All 3,287,370 Page 68/328,737
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2025
AbstractGut microbiota has a close connection to different thyroid disorders, yet research on its links to subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) remains limited and insufficient. In this study, we explored the potential relationship between the gut microbiota and SCH, as well as dyslipidemia in SCH mice. The SCH mouse model was induced using methimazole. The composition of the gut microbiota from mice was then analyzed through 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology. An antibiotic disruption experiment was used to assess how gut microbiota imbalance impacts thyroid function. The SCH mouse models were constructed and accompanied by significant dyslipidemia. The results revealed no significant differences in the Firmicutes to Bacteroidota ratio or α‐diversity in gut microbiota from SCH and control mice, and in β‐diversity, there was a noticeable but small difference between the groups. 14 differential genera between the two groups identified through LEfSe analysis were significantly correlated with serum lipid levels. Furthermore, the results of the antibiotic disruption experiment demonstrated that gut microbiota imbalance exacerbated the hypothyroidism in mice. The present results suggest that subclinical hypothyroidism has not yet caused significant changes in gut microbiota homeostasis, but gut microbiota plays an important role in regulating thyroid function and is closely associated with dyslipidemia in SCH. This study could help understand the relationship between gut microbiota and SCH, and offer new perspectives on dyslipidemia management in SCH.- Book : 39(5)
- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
- Book : 217()
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.111253-111253
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2025
The rapid development of fifth-generation (5G) networks necessitates high-performance antennas with optimized radiation characteristics. This study investigates the effect of the FR4 substrate on the performance of an elliptical patch antenna designed for 5G applications. Using MATLAB, key antenna parameters, including return loss, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), impedance matching, directivity, and gain, were analyzed. The results indicate that the elliptical antenna with FR4 substrate operates optimally at 3.57 GHz, achieving a bandwidth of 0.24 GHz at -5 dB. The VSWR value at 3.5 GHz was found to be 1.623, confirming good impedance matching. The estimated impedance for FR4 was 90 Ω, ensuring efficient power transfer. Directivity measurements yielded values of -0.9 dB and 4.1 dB along the azimuth and elevation planes, respectively. These findings highlight FR4’s suitability for cost-effective 5G antenna designs, offering a balance between performance and affordability. This study provides valuable insights into substrate selection for optimal antenna efficiency in 5G communication systems.- Book : 11(2)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.423-431
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2025
In this research, nineteen (19) samples were collected and analyzed with the following objectives: to evaluate the activity concentration of radionuclides, assess gamma absorption, determine indoor radon concentration, and evaluate the public health impact of building materials used in Katsina State, Nigeria. The study aimed to provide critical data that would inform safe construction practices and regulatory compliance. Samples were sourced locally from various quarry sites, while materials such as cement, paint, tiles, and ceiling materials were purchased from local markets. The methodology involved measuring radionuclide activity concentrations using gamma-ray spectroscopy with a Thallium-doped Sodium Iodide (NaI (Tl)) detector, a highly sensitive method suitable for detecting gamma emissions from radionuclides. Radon gas was identified as the primary radiation source. Results revealed varying activity concentrations of radionuclides across different building materials. Most samples, except for Gravel, Brown Clay (Zone A and C), Kaolin, and Fired Clay Bricks, were below the recommended limits for radionuclide. Similarly, for , except for Cement and Thatch, samples were generally below the average value of 35 Bq/kg. However, several samples including Gravel, Paint, Brown Clay (Zones A, B, C), Thatch, Mud Clay, Laterite, Neem tree, Limestone, Fired Clay Bricks, and Gypsum exceeded the average value of 30 Bq/kg for . The overall average activity concentrations across samples were : 232.421, : 11.791, and : 51.1858 all in Bq/kg. The average Radium equivalent and Gamma index was 113.8 Bq/kg and 0.22, respectively, with an alpha index of 0.11. The external and internal hazard indexes averaged 0.2292 and 0.3102, indicating that these materials pose no significant radiological health risk when used in construction, as all values are below international guidelines of 370 Bq/kg and 1 mSv/y. This study concludes with a recommendation for public awareness on the effects of radiation and the need for continued monitoring and regulation of radiation exposure. The significance of this study lies in its contribution to public health and safety, supporting regulatory compliance and helping to prevent potential health risks associated with construction materials.- Book : 20(3)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.e0318497-e0318497
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2025
Abstract
The need for a small-scale portable neutron source is always immense. The Inertial Electrostatic Confinement Fusion (IECF) device is one such device that uses an electric field to produce neutrons through D-D or D-T fusion [1, 2]. In CPP-IPR, the maiden IECF device uses deuterium plasma to produce neutrons near the order of 107 n/s in cylindrical geometry [3]. The electric field produced due to the high negative voltage applied to the cathode accelerates the deuterium ions to gain energy, which can overcome the coulomb barrier and thereby fuse to form neutrons as one of the by-products of nuclear reactions [1]. To further increase the neutron production rate (NPR) and portability, a smaller cylindrical-geometry IEC device is fabricated and installed, in which thick copper wire is wrapped around the device to produce an external magnetic field that will confine the charge particles and increase the ion density. The I-V characteristics of the plasma created inside the device are studied using Langmuir probe diagnostics. The ion density increases when we apply an external magnetic field, whereas it remains the same when no external magnetic field is present. Also, the confinement of plasma is more prominent and distinct as we increase the field strength.- Book : 2957(1)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.012023-012023
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2025
Building integrated photovoltaic systems (BIPV) is a strategy to achieve energy self-sufficiency in buildings. However, photovoltaic (PV) energy production presents challenges due to its intermittent nature, characterized by variations and uncertainties associated with solar radiation and interference from the building's surroundings. Therefore, BIM enables energy simulations and solar performance analyses during the design phase of buildings. In this context, this paper aims to identify the key strategies for integrating BIM and photovoltaic energy production systems and how these ap-proaches support the development of sustainable projects. This paper applies the sys-tematic literature review methodology associated with bibliometric analysis, content analysis, and coding of 63 articles. The findings reveal an annual research growth rate of 19.62%, with contributions from 268 authors and an international co-authorship rate of 22.22%. The paper identifies the core research trends in the BIM-PV context through thematic maps. It identifies four dimensions (divided into 32 codes) related to BIM-PV projects related to BIPV applications, parametric tools for energy simulation, challenges, and potential benefits. The literature findings are summarized in four the-oretical propositions structured in an integrative framework. Finally, the article maps five key applications of BIM-PV integration, their problems to solve, and the limita-tions of establishing theoretical and managerial contributions.- Book : ()
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page :
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2025
Riedel’s thyroiditis is a rare inflammatory disease characterized by extensive fibrosis, often mimicking malignancy. The concurrent presence of Riedel’s thyroiditis with noninvasive follicular neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) is exceptionally rare and has not been previously reported. A 63-year-old male presented with an acute onset anterior cervical mass, fever, and dysphagia. Imaging revealed a large cystic mass in the right thyroid lobe extending into the mediastinum. Initial treatment with antibiotics led to partial improvement, but persistent swelling necessitated a deferred total thyroidectomy. Intraoperatively, the thyroid gland was fibrotic and adherent to surrounding structures. Histopathological examination confirmed Riedel’s thyroiditis with extrathyroidal extension and an underlying NIFTP. Postoperatively, the patient developed left vocal cord paresis and primary hypoparathyroidism. Systemic fibrotic involvement was ruled out through a thoracoabdominal-pelvic computed tomography (CT) scan. This case highlights the diagnostic challenges, atypical presentation, and management strategies of this unique coexistence, initially masquerading as a thyroid abscess.- Book : ()
- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
- Book : 5()
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.100079-100079
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2025
A wideband high-efficiency circularly polarized (CP) dual-coil antenna array is presented for 60-GHz applications in this letter. The proposed CP dual-coil antenna is composed of a resonant substrate-integrated cavity (SIC) and a pair of centrally symmetrical coils, which are fed differentially by a substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) coupling slot. A novel sequential rotation feeding technique is introduced to enhance the axial ratio (AR) and impedance bandwidths of both the 2 × 2 subarray and the 4 × 4 array. The proposed feeding network significantly improves radiation efficiency. The measured results of the fabricated prototype indicate that the proposed array achieves an impedance bandwidth of 20.8% (54.6–67.3 GHz) for |S11| ≤ −10 dB, a 3-dB AR bandwidth of 21.5% (54–67 GHz), a high radiation efficiency of 96.6%, and a peak gain reaching 19.3 dBic at 58 GHz. The proposed circularly polarized (CP) antenna element and array design stand out as strong contenders for 60-GHz wireless applications.- Book : 25(7)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.2211-2211
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2025
For nearly three decades, interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer (iSCNT) has been explored as a potential tool for cloning, regenerative medicine, and wildlife conservation. However, developmental inefficiencies remain a major challenge, largely due to persistent barriers in nucleocytoplasmic transport, mitonuclear communication, and epigenome crosstalk. This review synthesized peer-reviewed English articles from PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, spanning nearly three decades, using relevant keywords to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying iSCNT inefficiencies and potential improvement strategies. We highlight recent findings deepening the understanding of interspecies barriers in iSCNT, emphasizing their interconnected complexities, including the following: (1) nucleocytoplasmic incompatibility may disrupt nuclear pore complex (NPC) assembly and maturation, impairing the nuclear transport of essential transcription factors (TFs), embryonic genome activation (EGA), and nuclear reprogramming; (2) mitonuclear incompatibility could lead to nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (nDNA-mtDNA) mismatches, affecting electron transport chain (ETC) assembly, oxidative phosphorylation, and energy metabolism; (3) these interrelated incompatibilities can further influence epigenetic regulation, potentially leading to incomplete epigenetic reprogramming in iSCNT embryos. Addressing these challenges requires a multifaceted, species-specific approach that balances multiple incompatibilities rather than isolating a single factor. Gaining insight into the molecular interactions between the donor nucleus and recipient cytoplast, coupled with optimizing strategies tailored to specific pairings, could significantly enhance iSCNT efficiency, ultimately transforming experimental breakthroughs into real-world applications in reproductive biotechnology, regenerative medicine, and species conservation.- Book : 26(7)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.3310-3310
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