ABSTRACT

As indolent non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas (iNHLs) are very radiosensitive, radiation treatment (RT) has been established as an essential curative and palliative modality for early and advanced stages of the disease. Several studies have explored the role of very low‐dose RT for palliation in indolent non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas, demonstrating that this approach can lead to high rates of local control, and thereby, help improve the quality of life for these patients. While the most common schedule of very low‐dose RT used in the palliative setting is 4Gy in 2 fractions, which was established in the landmark FoRT trial, this requires patients to be available for two RT sessions, increasing the financial and opportunity costs for the patient. Currently, data regarding the use of a single fraction of very low‐dose RT (4Gy) for treating iNHLs in the palliative setting is still lacking. In this viewpoint, we aim to draw attention to this approach, where we emphasize the need for further exploration of the single‐dose fractionation schedule as a non‐toxic, simple, and easy treatment approach for iNHLs, which would inform future clinical trials to investigate this dose/fractionation.

• Book : 43(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.e70015
• Keyword :

• Book : 22()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.1-5
• Keyword :

The manipulation of particles by acoustic radiation force (ARF) has the advantages of non-invasiveness, high biocompatibility, and wide applicability. The study of acoustic radiation force is an important foundation for improving the accuracy and effectiveness of particle manipulation technology. Based on the acoustic wave theory, a theoretical model for the ARF of a free spherical particle in a bounded viscous fluid is established. The ARF for the case of a normal incident plane wave is derived by applying the translation addition theorem for spherical function. The dynamic equation of the free sphere is required as a correction term for calculating the ARF. The effects of the fluid viscosity, particle material, particle distance from boundary, and the boundary on the ARF are analyzed by numerical simulation. The results show that the resonance peak of the ARF curve is broadened with increase of the viscosity of the fluid. Comparing the values of the ARFs of a PE sphere in a viscous and an ideal fluid, it is found that the influence of fluid viscosity is small and the viscosity effect can be ignored when kR is much less than 1; However, for cases where kR is greater than or equal to 1, the amplitude of the ARF experienced by a particle in a viscous fluid is much greater than that in an ideal fluid. The influence of fluid viscosity on the ARF is significant and cannot be ignored. Moreover, compared to a liquid material sphere, the oscillation of ARF in an elastic material sphere is more pronounced. This is because the momentum transfer between sound waves and elastic materials is greater than that between sound waves and liquid materials. In addition, the amplitude of the ARF increases as increasing the reflection coefficient of the impedance boundary, but its resonance frequency is not affected. Finally, the position of the sphere mainly affects the oscillation phenomenon of its ARF. The peaks and dips of the ARF become more densely packed with the growth of distance-to-radius. It is worth noting that the reflection coefficient mainly affects the amplitude of the ARF, while the position of the sphere affects the period of the ARF function. The results indicate that more efficient manipulation of particles can be achieved through appropriate parameter selection. This study provides a theoretical basis for the acoustic manipulation of a free particle in a bounded viscous fluid and contributes to the better utilization of ARF for particle manipulation in biomedical and other fields.

• Book : 74(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.0
• Keyword :

• Book : 36()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.e20
• Keyword :

• Book : 541(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.128684
• Keyword :

Nanoparticles (NPs) have revolutionized the field of skin protection and treatment by offering unique properties that enhance drug delivery, efficacy and safety. This review explores the advances in NP technology for various skin applications, including protection against ultraviolet (UV) radiation, treatment of skin diseases and enhancement of cosmetic products. NPs, such as zinc oxide and titanium dioxide, are extensively used in sunscreens for their effective UV-blocking capabilities without leaving a white residue. In medical applications, NPs improve active ingredients’ stability, penetration, and controlled release, making them ideal for treating skin conditions like psoriasis, eczema and skin cancer. The review also highlights the role of NPs in cosmetic formulations, where they enhance product texture, stability, and bioavailability of active ingredients, leading to better skin hydration and antiaging effects. Despite their benefits, the potential risks and regulatory challenges associated with NP use in skin products are discussed, emphasizing the need for comprehensive safety evaluations and adherence to regulatory standards. Future research directions include optimizing NP formulations for targeted delivery, reducing systemic absorption and improving patient compliance. This review underscores the transformative potential of NPs in dermatology and skincare, advocating for balanced development to maximize benefits while ensuring safety.

• Book : 15(2)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.2430004
• Keyword :

Abstract

A system combining the ventilated concrete floor (VCF) with solar air collector (SAC) in buildings has been applied in the western Sichuan Plateau for nighttime heating. However, the dynamic model coupled with uneven solar radiation of SAC-VCF is absent, thus the thermal behavior of the system is difficult to predict in practice. In this research, a coupled model is built to predict the thermal characteristics of the room with the SAC-VCF system under uneven solar radiation. The calculation model of VCF considers the uneven distribution of solar radiation on the floor surface, established by combining the resistance-capacitance (RC) network model and the number of transfer unit (NTU) model using the discrete method and validated by experimental data. A 3R2C model is utilized to model envelopes, validated by simulation results. The calculation error of surface temperature and room air temperature is within 5%. Then a case study is conducted with the validated model to predict the thermal performance of the SAC-VCF system with even and uneven solar radiation. Results indicate that under uneven solar radiation, the local surface temperature significantly increases to 35.1 °C, 9.1 °C higher than even solar radiation. Meanwhile, under uneven solar radiation, the heat transfer of supply air and surface of VCF is increased by 14% and 6%, respectively. Besides, the room air temperature is almost equal of two cases, while the operative temperature is 0.4 °C lower under uneven solar radiation. The model is beneficial to further study the influencing factors of this system.

• Book : 147(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.011010
• Keyword :

• Book : 210()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.110875
• Keyword :

• Book : 210()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.110890
• Keyword :

• Book : 210()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.110854
• Keyword :