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2025
Background: Traditional freehand techniques in high tibial osteotomy (HTO) have been shown to lack precision and accuracy. Patient-specific instrumentation (PSI) and fixation created from cross-sectional imaging have recently been introduced to address this problem. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of the study was to compare traditional freehand techniques versus PSI in a human cadaveric model of HTO. It was hypothesized that the osteotomies performed using PSI would require less radiation exposure for operating room staff and would reduce deviation from the planned correction in the coronal, sagittal, and axial planes. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Sixteen matched cadaveric knees underwent medial opening-wedge HTO via the freehand method (n = 8) or PSI technique (n = 8) with a predetermined planned opening-wedge size. Computed tomography was used to measure the achieved wedge size as well as alignment parameters in the coronal, sagittal, and axial planes. Radiation dose, number of fluoroscopic images taken, and total operative time were recorded. Results: The mean deviation from the planned wedge size was smaller in the PSI group compared with the freehand group (0.505 vs 3.016 mm, respectively; P < .01). Total radiation dose to medical staff (0.85 vs 2.04 mGy; P < .01) and number of fluoroscopic images (15.5 vs 41; P < .01) were also smaller in the PSI versus the freehand group, respectively. No difference was seen in total operative time between the 2 groups ( P = .62). Conclusion: In cadaveric specimens, the PSI technique demonstrated superior accuracy and decreased radiation exposure for medical staff compared with the traditional freehand technique without compromising operative efficiency. Clinical Relevance: The use of PSI when HTO is performed can lead to more accurate operations and potentially improve outcomes. - Book : 13(1)
- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
Abstract
We investigate the relative yields of various like and unlike mass hadrons in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions (URHIC). In the framework of thermal model a strong evidence of strangeness imbalance is observed in the experiments at lower collision energies relative to non-strange particles, particularly pions. The study indicates that like mass particle ratios in the system at the chemical freeze-out in URHIC can be described effectively by considering baryons (antibaryons) as point like as well as finite size particles which imitates hard-core repulsive interactions leading to an excluded volume type effect. In this analysis, we employ the statistical Hadron Resonance Gas (HRG) model for both cases. A comparison between the two cases is provided. However, the importance of considering baryons (antibaryons) as finite size particles is revealed in the description of baryon to meson ratios. Best fits to particle ratios are obtained using $\chi^{2}$-minimization procedure. For the case of finite-size baryons (antibaryons), we find that considering their hard-core radii allows us to fit the available antibaryon-to-baryon and baryon (antibaryon)-to-pion ratio experimental data simultaneously quite well with the same model parameter values. Moreover, our results align well with the proton radius puzzle observed in the muonic hydrogen measurement data. Furthermore, the study reveals two distinct chemical freeze-out stages in both cases, where the earlier one corresponds to baryonic (hyperonic) and antibaryonic (antihyperonic) states and a later one to mesonic degrees of freedom. A comparison of freeze-out lines obtained from both the cases is made along with the results of some earlier studies.- Book : ()
- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
ABSTRACTTumor necrosis factor receptor‐associated factor‐6 (TRAF6) is a well‐established upstream regulator of the IKK complex, essential for the modulation of the NF‐κB (nuclear factor kappa B) signaling pathway. Aberrant activation of TRAF6 has been strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of various cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The speckle type BTB/POZ protein (SPOP), an E3 ubiquitin ligase substrate‐binding adapter, constitutes a significant component of the CUL3/SPOP/RBX1 complex, which is closely linked to tumorigenesis. In this study, we demonstrated that the E3 ubiquitin ligase SPOP shielded TRAF6 from proteasomal degradation, leading to the hyperactivation of the NF‐κB pathway. Notably, a liver cancer‐associated S119N mutation in SPOP resulted in a failure to mediate the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of TRAF6. Moreover, both gain‐of‐function and loss‐of‐function experiments revealed that SPOP inhibits the proliferation and invasion of HCC cells through the TRAF6‐NF‐κB axis in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our findings elucidate the underpinning mechanism by which SPOP negatively regulates the stability of the TRAF6 oncoprotein, thus offering a new therapeutic target for HCC intervention.- Book : ()
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2025
Background: Radiation-associated angiosarcoma of the breast (RAASB) is a rare secondary angiosarcoma that typically develops subsequent to breast-conserving therapy for breast cancer. The parameters of the resection width and depth remain the subject of considerable controversy. More recent data indicate that radical resection of the complete radiation field at the thorax is associated with improved local control and survival. Objectives: The present study investigates the radical resection technique of the entire radiation field and subsequent defect coverage in RAASB, as well as the medium-term follow-up. Design: Monocentric, retrospective, and non-comparative study. Methods: From January 2017 to January 2024 a total of 10 patients with RAASB were treated at our hospital. The radical resection technique was employed in the treatment of all patients, encompassing the entire radiation field. Three patients received local flaps (two of whom received vertical and transversal rectus abdominis muscle flaps and one received a local random pattern flap), while the remaining seven were treated with split-thickness skin grafts for defect coverage. Results: The median age at initial diagnosis of breast cancer was 59.3 ± 9.41 years, while that of RAASB was 66.2 ± 8.32 years. The median latency period between the start of irradiation of the chest wall and the initial presentation of RAASB was 6.5 ± 3.08 years. The cumulative median total radiation dose was 57.23 ± 8.34 Gray (cumulative Gray) in 9 of the 10 patients. The overall survival (OS) was 80% in the cohort, with a median follow-up period of 40.0 ± 27.96 months. Three patients exhibited local relapses following radical resection, with two of these patients ultimately succumbing to their condition. Conclusion: Patients with RAASB may benefit from a radical resection of the entire radiation field. Despite the relatively mutilating nature of the procedure, the radical resection technique may have the potential to reduce the rate of local recurrence and prolong OS. - Book : 17()
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2025
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2025
AbstractPlutonium was discovered and first synthesized in the early 1940's. Several isotopes of plutonium are used in nuclear technologies, 238Pu for heat generation and 239Pu for energy production and weapons. Both isotopes emit alpha particles, which pose a significant radiation hazard when incorporated into the body. Alpha particles emitted during 239Pu decay deposit energy along a very short path in biological tissues (≈45 μm in soft tissues). Thus, defining the anatomical locations of these deposits is essential to identify the cells at risk of radiation damage and potential malignant transformation. Bone is a primary site for plutonium deposition and retention. Plutonium exposures are associated with increases in osteogenic cancers. Plutonium is preferentially deposited on endosteal and endocortical bone surfaces, particularly those surrounded by red versus yellow bone marrow. Red marrow is more vascularized with a sinusoid network, while yellow marrow is largely a closed capillary system. Cancellous bone in red marrow sites has greater bone turnover rates and relatively more plutonium‐related bone cancers than in yellow marrow sites. The relationships of plutonium deposits in bone and potential alpha particle exposures to cells that include osteoclasts, reversal cells, canopy cells, osteoblasts, bone lining cells, and osteogenic progenitors of the basic multicellular unit during bone modeling and remodeling are reviewed. Differences in distributions of 239Pu versus naturally occurring tumors in humans and experimental animals are noted. This review emphasizes the importance of the anatomical locations of plutonium deposition and retention in the skeleton and the potential relative radiation risks from alpha particles to bone cells and their progenitors.- Book : ()
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2025
Serial crystallography (SX) enables the determination of biologically relevant structures at room temperature while minimizing radiation damage. During SX experiments, the beam center on diffraction images can shift due to X-ray beam movements or detector displacement. Consequently, the geometry file for the beam center is optimized; however, the effects of deviations from the optimal position on data processing efficiency remain unclear. This study examines how changes in the beam center influence data quality by analyzing the indexing efficiency and structure refinement of lysozyme and glucose isomerase datasets, considering shifts in the beam center parameter. The results revealed that as the beam center deviated farther from its optimal position, the indexing efficiency declined, with the extent of the effect varying significantly across indexing algorithms. XDS and MOSFLM algorithms maintained high indexing efficiencies (>90%) for shifts of ≤4 pixels (688 μm) and ≤2 pixels (344 μm), respectively, compared to data processed at the optimized beam center. Conversely, the DirAx and XGANDALF algorithms exhibited indexing efficiencies below 90% for a two-pixel shift in the beam center. These findings enhance our understanding of how beam center shifts affect SX data processing and provide valuable insights for developing effective data processing strategies.- Book : 15(2)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.185-185
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2025
Abstract
A new, simple and robust design for a gas proportional scintillation counter (GPSC) is studied. One sole electrode, the anode, is used to define the electric field in the drift and scintillation regions of the detector volume. The anode has an annular shape aligned with the photosensor axis. Such design allows to keep constant the solid angle subtended by the photosensor relative to the different positions of the scintillation region. Having an oblong anode with a 10 cm inner diameter and a 5 cm photomultiplier tube placed 5 cm below the anode, an energy resolution of 12.0 % FWHM has been achieved for a 10 kV anode bias, the maximum voltage that could be applied to the anode in the present prototype. According to simulations, energy resolutions of ~10 % can be achieved for anode voltages of ~13 kV, a value comparable to the 9–10 % achieved in GPSC using solid angle variation compensation. Independently of having a constant solid angle, the absolute value of the solid angle must be considered, a lower number of EL photons detected at the photosensor due to a reduced solid angle may contribute to the GPSC energy resolution degradation. In addition, non-uniformities present in the photosensor or in the GPSC must be taken into account, since they will contribute to a dependence of the pulse amplitude on the radiation interaction position despite the constant solid angle subtended by the photosensor relative to the scintillation region.- Book : 20(02)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.C02021-C02021
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2025
New higher-count-rate, integrating, large-area X-ray detectors with framing rates as high as 17400 images per second are beginning to be available. These will soon be used for specialized macromolecular crystallography experiments but will require optimal lossy compression algorithms to enable systems to keep up with data throughput. Some information may be lost. Can we minimize this loss with acceptable impact on structural information? To explore this question, we have considered several approaches: summing short sequences of images, binning to create the effect of larger pixels, use of JPEG-2000 lossy wavelet-based compression, and use of Hcompress, which is a Haar-wavelet-based lossy compression borrowed from astronomy. We also explore the effect of the combination of summing, binning, and Hcompress or JPEG-2000. In each of these last two methods one can specify approximately how much one wants the result to be compressed from the starting file size. These provide particularly effective lossy compressions that retain essential information for structure solution from Bragg reflections.- Book : 32(2)
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2025
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