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2025
A Wino-like neutralino dark matter (DM) in the form of the lightest supersymmetric particle has been considered one of the popular paradigms that can naturally accommodate at a relatively higher scale, typically beyond the reach of the LHC. The constraint on the DM relic density typically implies a lightest neutralino mass ≃2 TeV. Its observational signature through nuclear recoil experiments, specifically involving DM-nucleon spin-independent scattering, is not impressive, following its high masses and tiny Higgsino fractions. The theoretical calculations can be improved when we compute all the one-loop electroweak (EW) corrections to the three-point vertices for the neutralino (Wino)-Higgs interactions, which in turn boosts the DM-nucleon scattering cross sections through the standard model-like Higgs exchange. Importantly, we include the counterterm contributions. In addition, we incorporate the other next-to-leading order EW DM-quark and DM-gluon interactions present in the literature to calculate the DM-nucleon scattering cross sections. With the improved and precise theoretical estimates, DM-nucleon scattering cross sections may increase or decrease significantly by more than 100% compared to leading order cross sections in different parts of the parameter space.
Published by the American Physical Society
2025
- Book : 111(5)
- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
Increases in synthetic drug production and distribution pose significant risks to public health and safety. Traditional detection methods often fail to accurately identify these complex chemicals, particularly when they are mixed. Accordingly, Herein, an advanced density functional theory spectroscopy integrated identification method (D‐SIIM) comprising a combination of experimental and theoretical analyses is introduced. D‐SIIM is helpful in correcting the erroneous information provided by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry during the analysis of a mixture of three synthetic drug stimulants. Furthermore, the application of a denoising mechanism to the experimental Raman data considerably aligns experimental results with theoretical predictions, thereby augmenting the accuracy and reliability of D‐SIIM. Moreover, the potential of employing hyperpolarized nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to enhance NMR signals at low concentrations is explored. Current approach provides a robust and adaptable framework for identifying synthetic drugs in complex mixtures and will play critical roles in forensic investigations and drug enforcement strategies.- Book : ()
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2025
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2025
- Book : ()
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2025
- Book : ()
- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by persistent inflammation and progressive joint destruction. Recent data underscore oxidative stress as a primary factor in the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis, intensifying inflammatory processes and tissue damage via the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and compromised antioxidant defenses. Current therapies, including disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), primarily target immune dysregulation but fail to address oxidative stress, necessitating novel adjunctive treatment strategies. This review explores the potential of antioxidant-based therapies as complementary approaches to RA management. Natural compounds such as curcumin, resveratrol, sulforaphane, and propolis exhibit strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties by modulating redox-sensitive pathways, including nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)/heme oxygenase (HO-1). N-acetylcysteine (NAC) replenishes intracellular glutathione, enhancing cellular resilience against oxidative stress. Additionally, molecular hydrogen (H2) selectively neutralizes harmful ROS, reducing oxidative damage and inflammation. The role of vitamin supplementation (D, B12, C, and K) in regulating immune responses and protecting joint structures is also discussed. This review aims to evaluate the efficacy and potential clinical applications of antioxidant therapies in RA, emphasizing their role in mitigating oxidative damage and improving treatment outcomes. While preliminary findings are promising, further clinical trials are needed to establish standardized dosing, long-term safety, and their integration into current RA treatment protocols.- Book : 26(7)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.2873-2873
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2025
Waterpipe smoking (WPS) has adverse health effects that include endothelial dysfunction with mechanisms involving oxidative stress and inflammation. Nonetheless, there is a scarcity of data on the direct impact of WPS on endothelial function. In this study, we assessed the in vitro effects of waterpipe smoke extract (WPSE) on aortic endothelial cell lines, namely the TeloHAEC. The WPSE markedly caused concentration- and time-dependent decreases in cellular viability. When compared with the control, at a concentration of 20 % and an incubation period of 48 h, the WPSE significantly increased the levels of lactate dehydrogenase, and markers of oxidative stress including thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and reduced glutathione. Moreover, the concentrations of proinflammatory cytokine (tumor necrosis factor α), and adhesion molecules (E-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1) were also significantly augmented. Likewise, WPSE triggered mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA oxidative damage, as well as apoptosis in TeloHAEC cells. Similarly, cells cultured with WPSE have shown increased expression of phosphorylated nuclear factor-κB and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α (HIF-1α). In conclusion, our study showed that WPSE triggers endothelial inflammation, oxidative stress, DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis via mechanisms involving the activation of nuclear factor-κB and HIF-1α.- Book : (1/2025)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.69-78
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2025
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neuromuscular disease characterized by progressive motor neuron degeneration and muscle atrophy, with no effective treatments available. Chronic inflammation, which impairs muscle regeneration and promotes proteolysis, is a key contributor to ALS-related muscle atrophy and a promising therapeutic target. Here, we applied extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from regenerating skeletal muscles 14 days post-acute injury (CTXD14SkM-EVs), which possess a unique anti-inflammatory profile, to target muscle defects in ALS. We found that CTXD14SkM-EVs enhanced myoblast differentiation and fusion in a cellular muscle-wasting model induced by pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha. Intramuscular administration of these EVs into an ALS mouse model mitigated muscle atrophy by promoting muscle regeneration, shifting macrophage polarization from pro-inflammatory M1 to anti-inflammatory M2 state, and suppressing the aberrant Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) signaling, a key driver of muscle protein degradation. These results underscore the therapeutic potential of regenerating muscle-derived EVs for combating muscle atrophy in ALS.- Book : 14(6)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.464-464
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2025
BackgroundChromosome 8 open reading frame 76 (C8orf76) is a nuclear protein-encoding gene, has received limited attention in current study. Multi-omics pan-cancer analysis focused on the diagnosis, prognosis, immune cell infiltration, methylation, and anti-cancer drug sensitivity remains an enigma. The effect of C8orf76 on lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is unknown.MethodsMulti-omics pan-cancer analysis by utilizing datasets including UALCAN, TIMER 2.0, Human Protein Atlas (HPA), The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx), cBioPortal, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), OncoDB, and MethSurv datasets, were conducted to analyze C8orf76 across 33 cancer types. Furthermore, differential R packages were uesd for an in-depth analysis of C8orf76. The correlation between C8orf76 expression and diagnostic, prognosis, genetic alteration, mRNA modification, DNA methylation, lncRNA-miRNA-C8orf76 regulatory network, immune cell infiltration, and anti-tumor drugs response were explored to evaluate the potential roles of C8orf76. Most importantly, experiments including quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), RNA interference (RNAi), Western blotting (WB), and Edu staining, were performed for experimental verification.ResultsIt was noted that the C8orf76 expression was markedly elevated across multiple tumor types. Moreover, C8orf76 showed potential as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker. Besides, it was confirmed that the expression of C8orf76 was related to DNA methylation, mRNA modification, and the infiltration of immune cells. The lncRNA-miRNA-C8orf76 network was established in the study of LUAD. Experimental validation in LUAD A549 cells demonstrated that the knockdown of C8orf76 significantly inhibited cell proliferation in LUAD.ConclusionThe present study is the first to report that the multi-omics pan-cancer analysis predicts C8orf76 as a promising target in cancer prognosis, diagnosis, immunology, and chemotherapy, highlighting its influence on cell proliferation in LUAD with experimental validation.- Book : ()
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2025
The study examines a set of indicators characterizing the conditions for implementing the water-chemical regime of the secondary circuit in domestic nuclear power plants equipped with VVER-440 / VVER-1000 water-water energetic reactors. The presented research results are intended for use in software complexes for personnel training, specifically computer simulators. The reliable operation of nuclear power plants in any country depends on the proper functioning of all plant systems and the qualification of personnel. The study aims to assess the impact of deviations in the water-chemical regime and to develop decision-making algorithms for operational personnel managing the water-chemical regime. As part of the computer simulators for training operational personnel, structural and parametric identification of mathematical models for the time-dependent performance indicators of the water-chemical regime was carried out. The modeling primarily focused on the channels 'concentration of specific agents (hydrazine hydrate, morpholine) vs concentration of impurities (iron compounds, etc.) in the coolant', as these are closely associated with the corrosion processes of pipelines, primary, and auxiliary equipment in the secondary circuit of nuclear power plants. The study included modeling conditions for violations of the water-chemical regime in the secondary circuit using indicators such as electrical conductivity, mass concentration of oxygen, mass concentration of copper, and mass concentration of sodium. Experimental-statistical validation of the models was conducted, demonstrating that the developed mathematical models adequately describe the analyzed processes. Based on the obtained mathematical descriptions (a family of mathematical models in the form of ordinary differential equations), computer models were constructed. These models enable personnel to predict changes in the performance indicators of the investigated processes over time. Non-stationary process computer models for the water-chemical regime of the secondary circuit in nuclear power plants with VVER-1000 reactors, developed through the identification of extensive industrial data, facilitate the integration of new subsystems for modeling coolant composition management regimes into the computer simulator for operator training.- Book : (1)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.37-47
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