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2025
Developing sustainable and green packaging products that protect foods and preserve their unique properties from UV radiation, which causes photochemical damage, is one of the extensive challenges in the food-packaging industry. Accordingly, carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (CMC)/graphene (G) nanocomposites that contained different weight percentages were prepared by a mechanical milling method. The influence of the G on the chemical composition and optical properties of the nanocomposites were studied by different techniques. SEM and FT-IR analyses confirmed the interaction between the CMC and G. The XRD spectrum showed that the crystallite size of the CMC decreased with G addition. The findings showed that changing the G concentration modified the CMC’s optical properties. The CMC’s transmittance decreased to 52%, 49%, and 57% in the UV-C (200–280), UV-B (280–320 nm), and UV-A (320–400) regions, respectively, with the addition of 2 wt.% of G. Moreover, the optical band gap decreased to 4.80 eV, while the Urbach energy increased from 0.34 to 0.94 eV as the G content increased. The density functional theory (DFT) assumption was followed to establish the electronic properties and vibrational spectrum of the CMC/G model. The theoretically determined IR and experimental FT-IR spectra of the CMC/G nanocomposites showed good agreement. The obtained results show that these nanocomposites are good candidates for food packaging.- Book : 17(3)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.391-391
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2025
In this study, we first analyzed data from 147 patients with solitary plasmacytomas treated at the Mayo Clinic between 2005 and 2022 and then expanded our investigation through a systematic review and meta-analysis of 62 studies, encompassing 3,487 patients from the years 1960 to 2022. Our findings reveal that patients with up to 10% clonal plasma cells in their bone marrow (BM), denoted as plasmacytoma +, had a significantly reduced median disease-free survival (DFS) of 15.7 months vs. 79 months, p<0.05, observed in patients with true solitary plasmacytomas, with no clonal cells in the BM. Risk factors identified for shorter DFS included the presence of clonal plasma cells in the marrow and a DFLC > 5 mg/dl. The meta-analysis portion of our study highlighted a male predominance among patients, with a median age of 58, and confirmed radiation therapy as the predominant treatment modality. We also found that DFS rates at 3, 5, and 10 years were 66.9%, 55%, and 42.1%, respectively, and noted a significant difference in outcomes between patients with bone and extramedullary plasmacytomas, with the latter group exhibiting better survival rates. This dual-faceted approach provides a thorough overview of survival rates and critical risk factors for plasmacytoma patients, underscoring the vital role of accurate disease staging at diagnosis and the impact of tumor location on patient prognosis.- Book : ()
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page :
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2025
In the present study, four new species, Geastrum artocarpicola, G. fibulatum, G. sinense and G. trachelium collected from China, are proposed based on a combination of morphological characteristics and molecular evidence. Geastrum artocarpicola is characterized by shallowly saccate to deep saccate exoperidium, bubble-shaped to flask shaped basidia, spherical basidiospores. G. fibulatum is characterized by shallowly saccate to deep saccate exoperidium, spherical basidiospores, generative hyphae with clamp connections in the mycelium layer. G. sinense has arched exoperidium, long stipe expanded basidiomata, and spherical basidiospores. G. trachelium has deep saccate exoperidium, flask-shaped basidia, and spherical basidiospores. Sequences of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS), large subunit (nrLSU), the largest subunit of ribosomal polymerase II (RPB1), and subunit 6 of ATP synthase (ATP6) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) markers of the studied samples were generated, and the phylogenetic analyses were performed with maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference methods. The results showed that our collection clustered within Geastrum but distinctly from the others. Full morphological descriptions, illustrations, and phylogenetic analyses results for the four new species are provided. In addition, G. sanglinense is treated as a synonym of beijingense.- Book : 113()
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.73-100
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2025
Abstract2D materials, including transition metal dichalcogenides, are attractive for a variety of applications in electronics as well as photonics and have recently been envisioned as an appealing platform for phonon polaritonics. However, their direct characterization in the terahertz spectral region, of interest for retrieving, e.g., their phonon response, represents a major challenge, due to the limited sensitivity of typical terahertz spectroscopic tools and the weak interaction of such long‐wavelength radiation with sub‐nanometer systems. In this work, by exploiting an ad‐hoc engineered metallic surface enabling a ten‐thousand‐fold local absorption boost, enhanced terahertz spectroscopy of a monolayer transition metal dichalcogenide (tungsten diselenide) is performed and its dipole‐active phonon resonance features are extracted. In addition, these data are used to obtain the monolayer effective permittivity around its phonon resonance. Via the direct terahertz characterization of the phonon response of such 2D systems, this method opens the path to the rational design of phonon polariton devices exploiting monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides.- Book : ()
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page :
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2025
Two-stroke spark ignition engines are widely used in Unmanned Aerial
Vehicles. Aviation kerosene offers advantages over aviation gasoline due to
its higher flash point and lower volatility, making it likely to be adopted
more widely in the future. However, the poor evaporation and atomization
characteristics of aviation kerosene result in suboptimal ignition
performance, especially in the engine start-up phase. To explore the fitting
mixture concentration and temperature conditions for achieving better
ignition performance of aviation kerosene, A series of experimental studies
are conducted on a two-stroke engine. The intrinsic factors affecting engine
performance are analyzed. The experimental results indicate that optimal
ignition characteristics, maximum power output, and a reduced misfire rate
can be achieved at mixture concentration of 0.6 and mixture temperature of
80?C. Furthermore, the misfire rate is most sensitive to the combustion
duration, while the cyclic variations show significant sensitivity to
ignition delay. The results provide guidance for optimizing ignition
performance during the start-up phase of two-stroke engines fueled with
aviation kerosene.- Book : (00)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.18-18
- Keyword :
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2025
To explore the influencing factors of explosion accidents caused by gasoline
leakage in a confined space, the effects of ignition delay time, ignition
energy, initial pressure, initial temperature and mass concentration on
gasoline vapor explosion pressure and flame propagation velocity were
investigated using a 20 L spherical explosion vessel. The dynamic explosion
temperature distribution of gasoline vapor was mapped by the colorimetric
thermometry, and the results demonstrated that the optimal ignition delay
time, ignition energy and mass concentration of gasoline vapor in the
confined space were 100 ms, 100 J and 160 g/m3, respectively. When the
initial pressure was 0.11 MPa, the deflagration pressure of gasoline vapor
explosion reached the maximum of 1.08 MPa. The influence of the increasing
initial temperature on the maximum explosion pressure rise rate of gasoline
was greater than that on the explosion pressure and combustion duration.
When the mass concentration of gasoline vapor was 160 g/m3, the flame
propagation velocity and average temperature both obtained their maximum
values of 1.23 m/s and 2271 K, respectively. The research results were
conductive to reveal the mechanism of explosion accidents caused by gasoline
leakage in a confined space, and may provide theoretical guidance for safe
storage and transportation of gasoline.- Book : (00)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.17-17
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2025
Abstract
We present a 19.7–214 μm imaging atlas of local (4–181 Mpc; median 43 Mpc) active galactic nuclei (AGN) observed with FORCAST and HAWC+ on board the SOFIA telescope with angular resolutions ~3″–20″. This atlas comprises 22 Seyferts (17 Type 2 and five Type 1) with a total of 69 images, 41 of which have not been previously published. The AGN span a range of luminosities of
log
10
(
L
bol
[
erg
s
-
1
]
)
=
[
42
,
46
]
with a median of
log
10
(
L
bol
[
erg
s
−
1
]
)
=
44.1
±
1.0
. We provide the total fluxes of our sample using aperture photometry for point-source objects and a 2D Gaussian fitting for objects with extended host galaxy emission, which was used to estimate the unresolved nuclear component. Most galaxies in our sample are pointlike sources; however, four sources (Centaurus A, Circinus, NGC 1068, and NGC 4388) show extended emission in all wavelengths. The 30–40 μm extended emission in NGC 4388 is coincident with the narrow-line region at PA ~ 50°, while the dusty extension at longer wavelengths arises from the host galaxy at PA ~ 90°. Our new observations allow us to construct the best-sampled parsec-scales (spectral energy distributions, SEDs) available between 30 and 500 μm for a sample of nearby AGN. We estimate that the average peak wavelength of the nuclear SEDs is ~40 μm in νF
ν
, which we associate with an unresolved extended dusty region heated by the AGN.- Book : 276(2)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.64-64
- Keyword :
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2025
Tetraploidy is a condition in which the entire set of chromosomes doubles, most often due to errors during cell division. Tetraploidy can lead to genomic instability and significant consequences, in particular metastasis and treatment failure in tumours, including radiotherapy. The development of new strategies to sensitise these cells to treatment is of great importance. In our study, we investigated the in vitro combination of chemical treatment with the kinase inhibitor SP600125 and irradiation on diploid versus metastatic tetraploid RKO colon cancer clones. We assessed mitochondrial transmembrane potential, cell cycle and subG1 population by flow cytometry and performed clonogenic assays to evaluate cell sensitivity. We found that the combination overcomes irradiation resistance in metastatic tetraploid clones. To identify the main pathway involved in cell sensitivity, we screened the Harvard Medical School KINOMEscan library and performed a gene ontology biological process analysis. We found that the major kinases inhibited by SP600125 were ANKK1, BIKE, IKKA, JNK1, MP2K3, MP2K4, MKNK2, MYLK, PLK4, RPS6KA4(Kin,Dom,1), MYLK4 and TTK, and the pathways involved in clone sensitivity were DNA damage repair, radiation resistance and apoptosis, through JNK pathway inhibition. Finally, our main finding was that combined treatment with SP600125 and radiotherapy reduced the resistance of metastatic tetraploid cells to treatment, essentially by inhibiting the JNK pathway. This result supports a promising anti-cancer strategy to overcome the resistance of tetraploid cancer cells to irradiation.- Book : 26(3)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.1209-1209
- Keyword :
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2025
Incomplete cuts during laser fusion cutting result in a closed kerf, preventing the workpiece from detaching from the sheet and resulting in rework or rejection. We demonstrate the approach of a vision transformer, used for image classification, to detect cut interruption during laser fusion cutting in steel and aluminum. With events impending an incomplete cut in steel, we attempt to predict cut interruption before they even occur. To build a data set for training, cutting experiments are carried out with a 4 kW fiber laser, forcing incomplete cuts by varying the process parameters such as laser power and feed rate. The thermal radiation from the process zone during the cutting process is captured with a size of 256 × 256 px2 at sample rates of 20 × 103 fps. The kerf is recorded with a spectral sensitivity between 400 and 700 nm, without external illumination, which enables the melt to be observed in the range of the visual spectrum. The vision transformer model, which is used for image classification, splits the image into patches, linearly embedded with an added position embedding, and fed to a standard transformer encoder. For training the model, a set of images was labeled for the respective classes of a complete, incomplete, and impending incomplete cut. With the trained model, incomplete cuts in steel and aluminum can then be recognized and impending incomplete cuts in steel can be predicted in advance.- Book : 37(1)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page :
- Keyword :
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2025
- Book : ()
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.1-7
- Keyword :
