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Wild emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides) is the ancestral species of cultivated tetraploid wheat with BBAA genomes. Because of its full interfertility with domesticated emmer wheat, this wild species can serve as one of the most important genetic resources to improve durum and bread wheat. To clarify the magnitude of genetic diversity between and within populations of Turkish wild emmer wheat, 169 genotypes of ssp. dicoccoides selected from the 38 populations collected from the three sub-regions (East-1, West-1, and West-2) of the Southeast Anatolia Region of Turkey were molecularly and morphologically characterized. The populations showed significant variation in plant height, heading date, flag leaf area, spike length and number, spikelet, peduncle, lemma, palea, glume and anther lengths, glume hull thickness, anther width, and days to maturity. According to the results of nuclear-SSR analysis, the populations collected from the sub-regions East-1 and West-2 were the most genetically distant (0.539), while the populations collected from the sub-regions West-1 and West-2 were the most genetically similar (0.788) populations. According to the results of AMOVA, there was 84% similarity within the populations studied, while the variation between the populations of the three sub-regions was 16%. In the dendrogram obtained by using nuclear-SSR data, the populations formed two main groups. The populations from the sub-region East-1 were in the first group, and the populations from the sub-regions West-1 and West-2 were in the second group. From the dendrogram, it appears that the populations from the sub-region East-1 were genetically distant from the populations from the sub-regions West-1 and West-2. The results highlight the potential diversity in Southeast Anatolia for wild emmer discovery and utilization.- Book : 15(2)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.203-203
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2025
Abstract. Quantifying environmental radiation dose rates is an essential step in age calculation using trapped charge dating methods. A means of rapid dose rate estimation would therefore be useful for a variety of reasons, especially in contexts where rapid equivalent dose estimates are available. For instance, for informing sampling strategy, providing initial age estimates, or supporting portable luminescence studies. However, high-precision methods often used for calculating dose rates are typically time consuming and expensive and are impractical for such ‘range-finder’ applications. Portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) offers a rapid means of measuring the Potassium (K) concentration of sediment, although the other radionuclides typically used to calculate dose rates (Uranium (U) and Thorium (Th)) fall beneath its detection limits at the quantities at which they are usually present in sediments. In this study, we investigate whether pXRF measurements of K concentration alone can be used to accurately estimate total environmental dose rates. A large, global training dataset of 1473 radionuclide samples is used to generate a set of linear relationships between (1) K concentration and external beta dose rate; (2) external beta and gamma dose rates; and (3) external gamma and alpha dose rates. We test the utility of these relationships by measuring the K contents of 67 sediment samples with independent high-precision radionuclide data from a variety of contexts using pXRF. The resulting K concentrations are then converted to external dose rate estimates using the training equations. A simplified set of attenuation parameters are used to correct infinite matrix dose rate estimates, and these are combined with cosmic ray and internal contributions to rapidly calculate total environmental dose rates for a range of theoretical, common luminescence dating scenarios (such as 180–250 μm quartz that has undergone etching). Results show that pXRF can accurately measure K concentrations in a laboratory setting. The training equations can predict external beta dose rates accurately based on K content alone, whilst external alpha dose rates are predicted less accurately. In combination, total estimated dose rates show good agreement with their counterparts calculated from high-precision methods, with 68–98 % of our results lying within ±20 % of unity depending on the scenario. We report better agreement for scenarios where alpha contributions are assumed to be negligible (e.g., in the case of etched, coarse-grained quartz or potassium feldspar). The use of simplified attenuation factors to correct estimated infinite matrix dose rates does not contribute significantly to resulting scatter, with uncertainties mostly resulting from the training equations. This study serves as a proof of concept that pXRF measurements, along with a set of linear equations and a simplified correction procedure, can be used to rapidly calculate range-finder environmental dose rates.
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2025
Abstract
The Institute of Nuclear and Physical Engineering at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology of the Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava is actively engaged in research on application of neutron sources and shielding. These neutron sources are regularly utilized for educational purposes and international research projects. Most current activities take place in the Laboratory of Reactor Physics, using Pu–Be, Am–Be, and Cf-252 neutron sources. The Mini Labyrinth is one of the most frequently used experiments. Since 2020, five versions have been developed and used for various purposes. In the previous activities of the research team, the measurements were usually compared with simulations using high-fidelity simulation codes. These comparisons identified two important effects that may influence the experiments and the simulations: room effects and source anisotropy. In this paper, we focus on determining the axial and radial anisotropy of the IBN-10 Pu–Be neutron source through two simple experiments and simulation tasks using state-of-the-art Monte Carlo simulation tools, MCNP6 and Monaco. The aim of this study is to determine the uncertainty that represents the geometry effects influencing the source emission rate.- Book : ()
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