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2025
- Book : 1073()
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.170227-170227
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2025
- Book : ()
- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
Abstract
A series of Pr3+ doped boro tellurite glass samples are synthesized using melt quenching technique and investigated for their potential in gamma ray shielding applications. The amorphous nature of prepared samples is confirmed through X-Ray diffraction technique. The shielding characteristics of prepared glass samples were assessed by determining various parameters, including the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), half-value layer (HVL), mean free path (MFP), effective atomic number (Zeff), and mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) across the energy range of 15 keV to 15 MeV. The significant decrease in the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) for all the prepared samples indicates their enhanced radiation attenuation capabilities. Furthermore, it was observed that LAC values are nearly consistent in the energy range from 1.5 MeV3+- doped glass provides superior attenuation of gamma radiation, making it an excellent choice for applications where effective radiation protection is critical. A sharp peak at 40KeV is observed in Zeff graph showing the dominance of Te absorption edge. The higher values of Zeff at 0.6 MeV for all the prepared samples in this study are evident compared to those reported for lead borate, lead silicate, and lead phosphate in the literature. The current study highlights the effectiveness of the prepared samples as gamma radiation shielding materials.- Book : 2944(1)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.012009-012009
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2025
This study developed a reliable and non-destructive analytical method for quality control
of quail eggs under simulated degradation conditions, including temperature variations and
UV radiation exposure, using a miniaturized near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer combined with
Data-Driven Soft Independent Modeling of Class Analogy (DD-SIMCA). A total of 336 quail
egg samples were evaluated, with 90 samples stored under optimal conditions for up to 14 days,
while the remaining 246 samples underwent controlled storage at temperatures of 30 and 40 °C
for 24, 48, and 72 h, and were exposed to UV irradiation for 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, and 4 h. DD-SIMCA
models utilizing NIR spectra pre-processed with multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) and
Savitzky-Golay first derivative (SGD) achieved remarkable sensitivity and specificity of 100%
in the test set, demonstrating an effective and low-cost technology for ensuring the authenticity
of fresh quail eggs.- Book : ()
- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
The influence of laser-induced active Brownian motion on dust-acoustic instability in the colloidal plasma of a direct current glow discharge was experimentally studied. The dust structure was formed by spherical monodisperse melamine-formaldehyde particles with a partial copper coating (Janus particles). It is shown that with increasing laser radiation intensity, a self-excited plane dust-acoustic wave decays. At an intensity of ≈1.5 W/cm2, the wave ceases to be observed in a three-dimensional plasma–dust cloud. As the intensity decreases, the wave is excited again, which indicates the reversibility of the process. The results obtained can be used to control collective plasma processes.- Book : 32(2)
- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
- Book : 15(1)
- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
AbstractThis study aims to enhance our understanding of the temporal and spatial processes scales governing the evolutionary diversification of Neotropical birds with Trans‐ and Cis‐Andean populations of the species Attila spadiceus from South and Central America. Through a multilocus analysis of the mitochondrial (CytB and ND2) and nuclear genes (I7BF, I5BF, and G3PDH) of 41 samples representing six subspecies, we describe the existing molecular lineages of A. spadiceus, and estimate their demographic dynamics. We used Ecological Niche Modeling (ENM) with six different algorithms to predict the potential distribution of A. spadiceus in both present‐day and past scenarios, examining the overlap climatic niche between Cis‐ and Trans‐Andean lineages. The analysis confirms a relatively recent divergence of the Trans‐ and Cis‐Andean lineages, at approximately 0.25 million years ago (Ma). The niche modeling supports the existence of a dynamic scenario of the expansion and retraction of forest corridors in northwestern South America during the last glaciation. This suggests that the earlier orogenesis of the Andes was not a primary determinant of this dichotomy. Additionally, the analysis of population dynamics indicated a trend of increasing population size starting at 0.05 Ma for both lineages. Our findings highlight the significance of Pleistocene Forest corridors north of the Andes as the key factor maintaining communication before the separation of the lineages, likely associated with the retraction of this forest. We highlight the absence of any significant differentiation between the disjunct Amazonian and Atlantic Forest populations, at both part of the Cis‐Andean lineage. The phylogeographic profile of A. spadiceus diverges from the patterns observed in other Neotropical birds, which emphasizes the need for further research on the role of the forest corridors of the northern Andes as drivers of diversification, to provide comprehensive insights into the processes that led to the formation of the region's present‐day avian diversity.- Book : 15(1)
- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
Infrared (IR) sensors are widely used in various applications due to their ability to detect infrared radiation. Currently, infrared detector technology is in its third generation and faces enormous challenges. IR radiation propagation is categorized into distinct transmission windows with the most intriguing aspects of thermal imaging being mid-wave infrared (MWIR) and long-wave infrared (LWIR). Infrared detectors for thermal imaging have many uses in industrial applications, security, search and rescue, surveillance, medical, research, meteorology, climatology, and astronomy. Presently, high-performance infrared imaging technology mostly relies on epitaxially grown structures of the small-bandgap bulk alloy mercury–cadmium–telluride (MCT), indium antimonide (InSb), and GaAs-based quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs), contingent upon the application and wavelength range. Nanostructures and nanomaterials exhibiting appropriate electrical and mechanical properties including two-dimensional materials, graphene, quantum dots (QDs), quantum dot in well (DWELL), and colloidal quantum dot (CQD) will significantly enhance the electronic characteristics of infrared photodetectors, transition metal dichalcogenides, and metal oxides, which are garnering heightened interest. The present manuscript gives an overview of IR sensors, their types, materials commonly used in them, and examples of related applications. Finally, a summary of the manuscript and an outlook on prospects are given.- Book : 25(3)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.673-673
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2025
The gut microbiota, a complex community of microorganisms, plays a crucial role in gastrointestinal (GI) health, influencing digestion, metabolism, immune function, and the gut–brain axis. Dysbiosis, or an imbalance in microbiota composition, is associated with GI disorders, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and colorectal cancer (CRC). Conventional microbiota analysis methods, such as next-generation sequencing (NGS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), provide valuable insights but are often expensive, time-consuming, and destructive. Raman spectroscopy (RS) is a non-invasive, cost-effective, and highly sensitive alternative. This analytical technique relies on inelastic light scattering to generate molecular “fingerprints,” enabling real-time, marker-free analysis of microbiota composition and metabolic activity. This review explores the principles, sample preparation techniques, and advancements in RS, including surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), for microbiota research. RS facilitates identifying microbial species, analysing key metabolites like short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), and monitoring microbiota responses to dietary and therapeutic interventions. The comparative analysis highlights RS’s advantages over conventional techniques, such as the minimal sample preparation, real-time capabilities, and non-destructive nature. The integration of RS with machine learning enhances its diagnostic potential, enabling biomarker discovery and personalised treatment strategies for GI disorders. Challenges, including weak Raman signals and spectral complexity, are discussed alongside emerging solutions. As RS technology advances, mainly through portable spectrometers and AI integration, its clinical application in microbiota diagnostics and personalised medicine is poised to transform GI healthcare, bridging microbiota research with practical therapeutic strategies.- Book : 15(3)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.292-292
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2025
Objective: The detection of anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) is crucial in diagnosing systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs). The Dense Fine Speckled (DFS) nuclear pattern is one of the most common indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) patterns detected during routine ANA screening in patients with various clinical conditions. The aim of this study was to analyze the data of patients who were positive for DFS/antiDFS in our patient population and to show the possible clinical relationship.
Methods: In this retrospective study, 7406 patient serum samples sent to our laboratory for routine ANA screening between May 2022-2023 were evaluated for the presence of anti-DFS.
Results: In a group of patients referred for routine ANA screening using the indirect immunofluorescence method, the frequency of DFS pattern was found to be 4.55% (337/7406), with ANA positivity detected at a rate of 25.68% (1902/7406). Out of 221 patients with DFS pattern, 181 tested positive for anti-DFS antibodies in both the IIF-ANA and immunoblot (IB) tests. Additionally, 11 of these patients tested positive for other antibodies against different extractable nuclear antigens (anti-ENAs). Conversely, only seven out of the 40 patients who tested negative for anti-DFS antibodies showed positive results for other anti-ENAs.
Conclusion: The DFS pattern is often positive in individuals. In patients exhibiting this pattern, anti-DFS70 antibody may be detected alone or in combination with SARD-associated autoantibodies. Therefore, we propose that in this patient cohort, it would be more prudent to screen for additional concomitant autoantibodies with anti-ENA rather than confirming isolated anti-DFS.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.41.2.10336
How to cite this: Gurbuz M, Yıldırım BF, Cetinkol Y. Evaluation of Positive Cases for Dense Fine Speckled (DFS) Immunofluorescence Pattern and Anti-DFS70 Antibodies. Pak J Med Sci. 2025;41(2):580-584. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.41.2.10336
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.- Book : 41(2)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.580-584
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