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2025
AbstractOver the years, great efforts have been devoted in introducing a sizable and tunable band gap in graphene for its potential application in next‐generation electronic devices. The primary challenge in modulating this gap has been the absence of a direct method for observing changes of the band gap in momentum space. In this study, advanced spatial‐ and angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy technique is employed to directly visualize the gap formation in bilayer graphene, modulated by both displacement fields and moiré potentials. The application of displacement field via in situ electrostatic gating introduces a sizable and tunable electronic bandgap, proportional to the field strength up to 100 meV. Meanwhile, the moiré potential, induced by aligning the underlying hexagonal boron nitride substrate, extends the bandgap by ≈20 meV. Theoretical calculations effectively capture the experimental observations. This investigation provides a quantitative understanding of how these two mechanisms collaboratively modulate the band gap in bilayer graphene, offering valuable guidance for the design of graphene‐based electronic devices.- Book : ()
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2025
- Book : 24(1)
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- Page : pp.69-73
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2025
Gut dysbiosis is linked to mortality and the development of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), but the impact of cutaneous dysbiosis remains unexplored. We performed a pilot observational study and obtained retroauricular and forearm skin swabs from 12 adult patients prior to conditioning chemotherapy/radiation, and at 1-week, 1-month and 3-months after allogeneic HSCT, and performed shotgun metagenomic sequencing. The cutaneous microbiome among HSCT patients was enriched for gram-negative bacteria such as E coli and Pseudomonas, fungi, and viruses. Enrichment with bacteriophages and Polyomavirus sp, was observed among patients who died within 1-year, while we observed longitudinal stability of the cutaneous microbiome at the 3-month time point among those who survived beyond 1 year post-HSCT, although these may simply be a reflection of the overall medical status of the patients. There was no association with fungal abundance and any of the outcomes observed. The cutaneous microbiome may be a reservoir of pathobionts among allogeneic HSCT patients. Our findings suggest that cutaneous dysbiosis exists post-HSCT, but the ultimate implication of this to patient outcomes remains to be seen. Larger studies are required.- Book : ()
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2025
Three new sorbicillinoid derivatives, citrinsorbicillinol A-C (1–3), along with three known compounds, such as trichosorbicillin G (4), dibutyl phthalate (5), and 3-(4-methoxyphenyl) propanoic acid (6), were isolated from the endophyte Trichoderma citrinoviride of Coptis chinensis. Their structures were elucidated through extensive analyses of spectroscopic data, computer-assisted structure elucidation (ACD/Structure Elucidator), density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD). Biologically, compounds 1–4 exhibited potential antioxidant activity, as assessed using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, with IC50 values ranging from 27.8 to 89.6 μM. In particular, compounds 2 and 3 demonstrated radical scavenging activity comparable to that of the positive control, ascorbic acid, with IC50 values of 27.8 and 31.2 μM, respectively. Moreover, compound 1 exhibited potential anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages, with an IC50 value of 52.7 μM. These findings underscore the therapeutic potential of the new sorbicillinoid derivatives for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory applications.- Book : ()
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2025
Twelve ferulic acid–based derivatives containing urea groups were synthesized and characterized by elementary analytical,1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry spectra. Their hypoglycemic and aldose reductase inhibitory activities were evaluated, several of which showed hypoglycemic activities in vivo comparable with the positive drug glibenclamide. Furthermore, of the tested compounds, 7a and 7b displayed the most potent aldose reductase inhibitory activity in vitro, with an IC50 of 0.55 and 3.88 μM, respectively. Docking simulation indicated compound 7a mainly interact with aldose reductase 2 via three hydrogen bonds with ARG268, SER263, SER210, and one π–π stacking interaction with TYR209. - Book : 49(1)
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