• Book : ()
• Pub. Date : 2025
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ABSTRACTIntroductionPaediatric diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) are dose levels for typical medical imaging examinations for broadly defined types of equipment with weight‐stratification preferred by the International Commission on Radiological Protection. Australia has never published paediatric DRLs for general radiography. The aim of this study was to collect radiation dose metrics for commonly performed radiographic projections in children in Australia and propose weight‐based DRLs.MethodsEthics approval was granted to collect data, along with a waiver of consent. Radiographs were acquired in accordance with local protocols using direct digital X‐ray equipment for children who presented for routine radiographic imaging. A spreadsheet was provided to each centre to record the patient's age and weight, as well as tube voltage and current‐time product, source‐to‐image distance, use of a grid, additional filtration, automatic exposure control chamber selection and the displayed air kerma area product (KAP). Facility reference levels (FRLs) were calculated as the median for each X‐ray unit based on data submitted for a minimum of three patients. The 75th percentiles of the FRLs across nine X‐ray units from five centres were calculated as the proposed Local DRLs (LDRLs).ResultsThe most commonly radiographed body parts in children were the chest, wrist, abdomen, elbow and foot. The proposed LDRLs range from 4 mGy•cm2 (oblique hand in 5–15 kg) to 884 mGy•cm2 (antero‐posterior pelvis in 50–80 kg).ConclusionThe estimation of LDRLs for radiographs from a weight‐based patient study offers Australian reference values for guidance in the optimisation process.

• Book : ()
• Pub. Date : 2025
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As small modular reactors continue to advance, heat pipe reactors (HPRs) are being developed by multiple organizations.Designing heat pipes with optimal heat transfer capability is crucial for the effective performance of HPRs. Based on NSGA-III genetic algorithm, this paper presented the design method of a high-temperature heat pipe featuring a composite wick. The study examined the influence of heat pipe structure parameters on performance parameters and heat transfer limits. Based on the analysis, we built multi-objective modeling of heat pipe and obtained the optimal structural parameters by NSGA-III. Verification confirmed that the heat pipe met the Mach number and effective capillary radius requirements. This study provided valuable insights for improving heat pipe manufacturing techniques and reactor miniaturization.

• Book : 57(3)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.1-11
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SRRM2 encodes a nuclear protein, with functions in pre-mRNA splicing and the formation of nuclear speckles via liquid-liquid phase separation. Despite its critical role in cellular function, the association between SRRM2 and neurodevelopmental disorders is not well-understood. In this study, we reported a case of a patient exhibiting developmental delay, intellectual disability, delayed language development, facial dysmorphism, macrocephaly, short hands and feet, hyperphagia, and hypotonia, which are similar to the characteristics of previously reported cases of SRRM2-associated neurodevelopmental disorders. Notably, the patient became overweight and subsequently developed several obesity-related complications due to uncontrolled hyperphagia. Employing whole exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing, we identified a novel missense mutation in SRRM2 (NM_016333: c.4661A > T, p.Q1554L). This mutation is classified as “Likely Pathogenic” based on the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guideline. Overall, this study contributes to the expanding spectrum of known mutations in SRRM2, enhances our understanding of its clinical implications, and offers crucial data for the diagnosis and management of affected individuals.

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• Pub. Date : 2025
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Eccrine porocarcinoma is a tumor of the sweat gland that mostly develops from an existing benign eccrine poroma. It is a rare cutaneous malignancy with a high risk of metastasis and recurrence. Known to affect the elderly population in general with no gender discrepancy, it presents as an ulcerative mass commonly in the trunk or head/neck region. Definitive diagnosis is made by histopathological findings of peculiar pleomorphic cells with nuclear hyperchromasia and mitotic activity, surrounded by ductal lumen. The standard treatment is complete surgical excision with appropriate surgical margins; adequate work-ups to look for metastasis and timely follow ups for chances of recurrence. Here we report a case of an 82-year-old patient who presented at our department with a long-standing exophytic lesion in the head that rapidly started growing in the past few weeks. After excisional biopsy and histopathology, the diagnosis of Eccrine porocarcinoma was made.Keywords: Cutaneous; eccrine porocarcinoma; malignancy; rare.

• Book : 22(04)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.796-798
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• Book : ()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page :
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Serial crystallography (SX) enables the determination of biologically relevant structures at room temperature while minimizing radiation damage. During SX experiments, the beam center on diffraction images can shift due to X-ray beam movements or detector displacement. Consequently, the geometry file for the beam center is optimized; however, the effects of deviations from the optimal position on data processing efficiency remain unclear. This study examines how changes in the beam center influence data quality by analyzing the indexing efficiency and structure refinement of lysozyme and glucose isomerase datasets, considering shifts in the beam center parameter. The results revealed that as the beam center deviated farther from its optimal position, the indexing efficiency declined, with the extent of the effect varying significantly across indexing algorithms. XDS and MOSFLM algorithms maintained high indexing efficiencies (>90%) for shifts of ≤4 pixels (688 μm) and ≤2 pixels (344 μm), respectively, compared to data processed at the optimized beam center. Conversely, the DirAx and XGANDALF algorithms exhibited indexing efficiencies below 90% for a two-pixel shift in the beam center. These findings enhance our understanding of how beam center shifts affect SX data processing and provide valuable insights for developing effective data processing strategies.

• Book : 15(2)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.185-185
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북한의 핵 프로그램으로 인한 위협이 계속 증가함에 따라, 한국의 정책 결정자들과 시민들 사이에서는 한국의 핵무장 가능성에 대한논의가 전개되고 있다. 그런데 한국의 잠재적선택지 및 그에 따른 상충 요소를 신중하게 정보에 기반하여 결정하기 위해서는, 다른 핵보유국들이 각각의 핵 억제력을 획득하는 데 성공한 과정을 이해하는 것이 필요하다. 본고에서 영국의 사례는 매우 독특한 측면이 드러난다. 1950년대 초, 세계에서 세 번째로 핵무기를 보유한 국가이자 최초의 비초강대국으로서, 영국은 전통적인 핵분열탄과 수소폭탄을 모두 성공적으로 시험한 후, 미국과 독특하면서도 지속적인 핵 파트너십을 구축했다. 영국은 이를 통해 미국으로부터 전략 핵무기를 구매할 수 있었다.동시에, 비교적 소규모의 핵 전력을 보유한 영국은 최소한의 효과적 억제 전략을 채택했으며, 잠재적 적국의 참수공격을 방지하기 위한 핵 지휘 통제 구조를 마련했다. 여기서 살펴볼 수 있는 것은 제한된 자원과 한미 동맹의 존재를 고려할 때, 한국이 핵무기를 획득할 경우에, 영국의 경험에서 많은 요소들을 차용할 수 있다는 점이다. 특히, 억제에 대한 영국의 접근 방식, 지휘 통제 체계, 그리고 미국과의 긴밀한 협력(만약 가능하다면)은 한국의 핵 프로그램이 본래의 목적을 달성하고 정치적, 경제적으로 지속 가능성을 가지도록 하는 데 효과적으로 작용할 수 있다.

• Book : 31(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.65-94
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Herein we present a roadmap for tailoring the crystal growth conditions, near-infrared (NIR) laser emission, and self-frequency doubling (SFD) performances of newly developed Nd-doped LaxGdySc4−x−y(BO3)4 (Nd:LGSB) crystals. Three different Nd3+ doping concentrations of 2.3 at.%, 3.5 at.%, and 4.6 at.% were investigated. Considering their incongruent melting, special conditions were employed for the growth using the Czochralski technique. Laser emission performances at 1062 nm in the CW regime were evaluated for uncoated crystal samples with different orientations (a-cut, c-cut, and SFD-cut). The highest slope efficiency ηsa = 0.68 was obtained for the 4.6 at.% c-cut Nd:LGSB crystal, with a randomly polarized emission. The a-cut 4.6 at.% Nd:LGSB crystal delivered a linearly polarized beam with a slope efficiency ηsa = 0.63. The SFD-cut 2.3 at.% and 3.5 at.% Nd:LGSB crystals achieved slightly lower efficiencies of ~ 0.56. The SFD capabilities of 2.3 at.% and 3.5 at.% Nd:LGSB crystals were also explored. Green laser emission at ~531 nm was achieved with a diode-to-green conversion efficiency increasing significantly from 0.17% to 1.44%, respectively. These results demonstrate that the Nd-doping concentration, crystal orientation, and sample length of Nd:LGSB crystals, must be carefully selected depending on the specific requirements of the intended application.

• Book : 18(5)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.964-964
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• Book : 1075()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.170357-170357
• Keyword :