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2025
The paper presents the results of material testing for the purpose of obtaining radiator material – acomposite coating with neutron conversion material – for ionization chambers (IC) which contain the 6Li isotope and convert neutron radiation to a flux of high-energy charged particles through the 6Li(n, α)3H nuclear reaction. The proposed method for forming lithium-containing radiator material allows ensuring a high temperature resistance of up to 600 °C and a mechanical strength at the expense of adhesion to the IC electrode material (grade 321 steel). The advantages of a lithium-containing radiator, compared to a boron radiator, are explained by the smaller cross-section of the 6Li-neutron interaction: the smaller efficiency of the 'neutron → charged particle' conversion is made up for by a high power density and a prolonged free path of reaction products in the radiator material, which makes it possible to increase the surface density of 6Li atoms, while reducing the extent of 'burnup' in neutron fields. The IC electrode radiator material consists of a two-layer composite coating comprising an adhesive silicate layer and a functional neutron-sensitive lithium fluoride layer. Measurements at an alpha spectrometric facility have shown that the coating has a high energy output (~ 2.8·10–3 MeV/neutron), which remains stable after four thermal cycles of up to 600 °C. The coating is resistant to vibration when exposed to frequencies of 35 to 200 Hz. The paper presents the results of testing the IC mockup with a lithium-containing radiator material. When irradiated with a neutron flux of 6·103 cm–2·s–1, the IC mockup sensitivity value was about 10–15A·s·cm2/neutron, which agrees with the calculated value.- Book : 11(1)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.65-70
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2025
Industrial waste management is a growing concern, and the valorization of by-products through circular economy approaches represents a sustainable solution. In this context, dextran–grape conjugates (PLG–GRAPE) were obtained via a grafting reaction of grape pomace extract and dextran under aqueous conditions. To compare the properties of the polymeric graft with those of the free extract, total polyphenol content was assessed using the Folin–Ciocalteu assay, along with stability and diffusion studies. In addition, in vitro safety evaluations, including Neutral Red Uptake, h-CLAT, and skin irritation tests were performed to assess the biocompatibility. To evaluate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging properties of PLG–GRAPE, in vitro efficacy assays were performed on keratinocyte and fibroblast cell lines and full-thickness reconstructed human tissues exposed to damaging agents, such as UV radiation and pollutants. The results showed that the technology preserved the phenolic and antioxidant activity of the extract, while improving diffusion and stability properties. As demonstrated by the results of the in vitro studies, a favorable biocompatibility profile was observed, in addition to a significant capacity to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation in aged cells, thus, attenuating cellular aging and senescence. In conclusion, the study suggests that PLG–GRAPE has potential as a bioactive ingredient for cosmetic and dermatological applications, offering a sustainable and effective approach to utilizing industrial waste products.- Book : 15(6)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.3220-3220
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2025
ABSTRACTBackgroundIntraductal papillomas of the breast (IDPs) are typically small benign lesions characterized by pathologic discharge, a palpable mass, or an occult presentation. Giant IDPs (> 5 cm) are a rare entity. The few existing cases of giant IDPs describe grossly apparent exam findings and concerning features on imaging. While surgical excision is the standard of care for most IDPs, there is a scarcity of evidence to guide management of giant papillary tumors.CaseWe describe a case of a 64‐year‐old female presenting with pathologic nipple discharge and no discrete palpable breast mass who was routinely diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Imaging findings of mass calcifications and intraductal mass debris correlated with biopsy results, and the patient underwent central lumpectomy with oncoplastic reconstruction. At the time of surgery, the DCIS was incidentally found to be contained within a large solitary papilloma. The specimen pathology showed DCIS spanning a large area in a multifocal pattern that involved a 7 cm giant intraductal papilloma. Though margins were negative for malignancy, the benign papillary lesion was incompletely excised. A multidisciplinary review opted to pursue whole breast radiation therapy followed by adjuvant endocrine treatment over re‐excision.ConclusionThis unusual case highlights the potential for giant IDP to remain clinically occult in the background of known ductal carcinoma in situ and emphasizes the value of multidisciplinary care discussion and a patient‐centered approach to surgical decision making in the absence of existing guidelines.- Book : 8(3)
- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
Double- and single-differential cross sections for inclusive charged-current νμ-nucleus scattering are reported for the kinematic domain 0 to 2 GeV/c in three-momentum transfer and 0 to 2 GeV in available energy, at a mean νμ energy of 1.86 GeV. The measurements are based on an estimated 995,760 νμ charged-current (CC) interactions in the scintillator medium of the NOvA Near Detector. The subdomain populated by 2-particle-2-hole (2p2h) reactions is identified by the cross section excess relative to predictions for νμ-nucleus scattering that are constrained by a data control sample. Models for 2-particle-2-hole processes are rated by χ2 comparisons of the predicted-versus-measured νμ CC inclusive cross section over the full phase space and in the restricted subdomain. Shortfalls are observed in neutrino generator predictions obtained using the theory-based València and SuSAv2 2p2h models.
Published by the American Physical Society
2025
- Book : 111(5)
- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
Invasive species are organisms that enter an ecosystem as a result of anthropological activities. These species compete with native species in the environment where they settle, threatening the ecological structure and changing biodiversity. Grateloupia turuturu, known as an invasive species, was reported for the first time in May 2015 from the coast of Bandırma in Turkey and it was determined that it is now distributed in Erdek and Mudanya coasts. In general, invasive species are known to have a wide tolerance to ecological variables. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the physiological effects of UVR on G. turuturu species and to investigate the responses of G. turuturu species to UVR. For this purpose, G. turuturu samples were cultured in 3 different light regimes (photosynthetically active radiation, UVA and UVB) and their physiological responses were investigated. The data obtained showed that the photosynthetic activity and nitrate reductase enzyme activities of the samples exposed to UVR increased, whereas the accessory pigment content did not change. In conclusion, G. turuturu is able to utilize UVA energy as light sources in photosynthesis and is tolerant but not sensitive to UVR. Therefore, it is thought that G. turuturu may be advantageous in competition with local species.- Book : 8(2)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.120-129
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2025
Background. There is a lack of data on the incidence of aspirin nonresponsiveness and the efficacy of different forms of ASA in patients with diabetes.Aim. To evaluate the efficacy of buffered versus enteric-coated ASA based on the frequency of high residual platelet reactivity (HRPR) as measured by the VerifyNow Aspirin Test in patients with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) and type 2 diabetes (T2D).Material and methods. The single-center observational parallel-group comparative study (CASCADE) included patients over 18 years of age with CCS and T2D who were prescribed a buffered form of ASA (Cardiomagnyl 75 mg/day) or an entericcoated form of ASA (Thrombo ACC® 100 mg/day or Aspirin® Cardio 100 mg/day) in routine practice prior to inclusion in the study and were randomly selected from the general consultative and diagnostic department of the hospital. According to the routine prescribed therapy, patients were divided into 2 following groups: patients taking Cardiomagnyl 75 mg/day; patients taking Thrombo ACC® 100 mg/day or Aspirin® Cardio 100 mg/day. At the first visit patients signed informed consent and received a card to assess the compliance of ASA intake, while at the second visit (after 7 days with 100% compliance) patients underwent laboratory assessment of ASA efficacy by VerifyNow Aspirin Test and light transmission aggregometry according to a special protocol including arachidonic acid induction. And the third visit included a call to the patient after 90 days, according to which information was collected about all events that occurred with the patient since the signing of the informed consent. The primary endpoint of the study was the incidence of HRPR on the background of ASA administration according to the VerifyNow Aspirin Test. The primary endpoint, tolerability and safety were evaluated in all patients included in the study. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT06716255, and is currently completed.Results. Between February 28, 2024, and May 17, 2024, 200 patients were screened and 84 were successfully enrolled in the study, of which 42 patients received the enteric-coated ASA (Thrombo ACC® 100 mg/day, n=21; Aspirin® Cardio 100 mg/day, n=21) and 42 patients received the buffered ASA absorbed in the stomach (Cardiomagnyl 75 mg/day). The mean age of the study subjects was 68,9 years (standard deviation ±10,2); 34 (40,5%) patients were female and 50 (59,5%) were male. The study was terminated early because of larger than expected intergroup differences. At the time of the interim analysis (May 17, 2024), the incidence of HRPR according to the VerifyNow Aspirin Test was higher in the group of patients receiving the enteric-coated ASA (10 (23,8%) vs 3 (7,1%), p=0,035). By day 90, the incidence of composite endpoint (all-cause mortality; hospitalization for any cause; any ischemic (thrombotic) events) in the buffer ASA group was 7,1% (n=3), which was lower than in the enteric-coated ASA group, which was 16,7% (n=7), mainly due to hospitalisations. However, there were significant associations (p=0,178). One ischemic event was recorded in the enteric-coated ASA group, and there were no ischemic events in the buffered ASA group (p=0,314). There were no fatal outcomes in both groups during the follow-up period. At the same time, the rate of haemorrhagic events in patients with CCS and T2D while taking buffered and enteric-coated ASA was 3 (7,1%) and 4 (9,5%), respectively (p=0,693).Conclusion. Administration of a buffered form of ASA absorbed in the stomach in a group of patients with T2D could potentially allow for a reduction in the number of ASA nonresponsiveness, which could further lead to a reduction in the number of significant clinical events without loss of safety.- Book : 30(2)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.5282-5282
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2025
- Book : 53()
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.100945-100945
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2025
Cellulosic ethanol has been an attractive biofuel for over a century. Despite the large scientific interest, the first step of treating cellulose before enzymatic hydrolysis is still inadequate, so the scientific community seeks innovative solutions. Among them, plasma treatment of raw cellulose represents an interesting approach. The literature on approaches to treat cellulose with gaseous plasma is surveyed, and the results reported by different authors are interpreted. Reactive gaseous particles like ions, electrons, metastables, and radicals interact chemically with the surface but do not cause significant depolymerization of bulk cellulose. Such depolymerization results from bond scission in the bulk cellulose by energetic plasma species capable of penetrating deep into the cellulose. Among them, photons in the range of vacuum ultraviolet radiation (photon energy above the threshold for bond scission) are the most suitable plasma species for the depolymerization of cellulose and the formation of water-soluble fragments, which are suitable for further treatment by enzymatic hydrolysis.- Book : 17(6)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.782-782
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2025
BackgroundDangua Fang (DGF) is a traditional Chinese herbal formula widely used to regulate glucolipid metabolism. Nuclear factor, interleukin-3 regulated (NFIL3) plays a regulatory role in intestinal fat absorption and energy metabolism. Gut microbiota can modulate NFIL3 expression and affect host metabolism.PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the effects of DGF or NFIL3 inhibition on the gut microbiota and their metabolites in mice with glucolipid metabolism disorder (GLMD) and explore the relationship between DGF anti-GLMD effects and those of direct NFIL3 inhibition.MethodsA GLMD mouse model was established by induction with a high-glucose and high-fat diet. The mice were divided into the control group (CG), model group (MG), DGF group (DFG), DGF + siRNA group (DFSG), and siRNA group (SG). The mice were administered sterile water, DGF, and/or intraperitoneal injections of siRNA-NFIL3 or normal saline for 15 weeks, following which glucolipid metabolic indicators, NFIL3 levels, and histopathological alterations in the liver and small intestinal tissues were evaluated. Additionally, the gut microbiota and differential metabolites were analysed, and linear regression analysis was conducted between gut microbial species and metabolic indicators to assess the role of the gut microbiota in metabolic regulation.ResultsSignificant differences were observed between the CG and MG groups for various indicators. Compared with that in the MG group, the GLMD in the DFG, DFSG, and SG groups was significantly improved, and the pathological morphology of the liver and small intestine was altered. The NFIL3 mRNA and protein expression levels in the serum, liver, and small intestine were significantly decreased. The relative abundance of Bacteroidota decreased, whereas that of Firmicutes increased, and changes in the gut microbiota significantly correlated with serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and free fatty acid (FFA) levels. Moreover, lipid metabolism-related pathways were significantly altered in all three intervention groups.ConclusionDGF reduced NFIL3 expression in GLMD mice, regulated the gut microbiota and their metabolites, and altered lipid metabolism-related pathways, with anti-GLMD effects similar to those of direct NFIL3 inhibition.- Book : ()
- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
Due to the unique imaging mechanism of SAR, targets in SAR images present complex scattering characteristics. As a result, intelligent target detection in SAR images has been facing many challenges, which mainly lie in the insufficient exploitation of target characteristics, inefficient characterization of scattering features, and inadequate reliability of decision models. In this respect, we propose an intelligent target detection method based on multi-level fusion, where pixel-level, feature-level, and decision-level fusions are designed for enhancing scattering feature mining and improving the reliability of decision making. The pixel-level fusion method through the channel fusion of original images and their features after scattering feature enhancement represents an initial exploration of image fusion. Two feature-level fusion methods are conducted using respective migratable fusion blocks, namely DBAM and FDRM, presenting higher-level fusion. Decision-level fusion based on DST can not only consolidate complementary strengths in different models but also incorporate human or expert involvement in proposition for guiding effective decision making. This represents the highest-level fusion integrating results by proposition setting and statistical analysis. Experiments of different fusion methods integrating different features were conducted on typical target detection datasets. As shown in the results, the proposed method increases the mAP by 16.52%, 7.1%, and 3.19% in ship, aircraft, and vehicle target detection, demonstrating high effectiveness and robustness.- Book : 17(1)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.112-112
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