Abstract Mergers of binary neutron stars emit signals in both the gravitational-wave (GW) and electromagnetic spectra. Famously, the 2017 multi-messenger observation of GW170817 (refs. 1,2) led to scientific discoveries across cosmology3, nuclear physics4–6 and gravity7. Central to these results were the sky localization and distance obtained from the GW data, which, in the case of GW170817, helped to identify the associated electromagnetic transient, AT 2017gfo (ref. 8), 11 h after the GW signal. Fast analysis of GW data is critical for directing time-sensitive electromagnetic observations. However, owing to challenges arising from the length and complexity of signals, it is often necessary to make approximations that sacrifice accuracy. Here we present a machine-learning framework that performs complete binary neutron star inference in just 1 s without making any such approximations. Our approach enhances multi-messenger observations by providing: (1) accurate localization even before the merger; (2) improved localization precision by around 30% compared to approximate low-latency methods; and (3) detailed information on luminosity distance, inclination and masses, which can be used to prioritize expensive telescope time. Additionally, the flexibility and reduced cost of our method open new opportunities for equation-of-state studies. Finally, we demonstrate that our method scales to long signals, up to an hour in length, thus serving as a blueprint for data analysis for next-generation ground- and space-based detectors.

• Book : 639(8053)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.49-53
• Keyword :

RhoA is a major regulator of the actin cytoskeleton. Its function in the nucleus, however, is unclear. Fusing wildtype, fast cycling, constitutively active, and dominant negative forms of RhoA with tags promoting nuclear or cytoplasmic location and allowing specific detection, we established a platform to distinguish the functions of nuclear and cytoplasmic RhoA. Our data show that nuclear but not cytoplasmic activation of RhoA regulates DNA amount and nuclear size. This is mediated by sequential nuclear activation of the RhoA effector ROCK and Erk, a major cell cycle regulating kinase. The inhibition of ROCK or Erk activation in untransfected cells reduced DNA amounts to a similar extent, suggesting that endogenous activation levels of nuclear RhoA-ROCK-Erk signaling are sufficient for regulation. We reveal, furthermore, that GDP-bound, but not activated RhoA, translocates to the nucleus, indicating relatively separated cytoplasmic and nuclear RhoA signaling. Moreover, even the massive nuclear activation of RhoA does not cause an obvious increase in nuclear F-actin, indicating that RhoA activation is not critical for nuclear F-actin formation.

• Book : 14(6)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.404-404
• Keyword :

Abstract We explore the impact of the nuclear symmetry energy slope on the equation of state (EoS) for dense matter, considering exotic matter with △ admixture in neutron stars. This investigation extends to its repercussions on observable properties of neutron stars, including mass-radius relationships and tidal responses. The EoS is formulated using the framework of covariant density functional theory. This formulation integrates density-dependent coupling schemes and accommodates the existence of non-nucleonic degrees of freedom in heavier systems. The adjustment of the symmetry energy parameter slope is determined by considering the density-dependent behavior of isovector meson coupling to baryons. Additionally, considering the substantial surface magnetic fields of compact stars, we examine the influence of strong magnetic fields on exotic matter. It is observed that strong magnetic fields impact (anti)kaons, causing a delay in their appearance and ultimately resulting in a stiffening of the EoS.

• Book : 2957(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.012021-012021
• Keyword :

AbstractThere is a global shortage of obstetricians and gynecologists (OB/GYN), raising concerns about patient care and workforce sustainability. Germany faces a particularly acute shortage, exacerbated by the impending retirement of many senior consultants. This study explores the career perceptions of graduate-entry medical students at the University of Bonn, focusing on their attitudes toward a career in OB/GYN.A cohort of fifth year medical students (n = 213) participated in this study. Surveys were administered directly via QR codes at two points in the 10th semester: pre-rotation (pre-clerkship) and post-rotation, at the time of the OSCE (OSCE = objective structured clinical examination) in OB/GYN. The questionnaires assessed multiple dimensions of students’ career preferences, understanding of the specialty, and the impact of clinical exposure on their perceptions. Statistical analyses, including McNemar’s test, were performed to evaluate changes in students’ perspectives.The findings revealed that prior to clinical exposure, only 32% of students expressed interest in a career in OB/GYN. After completing the rotation, this interest remained unchanged. Notably, concerns about night shifts increased significantly post-rotation, with 75% of students citing it as a key deterrent. Furthermore, financial considerations gained importance, with 54% of students highlighting future income as a critical factor post-rotation compared to 43% pre-rotation. Despite improved understanding of OB/GYN following hands-on experience, concerns about workload and stress persisted.While clinical exposure increased students’ knowledge of OB/GYN, it did not significantly affect their interest in the specialty, likely due to concerns about work-life balance and the demanding nature of the field. The study underscores the need for reforms in OB/GYN training and practice environments to address these deterrents and improve recruitment into this essential specialty.

• Book : 85(03)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.333-343
• Keyword :

Held on October 14, 2023, SPARK 2023 marked the inaugural National Conference organized by the Department of Physics at North Lakhimpur University. It also served as the inaugural conference of the SPARK conference series. SPARK 2023 represents not just an academic event but also a proud moment for our institution, recently elevated to the status of a state university by the Govt. of Assam, India, from its earlier identity as North Lakhimpur College (Autonomous). This conference showcases the academic and intellectual commitment of our nascent university as it strives to establish its position among esteemed institutions of higher learning and research in the nation. SPARK 2023 brought together participants from across India, particularly from the eastern and northeastern regions, and received an impressive 71 abstracts submitted by researchers from 28 prestigious institutions. These institutions encompass universities, colleges, and autonomous research institutes, and their submissions span seven states. The number of total registered participants was 88. The conference was organized into four broad thematic tracks, each covering a diverse range of areas within physics. These tracks are: Track 01: High Energy Physics and Cosmology Track 02: Material Science & Nanoscience, and Statistical Physics Track 03: Electronics, Spectroscopy, Photonics, and Computational Physics Track 04: Astronomy & Astrophysics, Space & Atmospheric Physics, Plasma Physics, Nuclear Physics, and Nonlinear Dynamics List of Local Organizing Committee, National Scientific Committee, Keynote Speakers, Session Chairs and Proceeding Editors are available in this pdf.

• Book : 2957(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.011001-011001
• Keyword :

Abstract The need for a small-scale portable neutron source is always immense. The Inertial Electrostatic Confinement Fusion (IECF) device is one such device that uses an electric field to produce neutrons through D-D or D-T fusion [1, 2]. In CPP-IPR, the maiden IECF device uses deuterium plasma to produce neutrons near the order of 107 n/s in cylindrical geometry [3]. The electric field produced due to the high negative voltage applied to the cathode accelerates the deuterium ions to gain energy, which can overcome the coulomb barrier and thereby fuse to form neutrons as one of the by-products of nuclear reactions [1]. To further increase the neutron production rate (NPR) and portability, a smaller cylindrical-geometry IEC device is fabricated and installed, in which thick copper wire is wrapped around the device to produce an external magnetic field that will confine the charge particles and increase the ion density. The I-V characteristics of the plasma created inside the device are studied using Langmuir probe diagnostics. The ion density increases when we apply an external magnetic field, whereas it remains the same when no external magnetic field is present. Also, the confinement of plasma is more prominent and distinct as we increase the field strength.

• Book : 2957(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.012023-012023
• Keyword :

Non-noble metal-based heteroatom compounds demonstrate excellent electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, the origin of this activity, driven by structure evolution effects, remains unclear due to the lack of effective in situ/operando techniques. Herein, we employ the operando quick-scan x-ray absorption fine structure (Q-XAFS) technique coupled with in situ controlled electrochemical potential to establish a structure-activity correlation of the OER catalyst. Using Ni-Fe bimetallic phosphides as a model catalyst, operando Q-XAFS experiments reveal that the structural transformation initiates at the preferential oxidation of Fe sites over Ni sites. The in situ–generated O-Fe-P structure serves as the origin of the enhanced electrocatalytic OER activity of the catalyst, a finding supported by theoretical calculations. This work provides crucial insights into understanding the reaction mechanism of the state-of-the-art Ni-Fe–based OER electrocatalysts, thus advancing the rational design of more efficient OER electrocatalysts.

• Book : 11(10)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page :
• Keyword :

• Book : 111(3)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page :
• Keyword :

ABSTRACTBackgroundNational social determinant of health (SDoH) studies on gastrointestinal cancers (GIC) have observed single GIC‐types for surgery but not across all GIC‐types, non‐surgical treatments outcomes, or mortality. The Social Vulnerability Index (SVI), a validated large‐data SDoH‐tool, quantifiably characterizes the interrelatedness of SDoH‐impact through dynamic, region‐contextualized measures.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study assessed GIC patients (20+ years) between 2013 and 2017 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database for total and subcomponent social vulnerability associations across 15 SDoH‐variables encompassing themes of socioeconomic status, minority‐language status, household composition, and housing‐transportation measured by the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI). These are measured and contextualized from all US counties. Univariate logistic and linear regressions of these vulnerability associations with treatment receipt (chemotherapy, radiation, primary surgery) and survival were performed for the entire cohort and across race/ethnicity strata.ResultsWith increasing overall social vulnerability, 287,248 patients (162,387 [56.5%] male; 185,250 [64.6%] white) demonstrated decreased receipt of chemotherapy (lowest, pancreas‐OR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.88–0.93), radiotherapy (hepatic‐OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.85–0.89) and surgery (esophagus‐OR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.87–0.92) for 13/14, 10/14, and 8/14 GIC‐types, respectively. Survival period decreases upwards of 21.3% (biliary tract: 6.9–5.4 months) were observed across 7/14 GICs. Treatment receipt and survival decreases were exacerbated for non‐White patients for 9/14 GICs. Socioeconomic status, minority‐language, household composition, and housing‐transportation vulnerabilities differentially contributed to these trends.DiscussionSocial vulnerability was associated with worse prognostic and treatment disparities, with certain SDoH‐types differentially contributing to these detrimental trends per GIC‐type while associations were exacerbated among non‐White race/ethnic patients. These real‐world contexts present actionable targets for further initiatives to combat GIC disparities.

• Book : 14(5)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page :
• Keyword :

In this research, nineteen (19) samples were collected and analyzed with the following objectives: to evaluate the activity concentration of radionuclides, assess gamma absorption, determine indoor radon concentration, and evaluate the public health impact of building materials used in Katsina State, Nigeria. The study aimed to provide critical data that would inform safe construction practices and regulatory compliance. Samples were sourced locally from various quarry sites, while materials such as cement, paint, tiles, and ceiling materials were purchased from local markets. The methodology involved measuring radionuclide activity concentrations using gamma-ray spectroscopy with a Thallium-doped Sodium Iodide (NaI (Tl)) detector, a highly sensitive method suitable for detecting gamma emissions from radionuclides. Radon gas was identified as the primary radiation source. Results revealed varying activity concentrations of radionuclides across different building materials. Most samples, except for Gravel, Brown Clay (Zone A and C), Kaolin, and Fired Clay Bricks, were below the recommended limits for radionuclide. Similarly, for , except for Cement and Thatch, samples were generally below the average value of 35 Bq/kg. However, several samples including Gravel, Paint, Brown Clay (Zones A, B, C), Thatch, Mud Clay, Laterite, Neem tree, Limestone, Fired Clay Bricks, and Gypsum exceeded the average value of 30 Bq/kg for . The overall average activity concentrations across samples were : 232.421, : 11.791, and : 51.1858 all in Bq/kg. The average Radium equivalent and Gamma index was 113.8 Bq/kg and 0.22, respectively, with an alpha index of 0.11. The external and internal hazard indexes averaged 0.2292 and 0.3102, indicating that these materials pose no significant radiological health risk when used in construction, as all values are below international guidelines of 370 Bq/kg and 1 mSv/y. This study concludes with a recommendation for public awareness on the effects of radiation and the need for continued monitoring and regulation of radiation exposure. The significance of this study lies in its contribution to public health and safety, supporting regulatory compliance and helping to prevent potential health risks associated with construction materials.

• Book : 20(3)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.e0318497-e0318497
• Keyword :