Abstract

BACKGROUND

Accurate identification of meat species is critical to prevent economic fraud and safeguard public health. The use of inappropriate meat sources, such as murine, poses significant health risks because of potential contamination with pathogens and allergens, leading to foodborne illnesses. The present study aimed to develop a novel real‐time enzymatic recombinase amplification (ERA) method for the rapid and specific detection of murine DNA in meat products.

RESULTS

A novel ERA primer and probe set was designed, targeting a murine‐specific single‐copy nuclear gene identified through bioinformatics analysis. The assay demonstrates high specificity, showing no amplification in commonly consumed meats, other animals or major crops. Additionally, it exhibits remarkable sensitivity, detecting as few as five copies of murine genomic DNA. For practical application, the ERA method could effectively identify mouse DNA in laboratory‐prepared samples at concentrations as low as 0.5% and also quantify samples with mouse DNA content as low as 5%. It also accurately detects the presence of murine‐derived ingredients in commercially available meat products. The detection process is straightforward, utilizing a simple isothermal device for incubation, blue light excitation and a smartphone camera for result interpretation. This rapid analysis can be completed within 20 min.

CONCLUSION

The newly developed real‐time ERA method provides a valuable tool for standardizing meat trade practices, promoting food safety and enhancing consumer confidence in the authenticity of meat products. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

• Book : 105(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.444-452
• Keyword :

Abstract

Niobium as refractory element holds ability to arrest the primary radiation damage in reactor's fissionable conditions and can withstand high-temperature applications. We have inclined the investigation of irradiated Nb Σ 5 symmetric-tilt angled grain boundary (STGB) models at two high-angled grain boundary misorientation: 53.13 deg (Σ 5(2-10)/(120)) and 36.87 deg (Σ 5(3-10)/(130)), respectively. A hybrid of Ziegler-Biersack-Littmark (ZBL) and embedded atom method (EAM) potentials were superimposed to simulate radiation damage. Statistical averaging of the displacement cascades was conducted to study the dynamic evolution of the point defects and interstitial clusters at varying magnitudes of primary knock-on atom (PKA) energies, irradiation temperatures, and PKA directions. The irradiated grain bounary (GB) models were compared with an irradiated bulk Nb specimen, and the results of the study indicate that the irradiated Nb system with greater misorientation angle, i.e., Nb Σ 5 (ɵ = 53.13 deg) survived with lower number Frenkel pair defects as well as the population small-sized interstitial clusters. The point defect cluster analysis indicated the highest population of interstitial clusters survived in Nb STGB models were irradiated along <1 3 5> PKA direction and 100 keV recoil energies respectively.

• Book : 147(3)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.031002
• Keyword :

Abstract

In response to the nuclear material accounting and control system, uranium or plutonium mass and also the isotope abundance should be quantified comprehensively. Commonly, in nuclear safeguards and nuclear security field, active mode is most reasonable for nuclides with low spontaneous rates like uranium measuring for neutron accounting equipment. The spatial detection efficiency and the number of induced fission neutrons are researched in the paper by Monte Carlo simulation and laboratory experiments. A geometric model is built for Monte Carlo simulation to symbolize the measurement of neutrons. The data are assayed with the fission time randomly generated by matlab that conforms to the Poisson distribution to obtain the neutron pulse sequence. The multiplicity shift register (MSR) simulation program performs statistical analysis on the neutron pulse sequence to obtain the corresponding count rates. After that, U3O8 standard source was placed at more than 50 positions, and the comprehensive simulations were conducted. Spatial detection efficiency is practically consistent in the measurement cavity, which proves that the main influencing factors of the neutron measurement results are the spatial distribution of the induction source and the sample. The spatial distribution curves obtained in the fitting results can be used to correct the spatial effect of neutron measurement in the active mode of this device and provide a reference for the subsequent optimization of active neutron measurement equipment and the application of different measurement scenarios.

• Book : 11(2)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.024501
• Keyword :

• Book : 212()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.111001
• Keyword :

• Book : 212()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.111032
• Keyword :

ABSTRACT

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive non‐Hodgkin lymphoma with poor prognosis. The usefulness of fluorine‐18‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (2‐[¹⁸F]FDG PET/CT) and its parameters in the evaluation of treatment response and prognosis is not yet clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic role of tumor burden and tumor dissemination features derived by 2‐[¹⁸F]FDG PET/CT in advanced MCL. We retrospectively included 120 patients with advanced MCL who underwent baseline 2‐ 2‐[¹⁸F]FDG PET/CT and end‐of‐treatment (eot) PET/CT. The baseline‐PET images were analyzed visually and semi‐quantitatively by measuring the maximum standardized uptake value body weight (SUVbw), lean body mass (SUVlbm), body surface area (SUVbsa), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG) and dissemination features (Dmax and Dmax‐bsa). EotPET/CT was judged according to the Lugano classification. Progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were plotted according to the Kaplan-Meier method. At a median follow‐up of 59 months, relapse/progression occurred in 68 patients while death in 38 patients with a median PFS and OS of 27.2 and 57.6 months, respectively. MIPI score, Bulky disease, Ki‐67 index, metabolic response, pretreatment MTV and TLG were significantly associated with PFS at univariate analysis, but only metabolic response, MTV and TLG were confirmed to be independent prognostic factors. Considering OS, only dissemination features were demonstrated to be prognostic features. In conclusions, metabolic response and metabolic tumor burden parameters (MTV and TLG) are strongest predictor of PFS, while dissemination features may have a significant role for predicting OS.

• Book : 43(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.e70009
• Keyword :

Abstract

Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is an uncommon and aggressive large B‐cell lymphoma that affects immunocompromised individuals. The orofacial region is the most commonly affected site. The primary aim of the article was to review systematically, the cases of oral PBL and consolidate their clinic‐pathological, and molecular characteristics, rehabilitation, and outcome in Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected individuals. An electronic literature search was done and 28 articles with a total of 32 cases, of which 27 patients were adults and 5 were pediatrics were included in the review based on the inclusion criteria. Oral PBL was found to be common in HIV‐affected males, frequently involving the gingiva. Histopathology revealed monomorphic neoplastic atypical cells with plasmablastic features and cohesive growth patterns. Immunohistochemistry revealed strong positivity for CD138, and CD 79a. The prognosis of oral PBL in patients with HIV was poor in both adult and pediatric age groups, however, pediatric age groups showed a worse prognosis. Hence, it is crucial to correctly diagnose oral PBL, surgically treat the patients along with chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy, and start ART in HIV‐positive individuals.

• Book : 22(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.e1265
• Keyword :

• Book : 203()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.108234
• Keyword :

• Book : 1054()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.122979
• Keyword :

Abstract

Experiments are carried out in CIMPLE-PSI, to understand the recrystallization behavior of tungsten (W) exposed under very-high target temperature and ITER relevant long He⁺-fluence. The effect of helium bubbles on possible retardation of the recrystallization process is also studied. W samples were simultaneously exposed under He plasma and annealed by the plasma heat-load, in contrast to previously reported experiments in literature, which were carried out sequentially. Exposed samples are characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Vickers surface micro-hardness, nano-hardness and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD). It is observed that the sample exposed to plasma under the highest temperature (1866 K) suffered acute retarded grain growth. This also contained small, unrecovered grains on the exposed surface. FESEM imaging of the cross-sections confirms that relatively smaller helium bubbles still form even at very high temperature conditions, which can impede the grain growth locally, whenever they are forming right on the grain boundaries. This results in an inhomogeneous mixture of surface grains with sizes ranging from a few micrometers to a few tens of micrometers. EBSD estimates that the plasma exposed surface was only 34% recrystallized. The second sample exposed at a lower temperature (1699 K) but for three times higher fluence (ion fluence: 1.19 × 10²⁷ m⁻²) was almost fully recrystallized, which shows retardation diminishes very fast with the duration of the exposure. Hardness measurements were undertaken to understand the variation with plasma exposure/annealing temperature and the extent of recrystallization, with three different probing length scales, spanning from a few hundred nanometers to several micrometers. Both helium plasma exposed W samples are observed to undergo retarded softening up to a depth of a few hundred nanometers from the surface, compared to when the metal may be recrystallized by simple heating, without any plasma exposure.

• Book : 65(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.016017
• Keyword :