The ab-initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulation method is used to compute the threshold displacement energies (Ed) of the Ti atom and the C atom in TiC. The Ed is calculated along the three high symmetric crystallographic directions, namely, [100], [110], and [111] and the weighted average of Ed is found to be 33 eV and 32 eV for Ti and C sublattice, respectively. The effect of small deviations from the high symmetry directions is also studied and the weighted average value of Ed along the 2◦ off-symmetric directions is found to be 35 eV for both the Ti atom and the C atom. Furthermore, the values of Ed are calculated in the presence of vacancies in C sites, which are often encountered in TiCx. In this case, small increases in the magnitude of weighted average values of Ed are observed, and these are found to be 39 eV and 34 eV for Ti and C, respectively. Anti-site defects are formed in all cases of Ti primary knock-on atom (PKA), however, no anti-site defect is formed along the high symmetry direction for C PKA. The calculated Ed values are explained by the structural and chemical properties of TiC. The projected values of Ed would be valuable parameters for modeling irradiation damage in TiC.

• Book : 57(4)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.3-30
• Keyword :

Introduction: Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory condition primarily affecting the central facial areas and eyes, with subtypes including erythematotelangiectatic, papulopustular, phymatous, and ocular rosacea. While not life-threatening, rosacea significantly impacts quality of life, contributing to psychological distress. Materials and methods: This article reviews the pathogenesis and treatment of rosacea, incorporating data from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science using keywords such as “rosacea,” “Demodex,” “topical treatment,” and “pathogenesis.”  Summary: Rosacea is driven by multifactorial mechanisms, including neurovascular hyperreactivity, immune system dysregulation, sebaceous gland dysfunction, microbial imbalances, and genetic predisposition. Triggers like UV radiation, stress, and certain foods exacerbate symptoms by activating pathways such as transient receptor potential (TRP) channels and inflammatory mediators like IL-6 and TNF-α. Effective treatments focus on symptom management and include topical agents like ivermectin, metronidazole, azelaic acid, calcineurin inhibitors, retinoids, alpha-adrenergic receptor agonists and sodium sulfacetamide. These therapies target inflammation, erythema, and microbial factors, with clinical trials demonstrating improvements in erythema, papules, and pustules. Conclusions: While current treatments offer significant relief, the article emphasizes the importance of further research into the underlying mechanisms to develop more advanced therapeutic options.

• Book : 39()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.58360-58360
• Keyword :

The rapid development of fifth-generation (5G) networks necessitates high-performance antennas with optimized radiation characteristics. This study investigates the effect of the FR4 substrate on the performance of an elliptical patch antenna designed for 5G applications. Using MATLAB, key antenna parameters, including return loss, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), impedance matching, directivity, and gain, were analyzed. The results indicate that the elliptical antenna with FR4 substrate operates optimally at 3.57 GHz, achieving a bandwidth of 0.24 GHz at -5 dB. The VSWR value at 3.5 GHz was found to be 1.623, confirming good impedance matching. The estimated impedance for FR4 was 90 Ω, ensuring efficient power transfer. Directivity measurements yielded values of -0.9 dB and 4.1 dB along the azimuth and elevation planes, respectively. These findings highlight FR4’s suitability for cost-effective 5G antenna designs, offering a balance between performance and affordability. This study provides valuable insights into substrate selection for optimal antenna efficiency in 5G communication systems.

• Book : 11(2)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.423-431
• Keyword :

Abstract In this article, we investigate parton energy loss in cold nuclear matter by studying the ratio of Drell–Yan production cross sections in fixed-target proton-nucleus (p + A) collisions. We analyze Drell–Yan production cross-section data from the Fermilab E866 and E906 experiments using two different quark energy loss parametrization models and various parton distribution functions for 800 and 120 GeV proton beams incident on light and heavy nuclear targets. The sensitivity of the energy loss parameter on the employed parton distribution function has been thoroughly investigated. Our results have been used to predict the target mass dependence of Drell–Yan production in upcoming proton-induced collisions at SPS and FAIR.

• Book : 85(3)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page :
• Keyword :

Abstract Mergers of binary neutron stars emit signals in both the gravitational-wave (GW) and electromagnetic spectra. Famously, the 2017 multi-messenger observation of GW170817 (refs. 1,2) led to scientific discoveries across cosmology3, nuclear physics4–6 and gravity7. Central to these results were the sky localization and distance obtained from the GW data, which, in the case of GW170817, helped to identify the associated electromagnetic transient, AT 2017gfo (ref. 8), 11 h after the GW signal. Fast analysis of GW data is critical for directing time-sensitive electromagnetic observations. However, owing to challenges arising from the length and complexity of signals, it is often necessary to make approximations that sacrifice accuracy. Here we present a machine-learning framework that performs complete binary neutron star inference in just 1 s without making any such approximations. Our approach enhances multi-messenger observations by providing: (1) accurate localization even before the merger; (2) improved localization precision by around 30% compared to approximate low-latency methods; and (3) detailed information on luminosity distance, inclination and masses, which can be used to prioritize expensive telescope time. Additionally, the flexibility and reduced cost of our method open new opportunities for equation-of-state studies. Finally, we demonstrate that our method scales to long signals, up to an hour in length, thus serving as a blueprint for data analysis for next-generation ground- and space-based detectors.

• Book : 639(8053)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.49-53
• Keyword :

RhoA is a major regulator of the actin cytoskeleton. Its function in the nucleus, however, is unclear. Fusing wildtype, fast cycling, constitutively active, and dominant negative forms of RhoA with tags promoting nuclear or cytoplasmic location and allowing specific detection, we established a platform to distinguish the functions of nuclear and cytoplasmic RhoA. Our data show that nuclear but not cytoplasmic activation of RhoA regulates DNA amount and nuclear size. This is mediated by sequential nuclear activation of the RhoA effector ROCK and Erk, a major cell cycle regulating kinase. The inhibition of ROCK or Erk activation in untransfected cells reduced DNA amounts to a similar extent, suggesting that endogenous activation levels of nuclear RhoA-ROCK-Erk signaling are sufficient for regulation. We reveal, furthermore, that GDP-bound, but not activated RhoA, translocates to the nucleus, indicating relatively separated cytoplasmic and nuclear RhoA signaling. Moreover, even the massive nuclear activation of RhoA does not cause an obvious increase in nuclear F-actin, indicating that RhoA activation is not critical for nuclear F-actin formation.

• Book : 14(6)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.404-404
• Keyword :

Abstract We explore the impact of the nuclear symmetry energy slope on the equation of state (EoS) for dense matter, considering exotic matter with △ admixture in neutron stars. This investigation extends to its repercussions on observable properties of neutron stars, including mass-radius relationships and tidal responses. The EoS is formulated using the framework of covariant density functional theory. This formulation integrates density-dependent coupling schemes and accommodates the existence of non-nucleonic degrees of freedom in heavier systems. The adjustment of the symmetry energy parameter slope is determined by considering the density-dependent behavior of isovector meson coupling to baryons. Additionally, considering the substantial surface magnetic fields of compact stars, we examine the influence of strong magnetic fields on exotic matter. It is observed that strong magnetic fields impact (anti)kaons, causing a delay in their appearance and ultimately resulting in a stiffening of the EoS.

• Book : 2957(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.012021-012021
• Keyword :

AbstractThere is a global shortage of obstetricians and gynecologists (OB/GYN), raising concerns about patient care and workforce sustainability. Germany faces a particularly acute shortage, exacerbated by the impending retirement of many senior consultants. This study explores the career perceptions of graduate-entry medical students at the University of Bonn, focusing on their attitudes toward a career in OB/GYN.A cohort of fifth year medical students (n = 213) participated in this study. Surveys were administered directly via QR codes at two points in the 10th semester: pre-rotation (pre-clerkship) and post-rotation, at the time of the OSCE (OSCE = objective structured clinical examination) in OB/GYN. The questionnaires assessed multiple dimensions of students’ career preferences, understanding of the specialty, and the impact of clinical exposure on their perceptions. Statistical analyses, including McNemar’s test, were performed to evaluate changes in students’ perspectives.The findings revealed that prior to clinical exposure, only 32% of students expressed interest in a career in OB/GYN. After completing the rotation, this interest remained unchanged. Notably, concerns about night shifts increased significantly post-rotation, with 75% of students citing it as a key deterrent. Furthermore, financial considerations gained importance, with 54% of students highlighting future income as a critical factor post-rotation compared to 43% pre-rotation. Despite improved understanding of OB/GYN following hands-on experience, concerns about workload and stress persisted.While clinical exposure increased students’ knowledge of OB/GYN, it did not significantly affect their interest in the specialty, likely due to concerns about work-life balance and the demanding nature of the field. The study underscores the need for reforms in OB/GYN training and practice environments to address these deterrents and improve recruitment into this essential specialty.

• Book : 85(03)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.333-343
• Keyword :

Held on October 14, 2023, SPARK 2023 marked the inaugural National Conference organized by the Department of Physics at North Lakhimpur University. It also served as the inaugural conference of the SPARK conference series. SPARK 2023 represents not just an academic event but also a proud moment for our institution, recently elevated to the status of a state university by the Govt. of Assam, India, from its earlier identity as North Lakhimpur College (Autonomous). This conference showcases the academic and intellectual commitment of our nascent university as it strives to establish its position among esteemed institutions of higher learning and research in the nation. SPARK 2023 brought together participants from across India, particularly from the eastern and northeastern regions, and received an impressive 71 abstracts submitted by researchers from 28 prestigious institutions. These institutions encompass universities, colleges, and autonomous research institutes, and their submissions span seven states. The number of total registered participants was 88. The conference was organized into four broad thematic tracks, each covering a diverse range of areas within physics. These tracks are: Track 01: High Energy Physics and Cosmology Track 02: Material Science & Nanoscience, and Statistical Physics Track 03: Electronics, Spectroscopy, Photonics, and Computational Physics Track 04: Astronomy & Astrophysics, Space & Atmospheric Physics, Plasma Physics, Nuclear Physics, and Nonlinear Dynamics List of Local Organizing Committee, National Scientific Committee, Keynote Speakers, Session Chairs and Proceeding Editors are available in this pdf.

• Book : 2957(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.011001-011001
• Keyword :

Abstract The need for a small-scale portable neutron source is always immense. The Inertial Electrostatic Confinement Fusion (IECF) device is one such device that uses an electric field to produce neutrons through D-D or D-T fusion [1, 2]. In CPP-IPR, the maiden IECF device uses deuterium plasma to produce neutrons near the order of 107 n/s in cylindrical geometry [3]. The electric field produced due to the high negative voltage applied to the cathode accelerates the deuterium ions to gain energy, which can overcome the coulomb barrier and thereby fuse to form neutrons as one of the by-products of nuclear reactions [1]. To further increase the neutron production rate (NPR) and portability, a smaller cylindrical-geometry IEC device is fabricated and installed, in which thick copper wire is wrapped around the device to produce an external magnetic field that will confine the charge particles and increase the ion density. The I-V characteristics of the plasma created inside the device are studied using Langmuir probe diagnostics. The ion density increases when we apply an external magnetic field, whereas it remains the same when no external magnetic field is present. Also, the confinement of plasma is more prominent and distinct as we increase the field strength.

• Book : 2957(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.012023-012023
• Keyword :