• Book : 128()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.107074-107074
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• Book : ()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page :
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AbstractThe Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS) are pivotal assets in aerial operations, necessitating specialised protection measures, and serving as prime targets for enemy anti‐radiation missiles (ARMs). This paper explores approaches to enhance the battlefield survivability of frequency diverse array AWACS (FDA‐AWACS) by incorporating airborne radar technology onto the platform. The study commences by analysing the typical operational methods of anti‐radiation missiles. Following this, a deception model is formulated for the frequency diverse array (FDA) against the passive radar homing head of anti‐radiation missiles utilising the adjacent antenna single‐pulse amplitude‐comparison direction‐finding technique. Expanding on this groundwork, the research further assesses the deceptive impacts of FDA‐AWACS on direction finding cross‐location techniques. Simulation results validate that FDA‐AWACS can effectively counter the threat of anti‐radiation missiles by diminishing their direction‐finding and positioning systems.

• Book : 19(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page :
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• Book : ()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.1-16
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Introduction. Previous studies identified genetic links between the TCF7L2 C/T variant rs7903146, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and obesity. We wished to deepen our understanding of how specific diets interact with this variant to affect blood metabolites, an aspect not previously investigated. Hence, we conducted a controlled study where individuals with different genotypes followed a Mediterranean (Med) or low-fat (LF) diet for one week. Methods. Participants were recruited from the Boston, MA (USA) area. Anthropometric and clinical measures were taken. Genotypes at rs7903146 were ascertained, with homozygous carriers of the more common and protective CC or risk TT genotype invited to participate. Participants followed both diets (LF or Med) for one week with ~10 days’ washout between diets. Blood samples taken at the beginning and end of each diet period underwent metabolomics analysis using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We evaluated how the diet affected different metabolites based on genetic profile. Results. The cohort of 35 persons was 43% female, aged 18 to 70 y, with BMI between 26.4 to 33.9 kg/m2. Focusing on fatty acids (FAs) and other lipid metabolic factors (n = 23), we observed a greater number and stronger correlations among these factors in the CC genotype-Med diet group than the other three genotype-diet combinations. An aggregate of 11 factors, each negatively correlating with delta saturated fatty acids (SFA), showed a significant genotype-Med diet interaction on delta-SFA in CC individuals on the Med diet (p = 0.0046). A similar genotype-Med diet interaction was observed for delta-monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) (p = 0.0078). These interactions were not statistically significant at the end of the LF intervention. Conclusion. Our findings suggest that the Mediterranean diet has stronger influence on regulating lipid factors in individuals with the CC genotype at TCF7L2 variant rs7903146. This diet-genotype interaction may have significant implications for understanding the inter-individual variation of metabolic response on specific dietary regimens.

• Book : ()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.1-24
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Background: Traditional freehand techniques in high tibial osteotomy (HTO) have been shown to lack precision and accuracy. Patient-specific instrumentation (PSI) and fixation created from cross-sectional imaging have recently been introduced to address this problem. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of the study was to compare traditional freehand techniques versus PSI in a human cadaveric model of HTO. It was hypothesized that the osteotomies performed using PSI would require less radiation exposure for operating room staff and would reduce deviation from the planned correction in the coronal, sagittal, and axial planes. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Sixteen matched cadaveric knees underwent medial opening-wedge HTO via the freehand method (n = 8) or PSI technique (n = 8) with a predetermined planned opening-wedge size. Computed tomography was used to measure the achieved wedge size as well as alignment parameters in the coronal, sagittal, and axial planes. Radiation dose, number of fluoroscopic images taken, and total operative time were recorded. Results: The mean deviation from the planned wedge size was smaller in the PSI group compared with the freehand group (0.505 vs 3.016 mm, respectively; P < .01). Total radiation dose to medical staff (0.85 vs 2.04 mGy; P < .01) and number of fluoroscopic images (15.5 vs 41; P < .01) were also smaller in the PSI versus the freehand group, respectively. No difference was seen in total operative time between the 2 groups ( P = .62). Conclusion: In cadaveric specimens, the PSI technique demonstrated superior accuracy and decreased radiation exposure for medical staff compared with the traditional freehand technique without compromising operative efficiency. Clinical Relevance: The use of PSI when HTO is performed can lead to more accurate operations and potentially improve outcomes.

• Book : 13(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page :
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Mixed transition metal sulfides are promising materials for positive electrodes of asymmetric supercapacitors because they have a large potential for increasing the electrical characteristics of these devices. The paper presents the results of a study of a material based on spinel CuCoNiSxO4−x with both sulfide and oxide sublattices, prepared by a one-step hydrothermal method directly on nickel foam, forming an array of whiskers. Electrochemical studies showed that a positive electrode, CuCoNiS2O2, exhibited a high specific capacitance of 3612 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1. The assembled asymmetric supercapacitor with activated carbon as a negative electrode achieved a specific capacitance of 133.5 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and a potential window of 1.7 V. Its energy density was 53.6 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 805 W kg−1 and the power density reached 17,000 W kg−1 at an energy density of 18.9 W h kg−1. The assembled device exhibits 52% of capacitance retention after the 20,000 cycles at a current density of 10 A g−1 with 97% coulombic efficiency. These results demonstrate that the CuCoNiSxO4−x system is competitive with other quaternary transition metal sulfides, and this type of spinel is a perspective electrode material for high-performance supercapacitors.

• Book : 18(3)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.561-561
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Quantifying and mapping evapotranspiration (ET) from land surfaces is crucial in the context of climate change. For decades, remote sensing data have been utilized to estimate ET, leading to the development of numerous algorithms. However, their application is still non-trivial, mainly due to practical constraints. This paper introduces geeSSEBI, a Google Earth Engine implementation of the S-SEBI (Simplified Surface Energy Balance Index) model, for deriving ET from Landsat data and ERA5-land radiation. The source code and a graphical user interface implemented as a Google Earth Engine application are provided. The model ran on 871 images, and the estimates were evaluated against multiyear data of four eddy covariance towers belonging to the ICOS network, representative of both forests and agricultural landscapes. The model showed an RMSE of approximately 1 mm/day, and a significant correlation with the observed values, at all the sites. A procedure to upscale the data to monthly is proposed and tested as well, and its accuracy evaluated. Overall, the model showed acceptable accuracy, while performing better on forest ecosystems than on agricultural ones, especially at daily and monthly timescales. This implementation is particularly valuable for mapping evapotranspiration in data-scarce environments by utilizing Landsat archives and ERA5-land radiation estimates.

• Book : 17(3)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.395-395
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Background: The pathogenesis of deterministic radiation damage is not clearly understood, but it has been reported that fibroinflammatory pathways are up-regulated. We hypothesized that the number of adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (ASCs) decline after radiotherapies, preventing normalization of fibrosis and angiogenesis, resulting in chronic radiation damages that progress over time. Methods: Dorsal skin of 8-week-old male BALB/cfC3H mice was irradiated with 10 Gy weekly for 4 weeks. At 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after radiotherapy (n = 5, 5, 5, 5, and 4), tissue hemoglobin oxygen saturation, and time until epithelialization were evaluated. Skin biopsies were measured for thickness and CD34+/isolectin− stem/stromal cell count. Nonirradiated (NRT) controls were evaluated at each time point as well (n = 5 each). Results: Compared with NRT controls, time until epithelialization was significantly longer at 1 month (28 ± 3, P < 0.01); not statistically different at 3 months (16 ± 2, P = 0.32); and lengthened over time at 6 months (20 ± 2, P = 0.21), 9 months (28 ± 2, P < 0.01), and 12 months (26 ± 3, P < 0.01), as did tissue oxygen saturation. The number of CD34+/isolectin– ASCs decreased over time, at 1 month (5.3 ± 1.3, P = 0.01), 3 months (6.0 ± 1.4, P = 0.03), 6 months (4.0 ± 0.8, P < 0.01), 9 months (1.7 ± 0.5, P < 0.01), and 12 months (0.3 ± 0.5, P < 0.01). The subcutaneous fatty layer was significantly thinner at 3 months (116 ± 33, P < 0.01), 6 months (147 ± 22, P = 0.02), 9 months (52 ± 12, P = 0.04), and 12 months (89 ± 19, P = 0.04), but not at 1 month (141 ± 18, P = 0.43). Conclusions: After 6 months postirradiation, the number of ASCs continued to decline over time, accompanied by irreversible progression of fibrosis, atrophy, and ischemia, which resulted in impaired wound healing.

• Book : 13(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.e6419-e6419
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AbstractBackgroundSteatotic liver disease (SLD) is a potentially reversible condition but often goes unnoticed with the risk for end‐stage liver disease.PurposeTo opportunistically estimate SLD on lung screening chest computed tomography (CT) and investigate its prognostic value in heavy smokers participating in the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST).Material and methodsWe used a deep learning model to segment the liver on non‐contrast‐enhanced chest CT scans of 19,774 NLST participants (age 61.4 ± 5.0 years; 41.2% female) at baseline and on the 1‐year follow‐up scan if no cancer was detected. SLD was defined as hepatic fat fraction (HFF) ≥5% derived from Hounsfield unit measures of the segmented liver. Participants with SLD were categorized as lean (body mass index [BMI] < 25 kg/m2) and overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2). The primary outcome was all‐cause mortality. Cox proportional hazard regression assessed the association between (1) SLD and mortality at baseline and (2) the association between a change in HFF and mortality within 1 year.ResultsThere were 5.1% (1000/19,760) all‐cause deaths over a median follow‐up of 6 (range, 0.8–6) years. At baseline, SLD was associated with increased mortality in lean but not in overweight/obese participants as compared to participants without SLD (hazard ratio [HR] adjusted for risk factors: 1.93 [95% confidence interval 1.52–2.45]; p = 0.001). Individuals with an increase in HFF within 1 year had a significantly worse outcome than participants with stable HFF (HR adjusted for risk factors: 1.29 [1.01–1.65]; p = 0.04).ConclusionSLD is an independent predictor for long‐term mortality in heavy smokers beyond known clinical risk factors.

• Book : ()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page :
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