Abstract Terrestrial exoplanets around M- and K-type stars are important targets for atmospheric characterization. Such planets are likely tidally locked with the order of spin–orbit resonances (SORs) depending on eccentricity. We explore the impact of SORs on 3D atmospheric dynamics and chemistry, employing a 3D coupled climate-chemistry model to simulate Proxima Centauri b in 1:1 and 3:2 SORs. For a 1:1 SOR, Proxima Centauri b is in the Rhines rotator circulation regime with dominant zonal gradients (global mean surface temperature 229 K). An eccentric 3:2 SOR warms Proxima Centauri b to 262 K with gradients in the meridional direction. We show how a complex interplay between stellar radiation, orbit, atmospheric circulation, and (photo)chemistry determines the 3D ozone distribution. Spatial variations in ozone column densities align with the temperature distribution and are driven by stratospheric circulation mechanisms. Proxima Centauri b in a 3:2 SOR demonstrates additional atmospheric variability, including daytime–nighttime cycles in water vapor of +55% to −34% and ozone (±5.2%) column densities and periastron–apastron water vapor cycles of +17% to −10%. Synthetic emission spectra for the spectral range of the Large Interferometer For Exoplanets fluctuate by up to 36 ppm with the orbital phase angle for a 1:1 SOR due to 3D spatial and temporal asymmetries. The homogeneous atmosphere for the 3:2 SOR results in relatively constant emission spectra and provides an observational discriminant from the 1:1 SOR. Our work emphasizes the importance of understanding the 3D nature of exoplanet atmospheres and associated spectral variations to determine habitability and interpret atmospheric spectra.

• Book : 6(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.5-5
• Keyword :

• Book : ()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page :
• Keyword :

• Book : ()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page :
• Keyword :

Copper oxidation at low temperatures below 140 ◦C and its effects on corrosive behavior in aerobic groundwater are investigated to estimate the intactness of canisters at early stages of disposal. The Cu coupon surface is covered by fine particles that form thin oxide layers after 30 d of oxidation; a thin Cu2O layer of thickness <100 nm is formed after oxidation at 40 ◦C; after oxidation at 140 ◦C, the Cu2O surface changes to a CuO layer of thickness <500 nm. The thickness of the Cu surface oxidized at 90 ◦C is between those of the surfaces oxidized at 40 and 140 ◦C. All Cu coupons exhibit similar current densities ranging from 0.77 to 1.87 μA cm􀀀 2, although the corrosion potential of the Cu coupon layered with Cu2O is higher than that of the others. Long-term oxidation tests for 406 d reveal no significant changes in the Cu surface at temperatures below 90 ◦C, indicating no significant change in the electrochemical behavior. The results of this study suggest that the storage of canisters at temperatures below 90 ◦C has no significant effect on the degradation of canister performance in long-term disposal

• Book : 57(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.1-7
• Keyword :

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigates the impact of Titin (TTN) gene mutations on radiotherapy sensitivity in rectum adenocarcinoma (READ) by examining changes in the tumour immune microenvironment.MethodsData on gene expression and mutations in READ were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) databases. Bioinformatics analysis explored the correlation between TTN mutations and immune cell infiltration. In vitro, lentiviral vectors were used to assess TTN mutations' effects on ANKRD1 expression in two READ cell lines. ANKRD1 was overexpressed, and clonogenic assays evaluated radiotherapy sensitivity. Flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and comet assays examined mutations' impact on cell cycle, apoptosis, and DNA damage response (DDR). An in vivo mouse model and formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded samples from locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) patients before and after radiotherapy were analyzed, followed by prognostic evaluation.ResultsBioinformatics revealed that TTN mutations increase radiation sensitivity in LARC by slowing cell proliferation, promoting apoptosis, and reducing DDR. TTN mutations also inhibit ANKRD1 expression via JUN disruption and enhance CD4/CD8 T‐cell infiltration, improving anti‐tumour immunity and outcomes. Observations from the clinical study showed a substantial decline in ANKRD1 expression levels alongside a notable surge in the counts of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells after undergoing radiotherapy. Patients with TTN mutations, low ANKRD1 expression, and high densities of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells had longer 3‐year disease‐free survival in READ.ConclusionOur findings reveal that TTN mutations can serve as biomarkers for enhanced radiotherapy sensitivity in READ. By altering the tumour's immune microenvironment, these mutations may provide a novel target for personalized radiotherapy strategies, potentially improving therapeutic outcomes in patients with READ.Highlights The association between TTN mutations and tumour mutation burden, as well as immune cell infiltration in READ, is examined. TTN mutations enhance the radiation sensitivity of READ cells and weaken DNA damage repair in response to radiation. TTN mutations increase the radiation sensitivity of READ cells by inhibiting ANKRD1. The infiltration of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells induced by TTN mutations is essential for anti‐tumour immunity. TTN mutations serve as a biomarker for the pathological response to preoperative radiotherapy in READ.

• Book : 15(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page :
• Keyword :

• Book : 51()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.100912-100912
• Keyword :

This study evaluated the effectiveness of low-cost eucalyptus biochar (EUBC) as a precursor for activated carbon (EUAC), for methyl orange (MO) removal and supercapacitor applications.

• Book : ()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page :
• Keyword :

• Book : ()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page :
• Keyword :

• Book : ()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page :
• Keyword :

Traditional antitumor methods of special treatment for malignant neoplasms are open surgery, chemo- and radiation therapy, and, in recent years, immunotherapy. At the same time, they are associated with a number of unfavorable factors (primarily during the surgical stage of special treatment), such as long periods of patients’ hospital stay and subsequent recovery. One of the main goals of technological and medical research in the field of combating malignant neoplasms is to significantly reduce local, regional and systemic side effects compared with traditional methods of treatment and provide additional therapeutic opportunities in cases where traditional methods are ineffective. Not so long ago, relatively new methods of antitumor treatment have been introduced into clinical practice, such as radiofrequency, laser, microwave and cryoablation, and high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), which is currently being intensively improved as a non-invasive method of treating a number of primary as well as recurrent solid tumors and metastatic diseases. The article presents in a quite brief form the stages of HIFU method formation, methodological aspects and physical foundations of HIFU therapy, as well as very positive results already achieved in clinical application of this method for the treatment of malignant tumors.

• Book : 105(4)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.224-231
• Keyword :