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2025
Background/Objectives: Although malaria is one of the oldest known human diseases, it continues to be a major global health challenge. According to UNICEF, the global malaria mortality rate exceeded 600,000 annually in 2022, which includes more than 1000 children dying each day. This study aimed to investigate the comprehensive chemical profile and biological activities, particularly the antimalarial activity, of Lycium shawii (Awsaj), a shrub traditionally used in the Arabian Peninsula, Middle East, India, and Africa to treat a myriad of ailments. Methods: Crude extracts of L. shawii were prepared using water, ethanol, methanol, and acetone. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (MS) were utilized to perform untargeted metabolomics to maximize metabolite detection and tentatively identify bioactive phytochemicals. The total phenolic content (TPC) was measured for each extract, and bioassays were conducted to evaluate their antimalarial, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities, particularly those of the water extract, which is the traditional method of consumption in Arabian folk medicine. Results: A total of 148 metabolites were detected, 45 of which were classified as phytochemicals. The bioassays revealed that the water extract that is traditionally used showed promising antimalarial potential by significantly inhibiting β-hematin formation in vitro at 1 mg/mL (with an absorbance of 0.140 ± 0.027). This is likely due to the rich presence of quinoline in the aqueous extract among several other bioactive phytochemicals, such as phenylpropanoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, and benzenoids. However, their anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities were found to be weak, with only a minor inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells at a concentration of 500 µg/mL and weak antibacterial effects against pathogens like P. aeruginosa, MRSA, A. baumannii, and K. pneumoniae with an MIC of 500 μg/mL. The results also revealed that the methanolic extract had the highest TPC at 26.265 ± 0.005 mg GAE/g. Conclusions: The findings support the traditional medicinal use of L. shawii and highlight its potential as a source of novel therapeutic compounds, particularly for treating malaria. This study encourages further research to isolate and develop effective plant-based anti-malarial agents.- Book : 15(2)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.84-84
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2025
Monitoring patient doses on CT Scans in hospitals very important, it must be monitored periodically especially in DRL monitoring of CT Examination. There is still a need for socialization regarding the need for radiation monitoring of high dose radiation in CT Scan used. The DRL was related to efforts to optimize radiation protection must be monitored periodically on CTDI Vol and DLP for lowest possible dose and optimum image quality results. Determination of DRL values from 75% percentile from recording mean CTDI vol and total DLP MSCT examination of head and abdomen non-contrast. The overall results obtained from the Head MSCT examination DRL as follows: DRL on CTDI Vol from Quarters I-IV obtained 63.45 mGy, exceeding the standards IDRL requirement of 60 mGy. Meanwhile, DRL in DLP Total from Quarters I-IV was 1005.05-1096.45 mGy.cm which was lower than IDRL 1275 mGy.cm. Meanwhile, the results of the DRL on theAbdominal MSCT are as follows: Quarter I-IV is 9.35-10.31 mGy below the IDRL that was17 mGy. Meanwhile, local DRL from QuartersI-IV obtained: 401.34 - 428.73 mGy.cm below IDRL which was 885 mGy.cm, its suitable with Decree of the Head of Bapeten Number 1211/K/V/2021.- Book : 605()
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.02009-02009
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- Book : 13()
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.10252-10264
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2025
ABSTRACTPurposeThis study aimed to identify prognostic factors and develop a nomogram for survival in patients with brainstem ependymoma.MethodsData of 652 patients diagnosed with brainstem ependymoma extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry from 2000 to 2020 were analyzed. Univariate and multivariable Cox regression analyses were performed to examine factors influencing overall survival (OS). Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and calibration curves were used to verify the nomogram. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to analyze OS based on treatment methods stratification or different age patterns.ResultsSix independent prognostic factors of patients with brainstem ependymoma were identified, including age, race, marital status, radiation, gross total resection (GTR), and histology. A comprehensive nomogram model was developed utilizing these predictors identified through multivariable Cox regression analysis. Furthermore, we found that patients with GTR have improved overall survival than patient with no surgery and biopsy only or with partial resection (GTR vs. no: p = 0.0004, GTR vs. partial resection: p = 0.022). Patients with radiation have improved overall survival than patient without radiation (p = 0.00013). Patients with GTR combined radiation therapy have improved overall survival than patient without or with GTR or radiation therapy only (p < 0.0001). Different treatment methods have no significant difference in the overall survival probability of the elderly group.ConclusionsIndividuals who are Black and anaplastic ependymomas were negative risk factors for brainstem ependymoma associated with an increased risk of mortality. Patients aged < 50 years with GTR and radiation always had better survival.- Book : 14(2)
- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
Background: The prognostic impact of internal carotid artery (ICA) invasion in nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) patients is not well established. Thus, we conducted a retrospective study to analyze the prognostic factors for ICA invasion by NPC. Methods: This retrospective study included consecutive biopsy-proven NPC patients who received CCRT from November 2015 to December 2022 at E-Da Hospital. Patients were then classified into two groups according to ICA invasion by tumor or not. Survival was estimated by the Kaplan–Meier method with a five-year overall survival (OS) rate and five-year disease specific survival (DSS) rate. Results: A total of 191 patients with pathologically confirmed NPC were included in this study, with 54 patients in the ICA invasion group and 137 patients in the no ICA invasion group. The ICA invasion group showed a worse prognosis compared to the no ICA invasion group (p < 0.001 in OS and DSS). Patients were stratified into a poor response group and good response group. OS and DSS in the poor response group had a significant difference compared to the good response group (both p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, NLR was an independently prognostic factor for OS (HR 2.430, 95% CI 1.040–5.678, p = 0.040 and HR 0.412, 95% CI 0.176–0.962, p = 0.040, respectively) and for DSS (HR 2.430, 95% CI 1.040–5.678, p = 0.040 and HR 0.412, 95% CI 0.176–0.962, p = 0.040, respectively). Conclusions: Locally advanced NPC patients with ICA invasion have a miserable outcome and NLR represents a significant prognostic factor that impacts treatment decisions and survival.- Book : 17(3)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.488-488
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