Axion-like particles (ALPs) are hypothetical pseudoscalar bosons, natural in extensions of the Standard Model. Their interactions with ordinary matter and radiation are suppressed, making it challenging to detect them in laboratory experiments. However, these particles, produced within stellar interiors, can provide an additional mechanism for energy loss, potentially influencing stellar evolution. Prominent methods for searching for such effects involve measuring the properties of red giants and helium-burning stars in globular clusters (GCs). Here we use published catalogs of stars selected as members of seven GCs on the basis of parallaxes and proper motions measured by Gaia (Data Release 3). Making use of previously derived theoretical relations and the new data, we find the upper limit on the ALP-electron coupling, g ae < 5.2 × 10–14 (95% CL), and an indication (3.3σ) to nonzero ALP-photon coupling, g aγ = $$(6.5_{{ - 1.3}}^{{ + 1.1}})$$ × 10–11 GeV–1. Given the precision of contemporary observational data, it is imperative to refine ALP constraints through more sophisticated analyses, which will be explored in detail elsewhere.

• Book : ()
• Pub. Date : 2025
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Background: The pathogenesis of deterministic radiation damage is not clearly understood, but it has been reported that fibroinflammatory pathways are up-regulated. We hypothesized that the number of adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (ASCs) decline after radiotherapies, preventing normalization of fibrosis and angiogenesis, resulting in chronic radiation damages that progress over time. Methods: Dorsal skin of 8-week-old male BALB/cfC3H mice was irradiated with 10 Gy weekly for 4 weeks. At 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after radiotherapy (n = 5, 5, 5, 5, and 4), tissue hemoglobin oxygen saturation, and time until epithelialization were evaluated. Skin biopsies were measured for thickness and CD34+/isolectin− stem/stromal cell count. Nonirradiated (NRT) controls were evaluated at each time point as well (n = 5 each). Results: Compared with NRT controls, time until epithelialization was significantly longer at 1 month (28 ± 3, P < 0.01); not statistically different at 3 months (16 ± 2, P = 0.32); and lengthened over time at 6 months (20 ± 2, P = 0.21), 9 months (28 ± 2, P < 0.01), and 12 months (26 ± 3, P < 0.01), as did tissue oxygen saturation. The number of CD34+/isolectin– ASCs decreased over time, at 1 month (5.3 ± 1.3, P = 0.01), 3 months (6.0 ± 1.4, P = 0.03), 6 months (4.0 ± 0.8, P < 0.01), 9 months (1.7 ± 0.5, P < 0.01), and 12 months (0.3 ± 0.5, P < 0.01). The subcutaneous fatty layer was significantly thinner at 3 months (116 ± 33, P < 0.01), 6 months (147 ± 22, P = 0.02), 9 months (52 ± 12, P = 0.04), and 12 months (89 ± 19, P = 0.04), but not at 1 month (141 ± 18, P = 0.43). Conclusions: After 6 months postirradiation, the number of ASCs continued to decline over time, accompanied by irreversible progression of fibrosis, atrophy, and ischemia, which resulted in impaired wound healing.

• Book : 13(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.e6419-e6419
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• Pub. Date : 2025
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Introduction Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive cancers. It occurs in men  more often than women. The primary therapy for these cancers is surgery; chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, or immunotherapy are also used.  More and better treatments are being sought for this disease. The use of PARP inhibitors in the treatment of pancreatic cancer has shown good results, so in this article we have done a review of the results of various studies on this topic. In this review, the results of studies on the use of various PARP inhibitors in pancreatic cancer of different hormonal status are presented. Purpose This article aims to give you an overview of the trials that have looked at the effects of different PARP inhibitors in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. PARP inhibitors are a relatively new cancer therapy with good results, so it is important to pay attention.    State of Knowledge In this article, I used the PubMed database and considered papers from the last 10 years, but most of the information in this review comes from papers published after 2020. I have also taken into account the recommendations of the FDA and the European Medicines Agency on the use of PARP inhibitors. Conclusions PARP inhibitors have shown significant effects on pancreatic cancer outcomes. The differences in outcomes depending on the type of cancer, the PARP inhibitor used, and the previous therapies used in a given patient tell us how important it is to individualize therapy in oncology. The findings of the studies presented in this review also point to the need for further research that could focus on identifying patients who may best benefit from treatment with PARP inhibitors, as well as studying synergistic effects in combination with other forms of therapy, such as immunotherapy or chemotherapy. The changes in treatment outcomes that these drugs can bring underscore the importance of exploring new therapeutic strategies in oncology.

• Book : 77()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.56992-56992
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• Book : 33()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.100709-100709
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Background: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), a malignancy originating from the epithelial cells of bile ducts, has shown a notable rise in its incidence over the years. It ranks as the second most frequent primary liver cancer after hepatocellular carcinoma. This study investigates how independent prognostic factors, specifically, age and tumor stage, interact to impact mortality in ICC patients. Furthermore, it examines the clinical features, survival rates, and prognostic indicators of ICC cases diagnosed between 2010 and 2017. Methods: Using data from 5083 patients obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, this study evaluated demographic and clinical factors alongside overall mortality (OM) and cancer-specific mortality (CSM). Variables achieving a p-value below 0.1 in univariate Cox regression analysis were incorporated into multivariate Cox regression models to identify independent prognostic factors. Hazard ratios (HRs) exceeding 1 were interpreted as markers of poor prognosis. Additionally, this study explored the interaction between age and tumor stage in shaping survival outcomes. Results: The multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis indicated higher OM in males (HR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.12–1.26, p < 0.01) and residents of metropolitan counties with populations exceeding 250,000 (HR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.01–1.31, p < 0.05). Conversely, lower OM was observed in individuals aged 40–59 years (HR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.38–0.89, p < 0.05), those aged 60–79 years (HR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.43–0.98, p < 0.05), and patients who received radiation therapy (HR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.72–0.85, p < 0.01), chemotherapy (HR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.51–0.58, p < 0.01), or surgery (HR = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.26–0.31, p < 0.01). For CSM, males exhibited higher risks (HR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.10–1.25, p < 0.01), as did individuals in metropolitan counties with populations over 250,000 (HR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.03–1.35, p < 0.05). Reduced CSM was observed in patients aged 40–59 years (HR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.34–0.79, p < 0.01), those aged 60–79 years (HR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.38–0.86, p < 0.01), and those undergoing radiation therapy (HR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.70–0.83, p < 0.01), chemotherapy (HR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.51–0.59, p < 0.01), or surgery (HR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.25–0.30, p < 0.01). When examining the interaction between age and tumor stage, higher OM was observed in patients aged 40–59 with tumors involving lymph nodes (HR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.14–2.67, p < 0.05). Similarly, CSM was elevated in patients aged 40–59 with lymph node involvement alone (HR = 2.60, 95% CI: 1.26–5.36, p < 0.05) or with direct spread (HR = 2.81, 95% CI: 1.04–7.61, p < 0.05). Among those aged 60–79, higher CSM was noted in cases with lymph node involvement only (HR = 2.24, 95% CI: 1.11–4.50, p < 0.05) or lymph node involvement accompanied by direct extension (HR = 2.93, 95% CI: 1.10–7.82, p < 0.05). Conclusions: This retrospective analysis, utilizing data from the SEER database, provides new insights into mortality patterns in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). This study identifies a significant interplay between two key prognostic factors, emphasizing their collective role in influencing mortality outcomes. Despite the predominance of advanced-stage diagnoses, our analysis underscores the substantial survival benefits associated with treatment interventions, with surgical procedures demonstrating the most pronounced impact. These findings highlight the importance of recognizing patients who may benefit from timely and intensive therapeutic strategies. Furthermore, the results underscore the need for future prospective randomized studies to deepen our understanding of these interactions in ICC, particularly as advancements in precision oncology continue to refine patient care.

• Book : 13(2)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.31-31
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• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page :
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The luminescence properties of BaMgF4 ceramics synthesized using electron beam-assisted synthesis were investigated under vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) synchrotron excitation at a cryogenic temperature of T = 9 K. Their excitation spectra, measured over the 4–10.8 eV range, and corresponding luminescence spectra revealed a complex multicomponent structure with emission maxima at 3.71, 3.55, 3.33, 3, and ~2.8 eV. The primary luminescence band at 330 nm was attributed to self-trapped excitons (STE) excited near the band edge (9.3–9.7 eV), indicating interband transitions and subsequent excitonic relaxation. Bands at 3 and ~2.8 eV were associated with defect states efficiently excited at 6.45 eV, 8 eV and high-energy transitions near 10.3 eV. The excitation spectrum showed distinct maxima at 5, 6.45, and 8 eV, which were interpreted as excitations of defect-related states. These results highlight the interplay between interband transitions, excitonic processes, and defect-related luminescence, which defines the complex dynamics of BaMgF4 ceramics. These findings confirm that radiation synthesis introduces defect centers influencing luminescent properties, making BaMgF4 a promising material for VUV and UV applications.

• Book : 15(2)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.127-127
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• Book : ()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.1-16
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The solar-assisted heat pump drying (SAHPD) system uniquely incorporates solar-heating refrigerant through hot water from solar evacuated tubes, offering distinct advantages. This study analyzed three experimental setups: a heat pump dryer (HPD) without solar assistance, SAHPD configuration 1 (C1-SAHPD) with solar-heated refrigerant at the discharge line, and SAHPD configuration 2 (C2-SAHPD) with solar-heated refrigerant between condensers, both for performance and economic viability. The experiments maintained consistent parameters, including 5.5 kg of Pandan leaf (Pandanus amaryllifolius), an airflow rate of 0.135 kg/s, and a refrigerant operating pressure of 9.65 bar. The SAHPDs operated when the hot water temperature in the storage tank reached between 70°C and 90°C, with a daily average radiation intensity ranging from 0.670 to 1.102 kW/m² for heating the water. The study revealed average coefficients of performance (COP_avg) of 5.34, 5.43, and 6.53 for HPD, C1-SAHPD, and C2-SAHPD, respectively. The specific moisture extraction rate (SMER) for HPD was 2.64, while C1-SAHPD and C2-SAHPD had SMERs of 1.88 and 2.71 at solar fractions of 0.34 and 0.45, respectively. Notably, C2-SAHPD reduced electricity consumption by 46%. The payback period for drying 11 kg of Pandan leaves per day was 4.56 months for HPD, 4.32 months for C1-SAHPD, and 3.84 months for C2-SAHPD. The study concluded that C2-SAHPD was the most efficient dryer system for Pandan leaves based on its higher efficiency, SMER, and cost recovery. Additionally, the performance optimization presented in this study contributed to developing a novel technique for classifying dryer technologies.

• Book : 37(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.349-368
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