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2025
The domains of lightning electromagnetic pulse (LEMP) fields are classified as “near-field,” “intermediate-field,” and “far-field” based on qualitative descriptions. However, the systematic quantitative classification of LEMP fields is yet to be reported. This study characterized the wave impedance of lightning electromagnetic pulse (WILEMP) to solve this problem. The components and field domain distribution ranges of LEMP were analyzed by varying the WILEMP and the distance between the observation point and radiation source (r). The changes in the WILEMP with r under the influence of different factors were calculated using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The results indicated that the LEMP field has high impedance. the WILEMP decreased rapidly with the increase in r when r ≤ 10 km, consistent with the characteristics of the electrostatic and induction fields (near field). The WILEMP gradually decreased and stabilized with the increase in r when r ≥ 20 km, and the value was roughly the same as the impedance of free space (377 Ω) when r = 100 km, consistent with the characteristics of radiation field (far field). The decay rate of the WILEMP was lower than that when r ≤ 10 km but higher than that when r ≥ 20 km. Finally, when 10 km < r < 20 km, the apparent transitivity was consistent with intermediate-field characteristics.- Book : 15(2)
- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
Coal resource extraction and utilization are essential for sustainable development and economic growth. This study integrates a pseudo-triaxial mechanical loading system with low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to enable the preliminary visualization of coal’s pore-fracture structure (PFS) under mechanical stress. Pseudo-triaxial and cyclic loading–unloading tests were combined with real-time NMR monitoring to model porosity recovery, pore size evolution, and energy dissipation, while also calculating the fractal dimensions of pores in relation to stress. The results show that during the compaction phase, primary pores are compressed with limited recovery after unloading. In the elastic phase, both adsorption and seepage pores transform significantly, with most recovering post-unloading. After yield stress, new fractures and pores form, and unloading enhances fracture connectivity. Seepage pore porosity shows a negative exponential relationship with axial strain before yielding, and a logarithmic relationship afterward. The fractal dimension of adsorption pores decreases during compaction and increases afterward, while the fractal dimension of seepage pores decreases before yielding and increases post-yielding. These findings provide new insights into the flow patterns of methane in coal seams.- Book : 9(2)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.93-93
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2025
- Book : ()
- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
Background: The prognostic impact of internal carotid artery (ICA) invasion in nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) patients is not well established. Thus, we conducted a retrospective study to analyze the prognostic factors for ICA invasion by NPC. Methods: This retrospective study included consecutive biopsy-proven NPC patients who received CCRT from November 2015 to December 2022 at E-Da Hospital. Patients were then classified into two groups according to ICA invasion by tumor or not. Survival was estimated by the Kaplan–Meier method with a five-year overall survival (OS) rate and five-year disease specific survival (DSS) rate. Results: A total of 191 patients with pathologically confirmed NPC were included in this study, with 54 patients in the ICA invasion group and 137 patients in the no ICA invasion group. The ICA invasion group showed a worse prognosis compared to the no ICA invasion group (p < 0.001 in OS and DSS). Patients were stratified into a poor response group and good response group. OS and DSS in the poor response group had a significant difference compared to the good response group (both p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, NLR was an independently prognostic factor for OS (HR 2.430, 95% CI 1.040–5.678, p = 0.040 and HR 0.412, 95% CI 0.176–0.962, p = 0.040, respectively) and for DSS (HR 2.430, 95% CI 1.040–5.678, p = 0.040 and HR 0.412, 95% CI 0.176–0.962, p = 0.040, respectively). Conclusions: Locally advanced NPC patients with ICA invasion have a miserable outcome and NLR represents a significant prognostic factor that impacts treatment decisions and survival.- Book : 17(3)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.488-488
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2025
Tetraploidy is a condition in which the entire set of chromosomes doubles, most often due to errors during cell division. Tetraploidy can lead to genomic instability and significant consequences, in particular metastasis and treatment failure in tumours, including radiotherapy. The development of new strategies to sensitise these cells to treatment is of great importance. In our study, we investigated the in vitro combination of chemical treatment with the kinase inhibitor SP600125 and irradiation on diploid versus metastatic tetraploid RKO colon cancer clones. We assessed mitochondrial transmembrane potential, cell cycle and subG1 population by flow cytometry and performed clonogenic assays to evaluate cell sensitivity. We found that the combination overcomes irradiation resistance in metastatic tetraploid clones. To identify the main pathway involved in cell sensitivity, we screened the Harvard Medical School KINOMEscan library and performed a gene ontology biological process analysis. We found that the major kinases inhibited by SP600125 were ANKK1, BIKE, IKKA, JNK1, MP2K3, MP2K4, MKNK2, MYLK, PLK4, RPS6KA4(Kin,Dom,1), MYLK4 and TTK, and the pathways involved in clone sensitivity were DNA damage repair, radiation resistance and apoptosis, through JNK pathway inhibition. Finally, our main finding was that combined treatment with SP600125 and radiotherapy reduced the resistance of metastatic tetraploid cells to treatment, essentially by inhibiting the JNK pathway. This result supports a promising anti-cancer strategy to overcome the resistance of tetraploid cancer cells to irradiation.- Book : 26(3)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.1209-1209
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2025
Abstract
The ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi is native to the Atlantic coasts of the Americas and is considered a threat to biodiversity and food webs in recipient ecosystems. Most of these invasive ctenophores perish during the cold winter in temperate northern European waters (North and Baltic Seas) but spread again every summer/autumn. We collected ctenophores from the southern North Sea, inner Danish waters, and western Baltic Sea in 2017 and 2018, and sequenced genomic DNA obtained from tissue samples. We obtained sequences of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1 and 2, and the intervening 5.8S fragment and partial fragments of the flanking 18S rRNA and 28S rRNA genes from nuclear DNA. Excluding the rRNA regions and focussing on only the two ITS sequences, we compared with ITS sequences archived in databases from specimens in its native (Northwest Atlantic) and other invaded habitats (Caspian Sea, Mediterranean Sea, central-western Atlantic Ocean). The comparison revealed no significant difference in genetic variation among temperate northern European sampling locations but showed variation when compared with native and other invaded habitats. No significant genetic difference was identified between specimens collected in the temperate northern European waters for two consecutive years. The very low interregional and interannual genetic variations in M. leidyi specimens in the Northeast Atlantic are consistent with the presence of one single panmictic population in northern European waters and with the hypothesis, also suggested in previous studies, that annual dispersal from the southeastern North Sea into the western Baltic Sea can be traced back to the same population, which most likely originates every spring from the Dutch Wadden Sea and the English Channel.- Book : 27(2)
- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
Abstract
We discuss several properties of two families of finite-range interactions in infinite nuclear matter, aiming in particular to their isovector properties. We find that the recent parameterisations of both Gogny and Nakada provide a reasonable description of the properties of the infinite medium as well as an equation of state capable of sustaining a two solar mass neutron star. We also discuss the pairing properties in the spin-singlet channel for both families of interactions.- Book : 61(2)
- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
Background: Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are extensively used in the pharmaceutical industry for producing complex proteins, primarily because of their ability to perform human-like post-translational modifications. However, the efficiency of high-quality protein production can vary significantly for monoclonal antibody-producing cell lines, within the CHO host cell lines or by extrinsic factors. Methods: To investigate the complex cellular mechanisms underlying this variability, a phosphoproteomics analysis was performed using label-free quantitative liquid chromatography after a phosphopeptide enrichment of recombinant CHO cells producing two different antibodies and a tunicamycin treatment experiment. Using MaxQuant and Perseus for data analysis, we identified 2109 proteins and quantified 4059 phosphosites. Results: Significant phosphorylation dynamics were observed in nuclear proteins of cells producing the difficult-to-produce 2G12 mAb. It suggests that the expression of 2G12 regulates nuclear pathways based on increases and decreases in phosphorylation abundance. Furthermore, a substantial number of changes in the phosphorylation pattern related to tunicamycin treatment have been detected. TM treatment affects, among other phosphoproteins, the eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (Eef2k). Conclusions: The alterations in the phosphorylation landscape of key proteins involved in cellular processes highlight the mechanisms behind stress-induced cellular responses.- Book : 13(1)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.9-9
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2025
AbstractAs the severity of climate change and its associated impacts continue to worsen, schemes for artificially cooling surface temperatures via planetary albedo modification are being studied. The method with the most attention in the literature is stratospheric sulfate aerosol intervention (SAI). Placing reflective aerosols in the stratosphere would have profound impacts on the entire Earth system, with potentially far‐reaching societal impacts. How global crop productivity would be affected by such an intervention strategy is still uncertain, and existing evidence is based on theoretical experiments or isolated modeling studies that use crop models missing key processes associated with SAI that affect plant growth, development, and ultimately yield. Here, we utilize three global gridded process‐based crop models to better understand the potential impacts of one SAI scenario on global maize productivity. Two of the crop models that simulate diffuse radiation fertilization show similar, yet small increases in global maize productivity from increased diffuse radiation. Three crop models show diverse responses to the same climate perturbation from SAI relative to the reference future climate change scenario. We find that future SAI implementation relative to a climate change scenario benefits global maize productivity ranging between 0% and 11% depending on the crop model. These production increases are attributed to reduced surface temperatures and higher fractions of diffuse radiation. The range across model outcomes highlights the need for more systematic multi‐model ensemble assessments using multiple climate model forcings under different SAI scenarios.- Book : 13(2)
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2025
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- Pub. Date : 2025
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