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2025
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- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant capacity of fruit wines and their protective effects against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in rat synaptosomes in vitro. The wines were produced from strawberries and drupe fruits (i.e., plum, sweet cherry, peach, and apricot) through microvinification with a pure S. cerevisiae yeast culture. Fruit wines were produced with and without added sugar before the start of fermentation, whereas subvariants with and without pits were only applied to drupe fruit wines. First, synaptosomes were treated with the wines, while oxidative stress was induced with H2O2. Subsequently, the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)) and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), an indicator of membrane injury, were determined. In addition, the Briggs–Rauscher reaction (BR) was used to evaluate the inhibition capacity against free radicals. All investigated fruit wines increased the activity of the studied antioxidant enzymes and decreased MDA content compared to the corresponding controls (synaptosomes treated with H2O2). After synaptosomal treatment with plum wine, the highest activities were observed for SOD (5.57 U/mg protein) and GPx (0.015 U/mg protein). Strawberry wine induced the highest CAT activity (0.047 U/mg protein) and showed the best ability to reduce lipid peroxidation, yielding the lowest MDA level (2.68 nmol/mg). Strawberry, plum, and sweet cherry wines were identified as samples with higher antioxidant activity in both principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). Finally, plum wine exhibited the highest inhibitory activity in the BR reaction (397 s). The results suggest that fruit wines could be considered potential functional food due to their protective effects against oxidative stress.
- Book : 14(2)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.155-155
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2025
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- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
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- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
Breast cancer, a prominent form of cancer in women, arises from the inner lining of mammary glands, ducts, and lobules. With an approximate prevalence rate of 1 in 8 women, the standard treatment methods for this condition include the surgical excision of afflicted tissues, chemotherapy, radiation, and hormone therapy. The BCL-2 gene, also known as the B cell lymphoma gene, prevents apoptosis in eukaryotic cells. It is commonly found to be excessively active in many types of malignancies, such as leukemia, carcinomas, and breast cancer. The excessive expression of this gene has a role in the advancement of cancer by inhibiting apoptosis. Recent research emphasizes the function of microRNAs (miRs) in regulating the expression of BCL-2. These miRs can either decrease or increase the activity of specific genes involved in programmed cell death, thus making them potential targets for therapeutic interventions. This review explicitly examines the regulatory impacts of several miRs on BCL-2, thereby investigating their ability to trigger apoptosis and function as targeted treatments for breast cancer. By comprehending the complex interplay between miRs and BCL-2, it is possible to devise novel therapeutic approaches that can augment the efficacy of breast cancer treatments, thus eventually enhancing patient outcomes.
- Book : 12(1)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.32-48
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2025
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- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
Abstract Purpose Advancements of deep learning in medical imaging are often constrained by the limited availability of large, annotated datasets, resulting in underperforming models when deployed under real-world conditions. This study investigated a generative artificial intelligence (AI) approach to create synthetic medical images taking the example of bone scintigraphy scans, to increase the data diversity of small-scale datasets for more effective model training and improved generalization. Methods We trained a generative model on 99mTc-bone scintigraphy scans from 9,170 patients in one center to generate high-quality and fully anonymized annotated scans of patients representing two distinct disease patterns: abnormal uptake indicative of (i) bone metastases and (ii) cardiac uptake indicative of cardiac amyloidosis. A blinded reader study was performed to assess the clinical validity and quality of the generated data. We investigated the added value of the generated data by augmenting an independent small single-center dataset with synthetic data and by training a deep learning model to detect abnormal uptake in a downstream classification task. We tested this model on 7,472 scans from 6,448 patients across four external sites in a cross-tracer and cross-scanner setting and associated the resulting model predictions with clinical outcomes. Results The clinical value and high quality of the synthetic imaging data were confirmed by four readers, who were unable to distinguish synthetic scans from real scans (average accuracy: 0.48% [95% CI 0.46–0.51]), disagreeing in 239 (60%) of 400 cases (Fleiss’ kappa: 0.18). Adding synthetic data to the training set improved model performance by a mean (± SD) of 33(± 10)% AUC (p < 0.0001) for detecting abnormal uptake indicative of bone metastases and by 5(± 4)% AUC (p < 0.0001) for detecting uptake indicative of cardiac amyloidosis across both internal and external testing cohorts, compared to models without synthetic training data. Patients with predicted abnormal uptake had adverse clinical outcomes (log-rank: p < 0.0001). Conclusions Generative AI enables the targeted generation of bone scintigraphy images representing different clinical conditions. Our findings point to the potential of synthetic data to overcome challenges in data sharing and in developing reliable and prognostic deep learning models in data-limited environments. Graphical abstract
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- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
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- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
X-ray quasi-periodic eruptions (QPEs) are a novel mode of variability in nearby galactic nuclei whose origin remains unknown. Their multi-wavelength properties are poorly constrained, as studies have focused almost entirely on the X-ray band. Here we report on time-resolved, coordinated _Hubble Space Telescope_ far ultraviolet and _XMM-Newton_ X-ray observations of the shortest period X-ray QPE source currently known, eRO-QPE2. We detect a bright UV point source (\(L_{FUV} \approx \text{few} \times 10^{41}\) erg s-1) that does not show statistically significant variability between the X-ray eruption and quiescent phases. This emission is unlikely to be powered by a young stellar population in a nuclear stellar cluster. The X-ray-to-UV spectral energy distribution can be described by a compact accretion disk (\(R_{out} = 343_{-138}^{+202}R_g\)). Such compact disks are incompatible with typical disks in active galactic nuclei, but form naturally following the tidal disruption of a star. Our results rule out models (for eRO-QPE2) invoking i) a classic AGN accretion disk and ii) no accretion disk at all. For orbiter models, the expected radius derived from the timing properties would naturally lead to disk-orbiter interactions for both quasi-spherical and eccentric trajectories. We infer a black hole mass of log\((M_{BH}) = 5.9 \pm 0.3\) M⊙ and Eddington ratio of 0.13\({}_{-0.07}^{}\); in combination with the compact outer radius this is inconsistent with existing disk instability models. After accounting for the quiescent disk emission, we constrain the ratio of X-ray to FUV luminosity of the eruption component to be \(L_X/L_{FUV} > 16 - 85\) (depending on the intrinsic extinction).
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- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
The transport properties of a nanobridge superconducting quantum interference device made of Al/Pt bilayer have been studied. Measurement and approximation of the voltage‐field dependencies allow to estimate the inductance of the structure. It is found that this value significantly exceeds the expected geometric inductance and exhibits an atypical temperature dependence. To explain this effect, a microscopic model of electron transport in SN bilayers is developed, considering the proximity effect, and the available regimes of the current distribution are described. The measured properties may be indicative of the formation of high‐resistance aluminum with high values of kinetic inductance during the fabrication of Al/Pt bilayers.
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- Pub. Date : 2025
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