Glioblastoma (GBM) tumors exhibit extensive genomic, epigenomic, and transcriptional diversity, with significant intratumoral heterogeneity, complicating standard treatment approaches involving radiation (RT) and the DNA-alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ). In this study, we employed an integrative multi-omics approach, including targeted proteomics, transcriptomics, genomics, and DNA methylation profiling, to investigate the response of a representative panel of GBM patient-derived cancer stem cells (CSCs) to astrocytic differentiation and RT and TMZ treatments. Differentiated CSC progenies retained the expression of key stemness genes and survival pathways, while activating the BMP-Smad signaling pathway and upregulating extracellular matrix components. This was associated with increased resistance to TMZ, though not to RT, across all models. We identified TP53 status as a critical determinant of transcriptional response to both RT and TMZ, which was also modulated by the differentiation state and treatment modality in wildtype (wt) p53 GBM cells. Both mutant and wt p53 models exhibited significant activation of the DNA-damage associated interferon (IFN) response in CSCs and differentiated cells, implicating this pathway in the GBM response to therapy. We observed that activation of NF-κB was positively correlated with the levels of O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) protein, a direct DNA repair enzyme leading to TMZ resistance, regardless of MGMT promoter methylation status, further supporting the clinical potential for inhibition of NF-kB signaling in GBM treatment. Our integrative analysis of the impact of GBM cell developmental states, in the context of genomic and molecular diversity of patient-derived models, provides valuable insights for pre-clinical studies aimed at optimizing treatment strategies.

• Book : 20(2)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.e0315171-e0315171
• Keyword :

Abstract The vibrationally resolved ground state Yacora model for H2 (Yacora H2(X1, v)) has&#xD;been used to calculate the vibrational distribution and thus from the cross-sections of the&#xD;Yacora H2(X1, v) model effective rate coefficients for molecular processes relevant to&#xD;detachment. A reduced and extended implementation of Yacora H2(X1, v) was constructed&#xD;to form EIRENE-style databases for use in SOLPS-ITER. The reduced implementation&#xD;utilises the same processes as EIRENE, but with updated cross-sectional data, whilst the&#xD;extended implementation adds additional processes. The improved cross-sectional data&#xD;lowers the threshold for molecular charge exchange compared to AMJUEL, whilst the&#xD;inclusion of the additional processes boosts the vibrational excitation in the molecular&#xD;ground state providing the additional excitation energy required for molecular charge&#xD;exchange to be significant at low temperatures (Te < 5 eV ). When applied to a&#xD;SOLPS-ITER isolated divertor leg setup, both implementations produce greater levels of&#xD;molecular charge exchange that result in elevated molecular ion densities (D2+) than the&#xD;default rate setup. The higher levels of D2+ contribute to detachment via increased levels of&#xD;Molecular Activated Recombination and Molecular Activated Dissociation. These&#xD;plasma-molecular interactions elevate the neutral population. During detachment this has&#xD;a strong impact on power and momentum losses, as well as elevated levels of Balmer α line&#xD;emission and an earlier onset of the ion target flux rollover. These effects are strongest&#xD;when the extended database is used.

• Book : ()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page :
• Keyword :

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) has been a well-known therapy since years ago, especially for renal stones less than 20 mm. This study compared the effectiveness of totally ultrasound-guided (US-guided) and fluoroscopy-guided (FS-guided) SWL in treating renal and ureteral stones. A protocol has been registered in PROSPERO databases for systematic reviews. A systematic literature search was conducted in five online databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, EMBASE, ProQuest, and Scopus). We included all available articles that compared the effectiveness and safety of US-SWL to FS-SWL. A risk of bias assessment was done using Risk of Bias (Rob) Tools for randomized interventional studies and Risk of bias in non-randomized studies interventions (ROBINS-I) Tools for Non-randomized studies. The primary outcome was the stone-free rate, and the secondary outcome was the complication rate. Subgroup analyses were performed for adult and pediatric groups. A comprehensive literature search identified seven comparative articles that matched the criteria: two randomized trials and six retrospective cohort studies comprising 1,255 patients (609 using US-SWL). The results revealed a significant difference in overall stone-free rates between US-guided and FS-guided SWL RR 0.76(95% CI; 0.61-0.95, p=0.02) and in adults RR 0.76(95% CI; 0.60-0.96), but not children groups RR 0.68(95% CI; 0.24-1.88). US-SWL might be favourable due to the radiation-free procedure and real-time presentation. Complication rates were low, and no life-threatening complications were reported. In conclusion, US-guided SWL is more effective than FS-guided SWL for treating renal stones, with a low incidence of complications. Further randomized controlled trials with larger populations are needed to explore the comparison more accurately.

• Book : 14()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.181-181
• Keyword :

This study is focused on the sorption properties and the changes in the structure and state of Ti-25Al-25Nb (at.%) system alloys under thermal cyclic loading. These samples were produced by combining high-energy processing methods through mechanization and spark plasma sintering in the temperature range of 1100–1300 °C, followed by two-stage heat treatment at temperatures of 800 °C and 1250 °C. Thermal cyclic experiments on hydrogen sorption/desorption with samples of the Ti-25Al-25Nb (at.%) system were conducted at the VIKA experimental installation at a saturation temperature of about 500 °C and a degassing temperature of 610 °C. It took about 41 min to reach pressure equilibrium at 500 °C. The hydrogen diffusion coefficient was calculated based on the Barrer formula and was 9.1 × 10−5 cm2/s at 500 °C. The maximum hydrogen content was recorded after the first sorption/desorption cycle and was 1.91 wt%. Due to the multiple thermal cyclic effects in the hydrogen medium, the predominantly two-phase (O + B2) alloy structure underwent transformation to form a new structure (O-AlNbTi2). In the phase composition of the Ti-25Al-25Nb (at.%) alloy, the formation of hydrides in the form of independent phases as a result of thermal cycling was not detected. Hydrogen absorption is most likely to be associated with the formation of an interstitial solution based on existing crystalline phases.

• Book : 15(2)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.173-173
• Keyword :

• Book : ()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page :
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Abstract Background and purpose Approximately 8.94% to 44.44% of non-enhancing adult-type diffuse gliomas are identified as glioblastomas. Our purpose is to develop a nomogram that can predict glioblastomas from non-enhancing adult-type diffuse gliomas. Materials and Methods Non-enhancing adult-type diffuse gliomas were collected from Beijing Tiantan Hospital and TCIA public database. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed to screen features on the training set. The features with P&lt;0.05 in multivariate logistic regression were used to establish the prediction model. The testing and validation sets were used to test the model. Results A total of 557 and 67 non-enhancing adult-type diffuse gliomas were collected from Beijing Tiantan Hospital and TCIA, respectively. The T2-FLAIR mismatch sign exhibited 100% specificity but low sensitivity (&lt; 30%) in ruling out glioblastoma. Age, tumor location, rADC(kurtosis), and rADC(median) were identified as independent predictors and employed for developing the prediction model. The AUC of the model was 0.901, 0.861, and 0.945 in the training, testing, and validation set, respectively. The best cutoff value of nomoscore was 138.5, which achieved sensitivity of 0.935, 0.714, and 0.895, specificity of 0.777, 0.782, and 0.8775 in the training, testing, and validation sets, respectively. Survival analysis shown that patients with nomoscore above 138.5 had significantly poorer survival time than those with scores below 138.5. Conclusions Positive T2-FLAIR mismatch sign can effectively rule out glioblastoma in non-enhancing adult-type diffuse gliomas with high specificity. Non-enhancing adult-type diffuse gliomas with nomoscore above 138.5 are highly suspicious for glioblastoma or non-glioblastoma with a poor prognosis.

• Book : ()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page :
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The density dependence of nuclear symmetry energy Esym(ρ) remains the most uncertain aspect of the equation of state (EOS) of supradense neutron-rich nucleonic matter. Utilizing an isospin-dependent parameterization of the nuclear EOS, we investigate the implications of the observational crustal fraction of the neutron star (NS) moment of inertia ΔI/I for the Esym(ρ). We find that symmetry energy parameters significantly influence the ΔI/I, while the EOS of symmetric nuclear matter has a negligible effect. In particular, an increase in the slope L and skewness Jsym of symmetry energy results in a larger ΔI/I, whereas an increase in the curvature Ksym leads to a reduction in ΔI/I. Moreover, the ΔI/I is shown to have the potential for setting a lower limit of symmetry energy at densities exceeding 3ρ0, particularly when L is constrained to values less than 60 MeV, thereby enhancing our understanding of supradense NS matter.

• Book : 8(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.12-12
• Keyword :

The probabilities for γ-ray and particle emission as a function of the excitation energy of a decaying nucleus are valuable observables for constraining the ingredients of the models that describe the deexcitation of nuclei near the particle emission threshold. These models are essential in nuclear astrophysics and applications. In this paper, we have for the first time simultaneously measured the γ-ray and neutron emission probabilities of Pb208. The measurement was performed in inverse kinematics at the Experimental Storage Ring (ESR) of the GSI/FAIR facility, where a Pb208 beam interacted through the Pb208(p,p′) reaction with a hydrogen gas jet target. Instead of detecting the γ rays and neutrons emitted by Pb208, we detected the heavy beamlike residues produced after γ and neutron emission. These heavy residues were fully separated by a dipole magnet of the ESR and were detected with outstanding efficiencies. The comparison of the measured probabilities with model calculations has allowed us to test and select different descriptions of the γ-ray strength function and the nuclear level density available in the literature. Published by the American Physical Society 2025

• Book : 111(2)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page :
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Abstract In all three domains of life, genes with related functions can be organized into specific genomic regions known as gene clusters. In eukaryotes, histone, piRNA (Piwi-interacting RNA), and rDNA (ribosomal DNA) clusters are among the most notable clusters which play fundamental roles in chromatin formation, genome integrity, and translation, respectively. These clusters have long been thought to be regulated by distinct transcriptional mechanisms. In this study, using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model system we identify ATTF-6, a member of the AT-hook family, as a key factor for the expression of histone, piRNA, and 5S rDNA-SL1 (spliced leader 1) clusters. ATTF-6 is essential for C. elegans viability. It forms distinct nuclear foci at both piRNA and 5S rDNA-SL1 clusters. Loss of ATTF-6 leads to a depletion of histone mRNAs, SL1 transcripts, and piRNAs. Additionally, we demonstrate that ATTF-6 is required for the recruitment of USTC (Upstream Sequence Transcription Complex) to piRNA clusters, which is necessary for piRNA production. Collectively, our findings reveal a unifying role for an AT-hook transcription factor in promoting the expression of fundamental gene clusters.

• Book : 53(4)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page :
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Abstract We investigate the relative yields of various like and unlike mass hadrons in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions (URHIC). In the framework of thermal model a strong evidence of strangeness imbalance is observed in the experiments at lower collision energies relative to non-strange particles, particularly pions. The study indicates that like mass particle ratios in the system at the chemical freeze-out in URHIC can be described effectively by considering baryons (antibaryons) as point like as well as finite size particles which imitates hard-core repulsive interactions leading to an excluded volume type effect. In this analysis, we employ the statistical Hadron Resonance Gas (HRG) model for both cases. A comparison between the two cases is provided. However, the importance of considering baryons (antibaryons) as finite size particles is revealed in the description of baryon to meson ratios. Best fits to particle ratios are obtained using $\chi^{2}$-minimization procedure. For the case of finite-size baryons (antibaryons), we find that considering their hard-core radii allows us to fit the available antibaryon-to-baryon and baryon (antibaryon)-to-pion ratio experimental data simultaneously quite well with the same model parameter values. Moreover, our results align well with the proton radius puzzle observed in the muonic hydrogen measurement data. Furthermore, the study reveals two distinct chemical freeze-out stages in both cases, where the earlier one corresponds to baryonic (hyperonic) and antibaryonic (antihyperonic) states and a later one to mesonic degrees of freedom. A comparison of freeze-out lines obtained from both the cases is made along with the results of some earlier studies.

• Book : ()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page :
• Keyword :