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2025
This study analyzes the technology for creating polymer composite materials reinforced with glass fiber. Particular attention is given to their applications in the aerospace industry, where stringent requirements for strength, corrosion resistance, and specific strength render these materials indispensable. The main components of composite materials and their properties are examined. Phenol-formaldehyde resins, widely utilized as a matrix for fiberglass plastics in rocket and space engineering, are studied in detail. The thermomechanical resistance of composites, a critical factor determining their performance under extreme conditions, is highlighted. A significant part of the study focuses on the production and curing processes of composite materials. Various curing methods are analyzed, with a focus on the effectiveness of infrared radiation. The findings establish that infrared heating significantly enhances the physical and mechanical properties of composites while reducing production time.- Book : (1)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.94-102
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2025
- Book : 111(4)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page :
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2025
Introduction
Infective endocarditis (IE) is a severe condition of endocardium, which can manifest through a wide spectrum of unspecific symptoms related to various organ systems. The diagnosis is made on the basis of the presence of bacteraemia and imaging findings confirming IE visualized in echocardiography, computer tomography and nuclear imaging. Anatomical changes or foci of altered metabolism can be located on the valves, in the perivalvular area or in the area of foreign material (e. g. valves prosthesis or implantable device). Not only the diagnostic process can be challenging, but also the treatment, which consists of antibiotic therapy and cardiac surgery. The indications for surgical treatment depend on patients’ clinical condition, which can change dynamically. Multidisciplinary approach is required to the proper care of the patients.
Aim of the study
The aim of the study is to review the current knowledge of infective endocarditis and the timing indications of cardiac surgery treatment.
Material and methods
This article presents the current knowledge of the diagnosis and treatment in infective endocarditis, especially on the basis of the guidelines of European Society of Cardiology. Literature analysis, especially papers, which contain recent report in infective endocarditis treatment were analysed using the PubMed platform. The search included the keywords: “infective endocarditis”, ,‚surgery treatment of infective endocarditis”, “endocarditis team”, “CIED- related infective endocarditis”.- Book : 38()
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.58151-58151
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2025
- Book : ()
- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
Molybdenum has gained attention as a promising biomedical material due to its excellent mechanical properties and inherent antimicrobial activity. However, challenges remain in developing facile fabrication methods and further enhancing its antimicrobial efficacy. This study pioneers the investigation of biofilm inhibition by laser-treated molybdenum sheets against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC27853) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25923). The experimental results demonstrate that nanosecond-pulsed laser processing significantly suppresses biofilm formation, reducing the minimum optical density (OD) values by 25.3% and 64.9% for the two bacterial strains, respectively. The laser treatment modifies the surface morphology of molybdenum by eliminating defects, reducing the effective contact area, and lowering hydrophobicity. Additionally, localized laser heating induces the formation of MoO3 on the surface, which reacts with water to generate molybdic acid—a key contributor to antibacterial activity. These findings highlight nanosecond-pulsed laser processing as a cost-effective, scalable surface-modification strategy for medical-grade molybdenum. This approach holds significant potential for broadening the antimicrobial applications of molybdenum-based biomedical devices and implants.- Book : 15(4)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.269-269
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2025
The equations of perfect spin hydrodynamics are solved for the first time using a realistic (3+1)-dimensional hydrodynamic background, calibrated to reproduce a comprehensive set of hadronic observables, including rapidity distributions, transverse momentum spectra, and elliptic flow coefficients for Au+Au collisions at the beam energy of sNN=200GeV. The spin dynamics is governed by the conservation of the spin tensor, describing spin-1/2 particles, with particle mass in the spin tensor treated as an effective parameter. We investigate several scenarios, varying both the effective mass and the initial evolution time for the spin polarization tensor. The model predictions are then compared with experimental measurements of global and longitudinal spin polarization of Λ hyperons. Our results indicate that a successful description of the data requires a delayed initial evolution time for the perfect spin hydrodynamics of about 4fm/c (in contrast to the standard initial time of 1fm/c used for the hydrodynamic background). This delay marks a transition from the phase where spin-orbit interaction is significant to the regime where spin-conserving processes dominate. Our findings suggest that the spin-orbit dissipative interaction plays a significant role only in the very early stages of the system's evolution.
Published by the American Physical Society
2025
- Book : 111(2)
- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
- Book : ()
- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
Issues related to increasing the number of material recognition classes in cargo inspection by the X-ray dual high-energy method through introducing a class of heavy organic materials that include basic explosives are considered. A mathematical model of material recognition by the dual-energy method based on the parameters of level lines and effective atomic numbers has been proposed. Estimates of the parameters of the level lines and effective atomic numbers of explosives and their physical counterparts for monoenergetic and classical high-energy implementations of the dual-energy method were made. The use of a simulation model to demonstrate the ability to detect and correctly identify explosives and their physical counterparts using the dual high-energy method is illustrated. An algorithmic methodological approach is proposed to improve the accuracy of effective atomic number estimation. It has been demonstrated theoretically and by simulation that it is possible to distinguish materials in cargo inspection from the following classes of materials: light organics (typical representative—polyethylene); heavy organics (explosives), light minerals and heavy plastics (fluoropolymers); light metals (aluminum, Z = 13), heavy minerals (calcium oxide, Z = 19); metals (iron, Z = 26); heavy metals (tin, Z = 50); and radiation insensitive metals (Z > 57).- Book : 13(2)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.41-41
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2025
Abstract
Unimodular gravity (UG) is classically considered identical to General Relativity (GR). However, due to restricted diffeomorphism symmetry, the Bianchi identites do not lead to the conservation of energy-momentum tensor. Thus, the conservation of energy-momentum tensor needs to be separately assumed in order to reconcile with GR. Relaxing this assumption, one finds that the conservation violation can lead to differences with GR, which can be subsequently examined in astrophysical and cosmological scenarios. To this end, we examine the predictions of UG in the context of binary systems emitting gravitational radiation. Primarily, we show how the field equations involve a diffusion function which quantifies the measure of non-conservation. Due to this violation, the dispersion relation is modified. Incorporating these changes, we provide an expression for the energy loss by the binaries, which reduces to Peters-Mathews result in the GR limit. Using binary pulsar data, we constrain the theory parameter ζ (which signifies non-conservation) by determining the rate of orbital decay. The strongest constrain on ζ comes out to be |ζ|≤ 5× 10-4 which is better by an order of magnitude than an existing equivalent constraint coming from the tidal deformability of the neutron stars.- Book : 2025(02)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.027-027
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2025
Biological activities, including cell viability, oxidative stress, genotoxicity/antigenotoxicity, and antimicrobial activity, were evaluated for a visible-light-responsive TiO2-based ICT complex with dihydroquercetin (DHQ) and compared with pristine TiO2, its inorganic component. Pristine TiO2 did not induce cytotoxicity in MRC-5 or HeLa cells within the tested concentration range (1–20 mg/mL), while TiO2/DHQ displayed a significant reduction in cell viability in both cell lines at higher concentrations (≥10 mg/mL). The analysis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production revealed that TiO2/DHQ significantly reduced ROS levels in both cell types (MRC-5 and HeLa), with HeLa cells showing a more substantial reduction at lower concentrations. Genotoxicity assessment using the comet assay demonstrated that TiO2 induced DNA damage in MRC-5 cells, while TiO2/DHQ did not, indicating that DHQ mitigates the genotoxic potential of TiO2. Furthermore, TiO2/DHQ exhibited antigenotoxic effects by reducing H2O2-induced DNA damage in MRC-5 cells, supporting its protective role against oxidative stress. Preliminary antimicrobial tests revealed that TiO2/DHQ exhibits antimicrobial activity against E. coli under visible-light excitation, while TiO2 does not. These findings suggest that the TiO2-based ICT complex with DHQ with enhanced antioxidant properties can potentially serve as a safe, non-toxic biocide agent.- Book : 26(4)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.1475-1475
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