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2025
This study examines fracture-induced electromagnetic radiation (FEMR) to assess tectonic stress in the Ramon Crater, a geologically “stable” area in southern Israel. With its minor seismic activity, the Ramon Crater poses unique challenges for traditional methods of stress assessment. Here, we introduce FEMR as a novel approach for detecting regional stress orientations by capturing electromagnetic pulses from micro-cracks formed under stress. These FEMR pulses provide indirect but valuable indicators of stress directions on both local and regional scales, demonstrating FEMR’s capability to detect subtle stress changes even in low-activity regions. The findings show that FEMR offers a scalable and sensitive method for mapping stress orientations in stable tectonic environments, making it a promising alternative to conventional seismic techniques. This application of FEMR opens new avenues for understanding regional stress fields in areas with limited seismicity, providing critical insights into tectonic stress behaviors that influence faulting and fracture dynamics in such stable regions.
- Book : 17(3)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.467-467
- Keyword :
2025
To push upper boundaries of thermal conductivity in polymer composites, understanding of thermal transport mechanisms is crucial. Despite extensive simulations, systematic experimental investigation on thermal transport in polymer composites is limited. To better understand thermal transport processes, we design polymer composites with perfect fillers (graphite) and defective fillers (graphite oxide), using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a matrix model. Measured thermal conductivities of ~1.38 ± 0.22 W m −1 K −1 in PVA/defective filler composites is higher than those of ~0.86 ± 0.21 W m −1 K −1 in PVA/perfect filler composites, while measured thermal conductivities in defective fillers are lower than those of perfect fillers. We identify how thermal transport occurs across heterogeneous interfaces. Thermal transport measurements, neutron scattering, quantum mechanical modeling, and molecular dynamics simulations reveal that vibrational coupling between PVA and defective fillers at PVA/filler interfaces enhances thermal conductivity, suggesting that defects in polymer composites improve thermal transport by promoting this vibrational coupling.
- Book : 11(4)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page :
- Keyword :
2025
Abstract Introduction Bone metastasis of well differentiated thyroid tumors observed in 2% and 13% of the patients. Bone metastasis usually occurs mostly in spine, but also in extremities, rib cage and pelvic bones. Here we present a case differentiated thyroid cancer diagnosed with scapular bone metastasis. Clinical Case A 58-year-old male patient had pain on his left scapula that began a year ago. The intensity of the pain worsened over the months. It did not wake him up, but it worsened when he slept on his back. There was no history of trauma, shortness of breath, or pain while swallowing. Physical examination revealed soreness and abnormality at the lateral edge of the scapula. The thyroid gland was not palpable. He was diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia. His family did not have a history of malignancy. He was a lifelong nonsmoker who consumed alcohol infrequently. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the left shoulder was scheduled due to a suspicious tumor seen on shoulder x-ray imaging. An MRI revealed a 44x40 millimeter mass lesion, T1A hypointense and T2A hyperintense, superimposed on the body of the scapula, causing bone structural enlargement (Figure 1). A tru-cut biopsy was performed, and the pathology results were consistent with thyroid cancer metastases. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography was planned for further metastatic investigation; no new metastases were identified. Hemoglobin: 14.3 g/dL, platelets: 192x109/L creatinine: 0.85 mg/dL calcium: 9.13 mg/dL, AST/ALT: 14/13 U/L, TSH: 1.67 mIU/L, free T4: 0.94 ng/dL. Ultrasonography showed 16x8x8 mm hypoechoic solid nodule with microcalcifications was seen in the posterior of the left lobe and 7x6 mm hypoechoic solid nodule was seen in the posterior right lobe, and reactive lymph nodes smaller than 1 cm were discovered in the bilateral cervical chain. A fine needle aspiration biopsy of a thyroid left lobe inferior nodule revealed follicular neoplasm bethesda V. Total thyroidectomy was performed. Pathology report revealed papillary carcinoma with a classic+follicular pattern, localized in the right lobe, invasion of the tumor capsule, and multifocal intrathyroidal and lymphatic invasion were present. The mitotic index was 0–1/2 mm². The patient’s cancer stage was T1bNxM1, STAGE 4B according to thyroid cancer staging calculator. Risk score was evaluated as high according to American Thyroid Association. Bone metastases received 30 GY of radiation over a 10-day period. 150 mci radioactive iodine therapy (RAI) was scheduled for two months after radiation treatment. Anti-thyroglobulin antibody 12.8 U/mL (0-115), thyroglobulin 0.0693 µg/L, TSH 0.013 mIU/L, and freeT4 1.28 ng/dL at fourth month following surgery under levothyroxin suppression medication. Conclusion Papillary thyroid cancer with bone metastasis shortens life expectancy. Total thyroidectomy, anti-resorptive bone agents, corticosteroids, RAI, metastasectomy, radiotherapy, tyrosine-kinase inhibitors are the treatment options.Figure1:44*40 milimeter mass lesion on scapula
- Book : 3(Supplement_1)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page :
- Keyword :
2025
Understanding the strong interactions between baryons, especially hyperon-nucleon (Y-N) interactions, is crucial for comprehending the equation-of-state (EoS) of the nuclear matter and inner structure of neutron star. In these proceedings, we present the measurements of p−Ξ− (p¯ - Ξ¯+) correlation functions with high statistics in Isobar (Ru+Ru, Zr+Zr) and Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 200 GeV by the STAR experiment. With the Lednický-Lyuboshitz approach, the source size and strong interaction parameters of p−Ξ− (p¯ - Ξ¯+) pairs are extracted.
- Book : 316()
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.03010-03010
- Keyword :
2025
The role of epigenetics and chromatin in the maintenance of postmitotic neuronal cell identities is not well understood. Here, we show that the histone methyltransferase Trithorax (Trx) is required in postmitotic memory neurons of the Drosophila mushroom body (MB) to enable their capacity for long-term memory (LTM), but not short-term memory (STM). Using MB-specific RNA-, ChIP-, and ATAC-sequencing, we find that Trx maintains homeostatic expression of several non-canonical MB-enriched transcripts, including the orphan nuclear receptor Hr51, and the metabolic enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (Ldh). Through these key targets, Trx facilitates a metabolic state characterized by high lactate levels in MBγ neurons. This metabolic state supports a high capacity for protein translation, a process that is essential for LTM, but not STM. These data suggest that Trx, a classic regulator of cell type specification during development, has additional functions in maintaining underappreciated aspects of postmitotic neuron identity, such as metabolic state. Our work supports a body of evidence suggesting that a high capacity for energy metabolism is an essential cell identity characteristic for neurons that mediate LTM.
- Book : 23(1)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.e3003004-e3003004
- Keyword :
2025
Abstract Background The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is regarded as the primary stabilizer of the knee joint, and it is commonly injured. Anatomical features are thought to be the root causes of ACL tears. It is closely associated with the appearance and dimensions of the intercondylar notch. The aim of this work was to assess the relationship of parameters and morphological appearance of intercondylar notch in cases with ACL injuries using magnetic resonance imaging. Results A positive correlation was found between A-shaped intercondylar notch and increased incidence of ACL injury. The mean intercondylar notch width (NW) and intercondylar notch width index (NWI) were found to be smaller in ACL-injured group. Intercondylar notch angle was found to be wider in patient’s group. By comparing different intercondylar notch parameters in both genders, only notch width was found to be significantly narrower. No significant correlation was noticed between the type of tear and the intercondylar notch parameters. Both NW and NWI were found to be significantly narrower in patients with twisting injury during performing daily routine activities as compared to the other mechanisms of injury. Conclusions Our study showed that intercondylar notch parameters including notch type may contribute in increasing risk of anterior cruciate ligament injuries with stenotic intercondylar notch enhancing the likelihood of an ACL injury.
- Book : 56(1)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page :
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2025
Breast cancer, a prominent form of cancer in women, arises from the inner lining of mammary glands, ducts, and lobules. With an approximate prevalence rate of 1 in 8 women, the standard treatment methods for this condition include the surgical excision of afflicted tissues, chemotherapy, radiation, and hormone therapy. The BCL-2 gene, also known as the B cell lymphoma gene, prevents apoptosis in eukaryotic cells. It is commonly found to be excessively active in many types of malignancies, such as leukemia, carcinomas, and breast cancer. The excessive expression of this gene has a role in the advancement of cancer by inhibiting apoptosis. Recent research emphasizes the function of microRNAs (miRs) in regulating the expression of BCL-2. These miRs can either decrease or increase the activity of specific genes involved in programmed cell death, thus making them potential targets for therapeutic interventions. This review explicitly examines the regulatory impacts of several miRs on BCL-2, thereby investigating their ability to trigger apoptosis and function as targeted treatments for breast cancer. By comprehending the complex interplay between miRs and BCL-2, it is possible to devise novel therapeutic approaches that can augment the efficacy of breast cancer treatments, thus eventually enhancing patient outcomes.
- Book : 12(1)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.32-48
- Keyword :
2025
- Book : ()
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page :
- Keyword :
2025
Abstract Purpose Advancements of deep learning in medical imaging are often constrained by the limited availability of large, annotated datasets, resulting in underperforming models when deployed under real-world conditions. This study investigated a generative artificial intelligence (AI) approach to create synthetic medical images taking the example of bone scintigraphy scans, to increase the data diversity of small-scale datasets for more effective model training and improved generalization. Methods We trained a generative model on 99mTc-bone scintigraphy scans from 9,170 patients in one center to generate high-quality and fully anonymized annotated scans of patients representing two distinct disease patterns: abnormal uptake indicative of (i) bone metastases and (ii) cardiac uptake indicative of cardiac amyloidosis. A blinded reader study was performed to assess the clinical validity and quality of the generated data. We investigated the added value of the generated data by augmenting an independent small single-center dataset with synthetic data and by training a deep learning model to detect abnormal uptake in a downstream classification task. We tested this model on 7,472 scans from 6,448 patients across four external sites in a cross-tracer and cross-scanner setting and associated the resulting model predictions with clinical outcomes. Results The clinical value and high quality of the synthetic imaging data were confirmed by four readers, who were unable to distinguish synthetic scans from real scans (average accuracy: 0.48% [95% CI 0.46–0.51]), disagreeing in 239 (60%) of 400 cases (Fleiss’ kappa: 0.18). Adding synthetic data to the training set improved model performance by a mean (± SD) of 33(± 10)% AUC (p < 0.0001) for detecting abnormal uptake indicative of bone metastases and by 5(± 4)% AUC (p < 0.0001) for detecting uptake indicative of cardiac amyloidosis across both internal and external testing cohorts, compared to models without synthetic training data. Patients with predicted abnormal uptake had adverse clinical outcomes (log-rank: p < 0.0001). Conclusions Generative AI enables the targeted generation of bone scintigraphy images representing different clinical conditions. Our findings point to the potential of synthetic data to overcome challenges in data sharing and in developing reliable and prognostic deep learning models in data-limited environments. Graphical abstract
- Book : ()
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page :
- Keyword :
2025
X-ray quasi-periodic eruptions (QPEs) are a novel mode of variability in nearby galactic nuclei whose origin remains unknown. Their multi-wavelength properties are poorly constrained, as studies have focused almost entirely on the X-ray band. Here we report on time-resolved, coordinated _Hubble Space Telescope_ far ultraviolet and _XMM-Newton_ X-ray observations of the shortest period X-ray QPE source currently known, eRO-QPE2. We detect a bright UV point source (\(L_{FUV} \approx \text{few} \times 10^{41}\) erg s-1) that does not show statistically significant variability between the X-ray eruption and quiescent phases. This emission is unlikely to be powered by a young stellar population in a nuclear stellar cluster. The X-ray-to-UV spectral energy distribution can be described by a compact accretion disk (\(R_{out} = 343_{-138}^{+202}R_g\)). Such compact disks are incompatible with typical disks in active galactic nuclei, but form naturally following the tidal disruption of a star. Our results rule out models (for eRO-QPE2) invoking i) a classic AGN accretion disk and ii) no accretion disk at all. For orbiter models, the expected radius derived from the timing properties would naturally lead to disk-orbiter interactions for both quasi-spherical and eccentric trajectories. We infer a black hole mass of log\((M_{BH}) = 5.9 \pm 0.3\) M⊙ and Eddington ratio of 0.13\({}_{-0.07}^{}\); in combination with the compact outer radius this is inconsistent with existing disk instability models. After accounting for the quiescent disk emission, we constrain the ratio of X-ray to FUV luminosity of the eruption component to be \(L_X/L_{FUV} > 16 - 85\) (depending on the intrinsic extinction).
- Book : ()
- Pub. Date : 2025
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