Abstract

As magnetic confinement devices move toward higher fusion powers, moderating the heat load to the plasma-facing components becomes increasingly challenging. Efficient power dissipation can be achieved through control of the plasma radiation. However, defining a reliable proxy for the total radiated power is particularly challenging for non-axisymmetric devices such as stellarators. To address this problem, the radiated power can be estimated through a sum of the individual line-integrated bolometer measurements with weights properly calculated to account for the three-dimensional magnetic geometry. The present contribution aims to apply this weighted sum approach to Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) and quantitatively validate it. First, we generate synthetic radiated power phantoms with characteristic W7-X radiation features to derive a set of optimized line-of-sight weights. Then, we test the weights on mock-ups and EMC3-EIRENE radiation patterns, including acquisition and analysis errors such as random noise fluctuations, camera misalignments, and field errors. Compared to other methods, the optimized weighted sum technique exhibited the best performance in all the presented synthetic test cases. When applied to experimental bolometer data, the optimized weights provided a proxy that is both reliable and real-time capable. Further validation is foreseen for the next experimental campaign.

• Book : 65(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.016035
• Keyword :

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202509000-00029/figure1/v/2024-11-05T132919Z/r/image-tiff

Protein arginine methyltransferase-6 participates in a range of biological functions, particularly RNA processing, transcription, chromatin remodeling, and endosomal trafficking. However, it remains unclear whether protein arginine methyltransferase-6 modifies neuropathic pain and, if so, what the mechanisms of this effect. In this study, protein arginine methyltransferase-6 expression levels and its effect on neuropathic pain were investigated in the spared nerve injury model, chronic constriction injury model and bone cancer pain model, using immunohistochemistry, western blotting, immunoprecipitation, and label-free proteomic analysis. The results showed that protein arginine methyltransferase-6 mostly co-localized with β-tubulin III in the dorsal root ganglion, and that its expression decreased following spared nerve injury, chronic constriction injury and bone cancer pain. In addition, PRMT6 knockout (Prmt6^-/-) mice exhibited pain hypersensitivity. Furthermore, the development of spared nerve injury-induced hypersensitivity to mechanical pain was attenuated by blocking the decrease in protein arginine methyltransferase-6 expression. Moreover, when protein arginine methyltransferase-6 expression was downregulated in the dorsal root ganglion in mice without spared nerve injury, increased levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinases were observed in the ipsilateral dorsal horn, and the response to mechanical stimuli was enhanced. Mechanistically, protein arginine methyltransferase-6 appeared to contribute to spared nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain by regulating the expression of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein-F. Additionally, protein arginine methyltransferase-6-mediated modulation of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein-F expression required amino acids 319 to 388, but not classical H3R2 methylation. These findings indicated that protein arginine methyltransferase-6 is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of peripheral neuropathic pain.

• Book : 20(9)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.2682-2696
• Keyword :

• Book : 1054()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.122979
• Keyword :

Abstract

Experiments are carried out in CIMPLE-PSI, to understand the recrystallization behavior of tungsten (W) exposed under very-high target temperature and ITER relevant long He⁺-fluence. The effect of helium bubbles on possible retardation of the recrystallization process is also studied. W samples were simultaneously exposed under He plasma and annealed by the plasma heat-load, in contrast to previously reported experiments in literature, which were carried out sequentially. Exposed samples are characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Vickers surface micro-hardness, nano-hardness and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD). It is observed that the sample exposed to plasma under the highest temperature (1866 K) suffered acute retarded grain growth. This also contained small, unrecovered grains on the exposed surface. FESEM imaging of the cross-sections confirms that relatively smaller helium bubbles still form even at very high temperature conditions, which can impede the grain growth locally, whenever they are forming right on the grain boundaries. This results in an inhomogeneous mixture of surface grains with sizes ranging from a few micrometers to a few tens of micrometers. EBSD estimates that the plasma exposed surface was only 34% recrystallized. The second sample exposed at a lower temperature (1699 K) but for three times higher fluence (ion fluence: 1.19 × 10²⁷ m⁻²) was almost fully recrystallized, which shows retardation diminishes very fast with the duration of the exposure. Hardness measurements were undertaken to understand the variation with plasma exposure/annealing temperature and the extent of recrystallization, with three different probing length scales, spanning from a few hundred nanometers to several micrometers. Both helium plasma exposed W samples are observed to undergo retarded softening up to a depth of a few hundred nanometers from the surface, compared to when the metal may be recrystallized by simple heating, without any plasma exposure.

• Book : 65(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.016017
• Keyword :

• Book : 604()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.155499
• Keyword :

• Book : 50()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.100888
• Keyword :

Abstract

Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is an uncommon and aggressive large B‐cell lymphoma that affects immunocompromised individuals. The orofacial region is the most commonly affected site. The primary aim of the article was to review systematically, the cases of oral PBL and consolidate their clinic‐pathological, and molecular characteristics, rehabilitation, and outcome in Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected individuals. An electronic literature search was done and 28 articles with a total of 32 cases, of which 27 patients were adults and 5 were pediatrics were included in the review based on the inclusion criteria. Oral PBL was found to be common in HIV‐affected males, frequently involving the gingiva. Histopathology revealed monomorphic neoplastic atypical cells with plasmablastic features and cohesive growth patterns. Immunohistochemistry revealed strong positivity for CD138, and CD 79a. The prognosis of oral PBL in patients with HIV was poor in both adult and pediatric age groups, however, pediatric age groups showed a worse prognosis. Hence, it is crucial to correctly diagnose oral PBL, surgically treat the patients along with chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy, and start ART in HIV‐positive individuals.

• Book : 22(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.e1265
• Keyword :

• Book : 203()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.108234
• Keyword :

• Book : 604()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.155471
• Keyword :

• Book : 43()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.100911
• Keyword :