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  • 2025


    • Book : ()
    • Pub. Date : 2025
    • Page : pp.100697-100697
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  • 2025


    • Book : 66(1)
    • Pub. Date : 2025
    • Page : pp.106-106
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  • 2025


    • Book : ()
    • Pub. Date : 2025
    • Page :
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  • 2025

    In ultraperipheral collisions (UPCs) involving relativistic heavy ions, the production of heavy-flavor coherent vector mesons through photon-nuclear interactions is a key focus due to its direct sensitivity to the nuclear gluon density. Experimental measurements, however, face a two-way ambiguity as the collision involves two lead ions which can act as both a photon-emitter projectile and a target. This ambiguity hinders the separation of contributions from high and low-energy photon-nucleus interactions, restricting our ability to probe the extremely small-x regime where nonlinear QCD effects are anticipated. This writeup unveils the measurement of coherent heavy quarkonium photoproduction, addressing the two-way ambiguity by employing a forward neutron tagging technique in UPC PbPb collisions at 5.02 TeV. Overall these studies focus on the dominance of gluons in nuclear matter probed at higher energies.
    • Book : 316()
    • Pub. Date : 2025
    • Page : pp.04011-04011
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  • 2025

    Background The role of adjuvant radiotherapy in pancreatic cancer following radical surgery remains a subject of of controversy. This study aimed to more accurately screen pancreatic patients who benefit from adjuvant radiotherapy. Methods Clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with resectable pancreatic cancer were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (2004–2015). Univariate and multivariate analyses were applied to identify prognostic factors affecting patient survival. All the patients were divided into two groups, one receiving radiation and the other not. Selection bias were reduced by propensity-score matching (PSM). Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to estimate overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) between the two groups. Results Within 7097 patients, 2276 received adjuvant radiotherapy (external beam radiation), and 4821 did not. Multivariate analysis revealed that race, age, median income, sex, year of diagnosis, American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) T stage, N stage, scope region lymph surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy were independent predictors for overall survival of all the patients (all p < 0.05). After PSM, a total of 4304 patients were included. There was no OS and CSS benefit of radiotherapy compared with no-radiotherapy (all p > 0.05). Among patients with N1 stage, the radiotherapy group exhibited a median overall survival (mOS) of 21 months (95% CI, 19.82 to 22.18), while the non-radiotherapy group showed a slightly lower mOS of 18 months (95% CI, 16.88 to 19.12). Similarly, in terms of median cancer-specific survival (mCSS), the radiotherapy group demonstrated a mCSS of 22 months (95% CI, 20.79 to 23.21), whereas the non-radiotherapy group had a slightly shorter mCSS of 19 months (95% CI, 17.81 to 20.19). Radiotherapy reduced the all-cause mortality rate and cancer-specific mortality rate among patients with the N1 stage and T4 stage (all p < 0.05). In contrast, the patients in the radiotherapy group with the N0 stage (mOS, 28 months versus 34 months; mCSS, 30 months versus 41months), or primary focus on the body and tail of the pancreas (mOS, 23 months versus 29 months; mCSS, 25 months versus 32 months), or T1 stage (mOS, 36 months versus 113 months; mCSS, 36 months versus 104 months) exhibited a higher all-cause mortality rate and cancer-specific mortality rate compared to those without radiotherapy (all p < 0.05). Subgroup analysis indicated N1 stage pancreatic cancer patients with T2-4 stage, primary focus on the head of the pancreas, young age of onset, and combination chemotherapy were in favor of the adjuvant radiotherapy group (all p < 0.05). Conclusions Our analysis demonstrates that adjuvant radiotherapy may be beneficial for N1 stage (N+) pancreatic cancer patients who have undergone up-front radical surgery with T2-4 stage, primary focus on the head of the pancreas, young age of onset, and receiving combination chemotherapy. However, radiotherapy needs to be used with caution in patients with T1 stage, N0 stage (N-), or primary focus on the body and tail of the pancreas. These findings may contribute to the development of personalized selection criteria for adjuvant radiotherapy in post-surgical pancreatic cancer patients.
    • Book : 20(1)
    • Pub. Date : 2025
    • Page : pp.e0317995-e0317995
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  • 2025

    Inflammation, a fundamental response to infection and injury, involves interactions among immune cells and signaling molecules. Dysregulated inflammation contributes to diseases such as autoimmune disorders and cancer. Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), produced by macrophages in response to lipoteichoic acid (LTA) from Gram-positive bacteria, is a key inflammatory mediator. Glabridin (GBD), a bioactive compound from licorice root, exhibits anti-inflammatory properties. This study investigates GBD’s effects on LTA-induced proinflammatory signaling in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages and alveolar macrophages, MH-S, focusing on IL-1β expression and signaling pathways. Cell viability assays confirmed that 20 μM GBD was non-cytotoxic. Confocal microscopy and quantitative PCR showed that GBD significantly reduced IL-1β fluorescence intensity, mRNA, and protein levels. GBD also inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and nitric oxide (NO) production. Further analysis revealed that GBD suppressed NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation and selectively modulated MAPK pathway activation by reducing JNK and p38 MAPK phosphorylation without affecting ERK. Studies using specific inhibitors demonstrated that IL-1β production reduction was mechanistically linked to MAPK pathway inhibition. These findings highlight GBD’s potential as a therapeutic agent for inflammatory diseases through its ability to modulate critical inflammatory mediators and signaling pathways.
    • Book : 15(2)
    • Pub. Date : 2025
    • Page : pp.174-174
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  • 2025

    IntroductionThe formation of yield and quality in maize involves the accumulation of substances such as starch, proteins, and fats, which interact with water within the kernel. Although temporal dynamics of grain moisture and its functional and environmental determinants have been broadly demonstrated, we still do not have a comprehensive understanding of the distribution of water phase within a kernel.MethodsWe investigated the relationship between tissue structural traits, including embryo volume (EMBV), endosperm volume (ENDV), vitreous endosperm volume (VEV), floury endosperm volume (FEV), and water content in different phases, such as bound water, semi-bound water, and free water, in maize kernels under different cultivars, nitrogen application rates, and soaking durations by combining low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) and X-ray microcomputed tomography (μ-CT) for kernels.ResultsThe results demonstrate that bound water is the major phase (57-82%) in maize kernels, and this proportion decreases with prolonged soaking duration. The bound water content and semi-bound water content positively correlate to ENDV, VEV, and EMBV, whereas free water content correlates to ENDV, EMBV, and VEV in descending order of correlation coefficient. This indicates that water might penetrate the embryo through the pedicel and vitreous endosperm through the pericarp during soaking.DiscussionFinally, we suggested that the proportion of semi-bound water could be a robust indicator to predict moisture content in maize kernels. The study provides a preliminary understanding of the structural basis of water distribution in maize kernels, thereby opening up the potential for designing efficient production systems and breeding cultivars well-suited for mechanical harvesting.
    • Book : ()
    • Pub. Date : 2025
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  • 2025


    • Book : ()
    • Pub. Date : 2025
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  • 2025

    One of the main sources of electricity generation is power plants that use water (steam) to rotate turbines, which drive large electric generators. The steam can be generated from renewable or non-renewable energy sources, such as geothermal energy and nuclear fuels. Having an analysis tool for modeling the performance of such steam power plants can greatly help in reaching optimum designs, leading to less fuel consumption, reduced pollution, and cheaper electricity. It is further advantageous if such modeling tool is free to access, does not require many inputs from the user, and gives results in a very short time. These remarks establish a motivation for the current study. This article documents a computer code written in the Python programming language for numerically analysing the main processes in a steam power cycle with superheating. The code utilizes built-in thermodynamic properties for water in the open-source software package 'Cantera'. A validation case with a benchmarking example in the literature using an independent source of water properties suggests that the developed code is correct. The code can be viewed as an extension to the Python examples for thermodynamic and power generation applications. Cantera can handle both subcritical and supercritical types of superheating. In the subcritical superheating, the steam absolute pressure does not exceed 220.9 bar. In the supercritical superheating, water becomes in a special condition called supercritical fluid, with absolute pressures above 220.9 bar.


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    • Pub. Date : 2025
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  • 2025

    Women with extremely dense breasts are at a higher risk of breast cancer, and the sensitivity of mammography in this group is reduced due to the masking effect of overlapping tissue. This review examines supplemental screening methods to improve detection in this population, with a focus on MRI. Morphologic techniques offer limited benefits, digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) shows inconsistent results, and ultrasound (US), while improving cancer detection rates (CDR), results in a higher rate of false positives. Functional imaging techniques show better performance, molecular breast imaging increases CDR but is limited in availability, and contrast‐enhanced mammography is promising, with good results and as an accessible technique, but requires further validation. MRI, with sensitivity ranging from 81% to 100%, is the most supported modality. Despite strong evidence for MRI in this population, high costs, use of contrast, and longer scan times hinder widespread use. Abbreviated MRI protocols aim to overcome these barriers by reducing costs and scan duration. As personalized screening becomes a future focus, MRI remains the most effective option for women with extremely dense breasts.Level of Evidence1Technical EfficacyStage 5
    • Book : ()
    • Pub. Date : 2025
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