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The Meat ingredients are a valuable part of the human diet as the meat contains essential elements such as meat protein,
meat vitamins, and meat minerals. The meat ingredients products types are vulnerable to the microbial meat ingredients
pathogens and the meat ingredients spoilage, posing significant risks to the public health and the social meat ingredients
quality and safety. The Ionizing radiation method is used in the irradiated meat ingredients to maintain the meat ingredients
safety and meat ingredients quality of the consumed meat ingredients products types specifically the beef meat ingredients.
During recent decades, the irradiation method of the meat ingredients products reduces the microbial meat contamination
and extends the storage period of the meat ingredients. The procedure entails exposing the meat ingredients products types
to a regulated amount of the ionizing radiation method, mostly accomplished by applying the gamma rays method, the
electron beams method, or the X rays method.. The radiation causes disrupts the DNA and other cellular components of the
microbes contaminating the meat ingredients, making the microbes unable to reproduce and causing death of the microbial
contamination. The procedure causes breaks down some of the molecules of the meat ingredients which can affect the meat
nutritional quality and meat ingredients sensory characters.- Book : 10(1)
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AbstractWomen now comprise over 50% of medical school graduates and over one‐third of practicing physicians in the United States. Despite this progress, significant barriers to career advancement and leadership persist, particularly in male‐dominated fields like urology and oncology. Women physicians are linked to improved patient outcomes and are critical to addressing the projected physician shortage, which is expected to be exaggerated in oncology specialties. This review highlights progress, challenges, and future directions for gender equity in urology, urologic oncology, and oncology subspecialties. Urology and urologic oncology have seen growth in female representation, whereas radiation oncology remains stagnant, and medical oncology has reached near gender parity among trainees. However, leadership roles across all these fields continue to reflect gender inequities. Key barriers include the gender pay gap, insufficient maternal leave policies, workplace harassment, and lack of mentorship and sponsorship for women physicians. Moving forward, efforts to advance gender equity must include transparent pay structures, supportive maternal leave, and robust antiharassment policies. Promoting women in leadership and fostering mentorship are also essential to retaining and advancing women in these fields. By addressing these issues, the health care community can progress toward gender equity, strengthen the physician workforce, and improve patient outcomes. Institutional and national advocacy is crucial for creating an equitable and effective medical community.- Book : 131(1)
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ABSTRACTBackgroundSeveral studies have explored the advantage of treatment with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) for upper extremity lymphedema in irradiated breast cancer patients and reported controversial results. This prospective case series aimed to document the short‐ and long‐term efficacy of this therapy, focusing on the arm volume and functional assessment in breast cancer patients with a history of long‐standing lymphedema for more than 2 years.CaseSix breast cancer patients with long‐standing lymphedema were enrolled. All of them received breast surgery and dissection of axillary lymph nodes, chemotherapy, and postoperative radiotherapy. The average duration from the onset of lymphedema to HBO treatment was 9 ± 5.92 years (range 2–17). All patients were treated for 90 min in the HBO chamber with 100% oxygen at a higher pressure of two times the atmospheric pressure, five times a week for 30 sessions. We measured the circumference of both arms and calculated the arm volume before treatment (baseline), after 30 sessions of treatment, and after treatment at 3, 6, and 24 months. Functional assessment focused on the ability of the arm, shoulder, and hand using the Thai Quick‐DASH questionnaires, which were assessed by the patients at the same periods. The change of arm volume and Thai Quick‐DASH score at each time point were compared to the starting point data before HBO.ConclusionThe change of arm volume and mean Quick‐DASH score had decreased at 3, 6, and 24 months after treatment compared to the starting point before HBO, However, these changes were not statistically significant.- Book : 8(1)
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Hyperpolarized-13C magnetic resonance imaging (HP-13C MRI) was used to image changes in 13C-lactate signal during a visual stimulus condition in comparison to an eyes-closed control condition. Whole-brain 13C-pyruvate, 13C-lactate and 13C-bicarbonate production was imaged in healthy volunteers (N = 6, ages 24–33) for the two conditions using two separate hyperpolarized 13C-pyruvate injections. BOLD-fMRI scans were used to delineate regions of functional activation. 13C-metabolite signal was normalized by 13C-metabolite signal from the brainstem and the percentage change in 13C-metabolite signal conditions was calculated. A one-way Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed a significant increase in 13C-lactate in regions of activation when compared to the remainder of the brain ([Formula: see text]). No significant increase was observed in 13C-pyruvate signal ([Formula: see text]) or 13C-bicarbonate signal ([Formula: see text]). The results show an increase in 13C-lactate production in activated regions that is measurable with HP-13C MRI. - Book : ()
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