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2025
To further improve the understanding of the patterns and mechanisms of total ionizing dose (TID) radiation damage in carbon nanotube field-effect transistor (CNTFET), this study investigates the total dose effects of 10 keV X-ray irradiation on N-type and P-type CNTFETs. The irradiation dose rate was 200 rad(Si)/s, with cumulative doses of 100 krad(Si) for N-type devices and 90 krad(Si) for P-type devices. This paper explores the differences in TID effects between N-type and P-type CNTFETs under floating gate bias and on-state bias conditions, as well as the impact of irradiation on the hysteresis characteristics of N-type CNTFETs and the influence of channel sizes on the TID effects of N-type CNTFETs.The results indicate that both types of transistors exhibit threshold voltage shift, transconductance degradation, an increase in subthreshold swing, and a decrease in saturation current after irradiation. During the irradiation process, N-type devices under floating gate bias suffered more severe damage than those under on-state bias, while P-type devices under on-state bias experienced more significant damage than those under floating gate bias. The hysteresis width of N-type devices decreased after irradiation, and the TID damage became more severe with increasing channel dimensions.The primary cause of device parameter degradation is the trap charges generated during irradiation. The gate bias applied during irradiation affects the capture of electrons or holes by traps in the gate dielectric, resulting in different radiation damage characteristics for different types of devices. The reduction in the hysteresis width of N-type devices after irradiation may be attributed to the negatively charged trap charges generated during irradiation, which hinder the capture of electrons by water molecules, OH groups, and traps in the gate dielectric. Moreover, the channel dimensions of the transistors also influence their radiation response: larger channel dimensions result in more trap charges being generated in the gate dielectric and at the interface during irradiation, leading to more severe transistor damage.- Book : 74(5)
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2025
COG is a high fidelity, multi-particle, Monte Carlo radiation transport code in development at LLNL since 1980 in support of multiple applications including nuclear criticality safety, radiation shielding, radiography, and subcritical multiplicity analysis. COG 11.3 is the latest version scheduled for public release in 2024 representing the culmination of ten years of development since previous releases. This paper describes the major new features available in COG 11.3 including: (a) updated nuclear data libraries; (b) updated activation data; (c) advanced LLNL Fission Reaction Event Yield Algorithm; (d) new time-tagged list-mode detector feature; (e) new spontaneous fission source feature; (f) new alpha and deuteron particle transport; (g) updated electron transport (implementing EGS5 with internal electron library generation using PEGS5); (h) three new estimators for the effective delayed neutron fraction; (i) new input pre-processor options for user-friendly generation of three-dimensional rectangular and triangular lattice geometries; (j) new parallel-processing capabilities for the inverse reactor period and CritDetVR features using MPI; (k) a new imaging detector feature; and (l) details of the modernized COG website at https://cog.llnl.gov. Like previously released versions, COG11.3 will be available to users through RSICC at ORNL, the Nuclear Energy Agency Data Bank at OECD, and by special arrangement through LLNL.- Book : 11()
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2025
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2025
Objective: Pleural metastasis (PM) is rare in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). Radioiodine (131I) therapy has been the main treatment for postoperative metastasis and recurrence of DTC. However, clinical data on PM from DTC are limited. This study investigated the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with PM from DTC that was treated surgically and with 131I therapy and evaluated their long-term prognosis and prognostic factors.
Methods: Review of the Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital medical records for 2010–2023 identified PM in 27 of 14,473 patients with DTC. Overall survival (OS) was assessed by the Kaplan–Meier method.
Results: The prevalence of PM in DTC was 1.87‰ (27/14,473). The median age at the time of initial diagnosis of PM was 59 years (range 34–79). At the end of follow-up, eight patients (29.63%) had disease progression (PD), four (14.81%) had partial response (PR), and the remainder had stable disease (SD); no patient achieved complete response (CR). Twelve patients (44.44%) died and 15 (55.56%) survived. Thirteen patients (48.15%) did not show 131I avidity, and 16 (59.26%) had radioiodine-refractory DTC (RR-DTC). Twenty patients (74.07%) had malignant pleural effusion (MPE), which was large in 11 cases (40.74%), moderate in two. More than moderate MPE (P=0.031), lack of 131I avidity (P=0.041), and RR-DTC (P=0.030) were significantly associated with worse 5-year OS in patients with PM of DTC.
Conclusions: PM is rare in DTC. Lack of 131I avidity, RR-DTC, and more than moderate MPE are associated with a poor OS in patients with DTC and PM.- Book : ()
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- Book : 42()
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