AbstractIn this paper, the effect of gamma‐ray irradiation on the electrical conductivity of polypropylene (PP) composites has been studied. The samples are prepared using PP and styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene elastomer with contents ranging from 0 wt% to 50 wt%, and exposed to Cobalt‐60 gamma irradiation, with a dose from 0 to 250 kGy. Electrical conductivities at different temperatures and trap distributions are measured to observe the deterioration of insulation performance. The microstructure of the sample is estimated using differential scanning calorimetry, X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis and a scanning electron microscope. The obtained results demonstrate a correlation between the increase in electrical conductivity and the elevation in both total dose and temperature. At 250 kGy, the trap distribution tends to become shallower, accompanied by a decrease in crystallinity, melting and decomposition temperatures of the sample. The PP composite exhibits better stability against irradiation and thermal effects, primarily due to the cross‐linked structures formed by irradiation.

• Book : ()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page :
• Keyword :

AbstractWe investigate if mesoscale self‐organisation of trade cumuli in 150 km‐domain large‐eddy simulations modifies the top‐of‐atmosphere radiation budget relative to 10 km‐domain simulations, across 77 characteristic, idealized environments. In large domains, self‐generated mesoscale circulations produce fewer, larger and deeper clouds, raising the cloud albedo. Yet they also precipitate more than small‐domain cumuli, drying and warming the cloud layer, and reducing cloud cover. Consequently, large domains cool slightly less through the shortwave cloud‐radiative effect, and slightly more through clear‐sky outgoing longwave radiation, for a net cooling (−0.5 W ). This cooling is generally smaller than the large‐domain radiation's sensitivity to large‐scale meteorological variability, which is similar in small‐domain simulations and observations. Hence, mesoscale self‐organisation would not alter weak trade‐cumulus feedback estimates previously derived from small‐domain simulations. We explain this with a symmetry hypothesis: ascending and descending branches of mesoscale circulations symmetrically increase and reduce cloudiness, weakly modifying the mean radiation budget.

• Book : 52(3)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page :
• Keyword :

Background: Sub clinical hypothyroidism is defined as thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) >4.2 mIU/ml with a normal level of free T3 and free T4. The prevalence of sub clinical hypothyroidism in adults’ ranges from 1-10%, being higher in the elderly and in females. In children and adolescents, the prevalence is estimated to be less than 2%. Usually children and adolescents with sub clinical hypothyroidism have minimal signs and symptoms and the diagnosis is mostly made incidentally. Objective of the study was evaluation of clinical and etiological characteristics of children and adolescents with sub clinical hypothyroidism and to look at long term consequences in terms of progression to overt hypothyroidism. Methods: Children in the age group of 5-18 years who were referred to the Department of Thyroid and Endocrine Research of Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), from April 2022 to October 2024 with the diagnosis of sub clinical hypothyroidism were recruited for the study. They were followed up for a period of two years. Results: 52 cases of sub clinical hypothyroidism included 33 girls and 19 boys in the age group of 5-18 years. At the end of two year follow up period, in 67.3% of our patients, TSH reverted to normal range spontaneously without any treatment and only 17 patients (32.7%) progressed to overt hypothyroidism and were initiated levothyroxine replacement therapy. Conclusions: Sub clinical hypothyroidism in children is a benign and self-limiting condition with low rate of progression to overt hypothyroidism.

• Book : 13(2)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.757-760
• Keyword :

ABSTRACTObjectivesStage III non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment remains challenging, with a multitude of treatment options available. We assessed Stage IIIA NSCLC outcomes by treatment received.MethodsWe performed a single‐institution retrospective review of NSCLC patients with Stage IIIA disease treated January 01, 2010—March 01, 2022. Demographics, treatments, outcomes, and failure patterns were collected. Progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed using Kaplan–Meier analysis. Failure patterns were assessed for differences using chi‐square analysis.ResultsOf 270 Stage III NSCLC patients, 134 had Stage IIIA disease with a median follow‐up of 29.9 months and a median age of 66 years (IQR 60–75). 66 (49.3%) patients were male, and 105 (78.4%) were current/former smokers (with 30 median pack‐years). Patients were treated with definitive radiation with/without chemotherapy (CRT; n = 77, 57.5%), surgery with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiation (Neoadj; n = 42, 31.3%), and surgery without neoadjuvant therapy (Surg; n = 15, 11.2%). Median PFS was 25.4 months (95% CI 12.5–42.6) for CRT, 22.6 months (95% CI 12.2–44.4) for Neoadj, and 22.8 months (95% CI 5.2‐NA) for Surg with no significant intergroup difference (p = 0.99). Median OS was 57.0 months (95% CI 37.4–77.5) for CRT, 51.5 months (95% CI 36.7–65.5) for Neoadj, and 35.3 months (95% CI 16.8‐NR) for Surg with no significant intergroup difference (p = 0.99).ConclusionsIn this single institution retrospective study, we find no significant differences in PFS, OS, and failure patterns between patients with Stage IIIA NSCLC treated with definitive (chemo)radiation and surgery with or without neoadjuvant therapy. Further work in the immunotherapy era is needed.

• Book : 16(3)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page :
• Keyword :

• Book : ()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page :
• Keyword :

• Book : ()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page :
• Keyword :

With the increasing utilization of renewable energy sources, hydrogen production from complementary wind and solar (HPCWS) systems has become a part of the construction of the integrated energy system (IES). However, renewable energy generation faces uncertainty; in addition, the IES lacks model representation. To solve this problem, this study proposes a carbon day-ahead optimal dispatch model for an integrated energy system with HPCWS and establishes carbon equations for conventional power generation and natural gas. The demand-side response of the IES is considered in conjunction with the objective functions of low-carbon operation and hydrogen storage gain maximization; furthermore, constraints are established to keep the dispatch results of the equipment within reasonable limits. Secondly, the scheduling model requires a faster and more accurate solution algorithm, so an improved particle swarm algorithm is proposed to solve the minimum of the objective function, and the superior convergence speed and accuracy of the algorithm are verified. The comparison of the IES before and after the introduction of HPCWS yields the changes in carbon emission values and hydrogen production before and after the optimization for the respective seasons and scenarios. In addition, the article also discusses the effect of season on the optimization results.

• Book : 6(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.8-8
• Keyword :

• Book : 233()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.116785-116785
• Keyword :

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate bone remodeling in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) during canine distalization in obese individuals and compare it to that in normal-weight individuals. Additionally, the orthodontic tooth movement rates of obese individuals were measured and compared with those of normalweight individuals. Methods: Thirty-six patients (18 obese and 18 normalweight) aged 12–18 years who were candidates for maxillary first premolar extraction for Angle Class II malocclusion were included in the study. The two groups were formed according to World Health Organization guidelines. A normal-weight group (body mass index [BMI] 16–85%) and an obese group (BMI ≥ 95%). Gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected before, 24 hours after, and on the 7th, 14th, and 21st days after the application of the distalization force. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure leptin, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in GCF samples. In addition to the recorded GCF sampling times, the amount of canine tooth movement was calculated using digital models obtained on the 28th day and 3rd month. Results: Leptin, RANKL, OPG, and IL-6 levels were significantly higher in the obese group (P < 0.05). The digital model measurements displayed high rates of repeatability (ICC 0.990). The difference in the amount of tooth movement between groups was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Although obese and normal-weight individuals showed different biomarker levels during tooth movement, there were no significant differences in the amount of movement.

• Book : 55(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.3-14
• Keyword :

ABSTRACTEpstein–Barr virus (EBV) is the first human cancer‐causing viral pathogen to be discovered; it has been epidemiologically associated with a wide range of diseases, including cancers, autoimmunity, and hyperinflammatory disorders. Its evolutionary success is underpinned by coordinated expression of viral transcription factors (EBV nuclear antigens), signaling proteins (EBV latent membrane proteins), and noncoding RNAs, which orchestrate cell transformation, immune evasion, and dissemination. Each of those activities entails significant metabolic rewiring, which is achieved by viral subversion of key host metabolic regulators such as the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), MYC, and hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF). In this review, we systemically discuss how EBV‐encoded factors regulate metabolism to achieve viral persistence and propagation, as well as potential research questions and directions in EBV‐driven metabolism.

• Book : 97(2)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page :
• Keyword :