- Book : 111(5)
- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
Invasive species are organisms that enter an ecosystem as a result of anthropological activities. These species compete with native species in the environment where they settle, threatening the ecological structure and changing biodiversity. Grateloupia turuturu, known as an invasive species, was reported for the first time in May 2015 from the coast of Bandırma in Turkey and it was determined that it is now distributed in Erdek and Mudanya coasts. In general, invasive species are known to have a wide tolerance to ecological variables. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the physiological effects of UVR on G. turuturu species and to investigate the responses of G. turuturu species to UVR. For this purpose, G. turuturu samples were cultured in 3 different light regimes (photosynthetically active radiation, UVA and UVB) and their physiological responses were investigated. The data obtained showed that the photosynthetic activity and nitrate reductase enzyme activities of the samples exposed to UVR increased, whereas the accessory pigment content did not change. In conclusion, G. turuturu is able to utilize UVA energy as light sources in photosynthesis and is tolerant but not sensitive to UVR. Therefore, it is thought that G. turuturu may be advantageous in competition with local species.- Book : 8(2)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.120-129
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