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  • 2024

    Abstract Radon is a well-known precursor for geodynamic events such as earthquakes and volcanic tremors. Radon concentration variations in soil gas have been monitored worldwide, and extreme radon values have been identified as radon anomalies associated with geodynamic events. A radon time series contains many noise signals, primarily based on meteorological effects. Therefore, detecting anomalies from values outside the mean plus a few standard deviations or from values outside the average distribution threshold may not always yield good results. Instead of analyzing specific radon anomalies, an alternative method can be used to analyze the trend changes in the radon time series. This study examines locally estimated scatterplot smoothing (LOESS) to identify changes in the trend of the radon time series. During the two-year period of measurements, two separate groups with radon concentration anomalies and anomaly mechanisms were identified. In the first group, radon increases before the earthquake and decreases after the earthquake, while in the second group it shows the opposite behavior.
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    • Pub. Date : 2024
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  • 2024

    Abstract Background: Epithelioma originates from the ependymal epithelial cells on the surface of the ventricles of the brain and is a rare tumor lacking a prognostic prediction model. Our study aims to establish a column chart to predict the over all survival of patients with ependymoma. Method: The data used is from the SEER (Surveying, Epidemiology, and End Results; https://seer. cancer. gov/) database，Extract data from the database of patients with meningioma, including age,race, sex, grade, stage, surgery, tumor size, chemotherapy, radiation etc.Using Excel software,determine the optimal cutoff point, use univariate and multivariate cox regression to screen for risk factors in the over all and cancer specific survival prognostic models, establish nomogram models using meaningful variables in multivariate analysis, and use the consistency index (C-index) and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) to evaluate the area below the line (AUC). Then evaluate the effectiveness of one prediction of the model.Result:The median survival time of Over all Survival (OS) is 118 months, and no median survival time of Cancer-specific Survival(CSS) was observed.After univariate and multivariate analysis, it was found that age, grade, stage, surgery, tumor size, and primary site were statistically significant risk factors for OS prognosis.CSS univariate analysis found that age, grade, stage, tuber size, and primary site were statistically significant, while multivariate analysis found that age, grade, tuber size, and primary site were statistically significant.Conclusion: A prognostic column chart has been established for patients with ependymoma, providing a basis for clinical doctors to evaluate the prognosis of patients with ependymoma.
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  • 2024

         The study of neutron-rich nuclei's form factors, root-mean-square radius (rms), and nuclear density distributions is the focus of this work for the nuclei (22N,23 O and 24F). With the use of a strong short-range effect and a strong tensor force, the nucleons distribution function of the two oscillating harmonic particles in a two-frequency shell model operates with two different parameters: the first (bcore), for the inner (core) orbits, and the second (bvalence) for the outer (halo) orbits. This work demonstrated the existence of neutron halo nuclei for the nuclei (22N, 23O and 24F) in the (2s1/2) shell. The computed density distribution of neutron, proton and matter for these nuclei displayed the long tail performance. Using the Borne approximation of the plane wave, the elastic form factor of the electron scattering from the alien nucleus was calculated, this form factor is independent of the neutrons that make up the halo, but rather it results from a difference in the proton density distribution of the last proton in the nuclei. Fortran 95 power station program was used to the neutron, proton and matter density, elastic electron scattering form factor, and rms radii. The calculated outcomes for these exotic nuclei were in good agreement with the experimental data.
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    • Pub. Date : 2024
    • Page : pp.706-717
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  • 2024

    Abstract In this study, the hydrogel (SAP-1) was prepared by grafting acrylic acid-co-acrylamide onto pullulan (Pul-g-Poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)) and the sponge hydrogel (SAP-2) was prepared by adding the surfactant sodium dodecyl benzene. sulfonate (SDBS) by free radical solution polymerization. Several properties were used to determine the efficiency of the prepared hydrogels such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), atomic absorption spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) to further understand the composition and properties of the hydrogels. On the other hand, the absorption kinetics were studied and analyzed with the experimental equilibrium capacities of the prepared hydrogels were determined. The results demonstrated that each of the prepared hydrogels is an effective adsorbent of cadmium (II), copper (II), and nickel (II) ions. SAP-2 gel is characterized by its high ability to absorb cadmium (II) ions at a rate of 190.72 mg/g, followed by SAP-1 gel for absorbing cadmium (II) ions at a rate of 146.9 mg/g and copper (II) ions at a rate of 154 mg/g. The hydrogel (SAP- 2) with its high ability to repeat the adsorption-absorption cycles 3 times for cadmium (II) ions, the absorption capacities were 190.72 mg/g, 100.43 mg/g, and 19.64 mg/g at first, second, and third cycles, respectively. Based on the above results, all the prepared hydrogels are good candidates for adsorption and desorption of cadmium (II), copper (II), and nickel (II) ions.
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  • 2024

    Abstract Few--nucleon scattering offers a good opportunities to study dynamical aspects of three-nucleon forces, that are momentum, spin and iso-spin dependent.In the paper, the experimental results of deuteron-proton elastic scattering at $¥sim ~¥rm 100$ MeV/nucleon obtained in the course of the study are presented.The experimental study of few-nucleon scattering has been recently extended to the proton-$^3 ¥mathrm{He}$ scatteringwith the aim of approaching the isospin $T=3/2$ channel in three-nucleon forces.The data are in comparison with the rigorous numerical calculationsbased on state-of-the-art nuclear potentials with three-nucleon forces.
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  • 2024

    Abstract Boswellic acids (BAs) showed promising effects in cancer treatment, immune response regulation, and anti-inflammatory therapy. We aimed to assess the roles of alpha-BA (α-BA) in treating acute wound healing. ELISA assay results indicated that α-BA treatment reduced the production of inflammatory cytokines and increased the protein levels of epidermal growth factor (EGF). Cell function experiments demonstrated that α-BA suppressed the proliferation and migration ability of human hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (HSFBs), thereby favoring wound healing. Additionally, α-BA exerted a significantimpact on cell cycle progression. Mechanistically, the protein levels of key genes in nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB) signaling pathway, including cyclin D1, p65, IκBα, and p-IκBα, were downregulated by α-BA. Animal models further indicated that wound healing was notably accelerated in the α-BA group compared to the control group (P < 0.01). These findings suggest the potential of α-BA for development as a new agent for treating acute wound healing.
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  • 2024

    Here we provide a SOP to outline the correct procedures for performing Immunohistochemistry (IHC) to detect pathological TDP-43 in FFPE-preserved human tissue using the TDP-43 RNA Aptamer (TDP-43APT), as described in Spence and Waldron et al., 2024 published in Acta Neuropathologica (in press at the time of release of this SOP on01/03/2024) Users with access to Sequenza immunostaining racks and histological facilities (with fume hood) should be able to carry out all steps over two days. This protocol uses the TDP-43APT sequence published in Zacco et al., 2022. The sequence is: CGGUGUUGCU with a 3' Biotin-TEG modification, purified using HPLC, scale: 1.0 µM synthesis. Reference for citations of this method RNA aptamer reveals nuclear TDP-43 pathology is an early aggregation event that coincides with STMN-2 cryptic splicing and precedes clinical manifestation in ALS. Holly Spence*, Fergal M. Waldron*, Rebecca S. Saleeb, Anna-Leigh Brown, Olivia M. Rifai, Martina Gilodi, Fiona Read, Kristine, Roberts, Gillian Milne, Debbie Wilkinson, Judi O’Shaughnessy, Annalisa Pastore, Pietro Fratta, Neil Shneider, Gian Gaetano Tartaglia, Elsa Zacco, Mathew H. Horrocks, Jenna M. Gregory (2024). Acta Neuropathologica (in press at the time of release of this SOP on 01/03/2024). *equal contributions, ‡corresponding author


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  • 2024

    Abstract Nanoparticles derived from automobile exhaust may tend to travel hundreds of miles from their source of emissions and have an adverse impact on environmental health. Numerous studies have reported that the aquatic environment is known to be a natural recipient of environmental contaminants from the soil and air, which makes aquatic organisms vulnerable to contamination by ultrafine particles/nanoparticles. The present report aimed to investigate the cytogenotoxic potential of sublethal concentrations (0.05 ppm) of diesel and petrol automobile exhaust soot nanoparticles (DAESNPs and PAESNPs) in erythrocytes of the freshwater fish Channa punctatus. Morphological alterations (macrocytes, microcytes, kidney shaped, dacrocytes, notched, burr, sickle shaped and flask shaped), nuclear alterations (bean shaped, notched, lobbed, bud shaped, blebbed and condensed), MNs, oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis were assessed. Increased frequencies of morphological alterations ( average of 7.12 ± 0.71, and 7.24 ± 0.84 in DAESNP- and PAESNP- treated fish, respectively), nuclear alterations ( average of 10.60 ±1.97, and 11.99 ± 1.24 in DAESNP- and PAESNP- treated fish, respectively) and MNs (13.83 ± 0.16, and 11.83 ± 1.58 in DAESNP- and PAESNP- treated fish, respectively) were found. Similarly, compared with that in the control group, the level of malondialdehyde, a byproduct of lipid peroxidation was significantly greater, while the level of reduced glutathione was lower in the DAESNP- and PAESNP- exposed fish. The comet analysis parameters revealed that both DAESNPs and PAESNPs induced DNA damage. In addition, Annexin-V FITC/PI assay data demonstrated that DAESNPs and PAESNPs led to the induction of apoptosis. Our report suggested that morphological and nuclear alterations in the erythrocytes of experimental fish occur in response to genotoxic stress and oxidative stress induced by DAESNPs and PAESNPs. Nonetheless, the apoptosis provoked by DAESNPs and PAESNPs is due to DNA damage.
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  • 2024

    Purpose: review and systematisation of publications in scientific medical literature devoted to ultrasound examination of trauma patients at the prehospital stage.  Materials and methods: a   search in scientific databases SCOPUS, Cochrane, PubMed, Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI) by key words: polytrauma, haemorrhage, evacuation of victims, ultrasound examination (US) was carried out. We analysed 46  literature sources  —    2   domestic and 44  foreign,  including data of meta ‑ analyses and systematic reviews; 23   studied articles were published in the last 5  years.  Results:  according to a   number  of scientific studies, ultrasound examination can be successfully used in patients with polytrauma at the prehospital stage, including during air ambulance evacuation on board a   helicopter. Ultrasound examination according to the FAST protocol reduces the time to surgical intervention by 64–76%, reduces the need for radiation exposure, the incidence of complications after injury and the duration of the patient’s hospital stay. According to some authors, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of the method in detecting intra–abdominal injuries and haemorrhage are 28–76%, 83–97%, 87–96% and 37–94%, respectively, which makes it an important tool for examination of an urgent patient, especially with unstable haemodynamics, influencing the treatment tactics. For the paediatric population in the diagnosis of haemoperitoneum, according to a   meta‑analysis, the specificity of US leaves 95%, sensitivity   —  66%.  The method can be successfully applied in the work of aeromedical teams on board an air ambulance helicopter: according to a   systematic  review and meta‑analysis, the overall sensitivity of ultrasound in the diagnosis of pneumothorax during air ambulance evacuation is 61%, specificity  —  99%.  Conclusion: considering the analysed data from large randomised trials, meta‑analyses and systematic reviews, the use of ultrasound allows to make the right decisions regarding the tactics of treatment of the urgent patient, its transportation and choice of hospital, reduces the number of examinations, shortens the time to get the patient to the operating room and the duration of hospital stay, positively affects the outcome of the disease.
    • Book : 25(1)
    • Pub. Date : 2024
    • Page : pp.33-42
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  • 2024

    Abstract Isotopic activity ratios of the relevant radionuclides, detected at radionuclide stations within the international monitoring system (IMS) for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, play a crucial role in characterizing release events under assumed scenarios. This analysis involves radioactive gases initially released from an underground nuclear event resulting in radionuclide concentrations in a plume of air passing over an IMS station that are subsequently sampled by that station. Modeling this requires considering the post-shot radionuclide evolution of an assumed underground nuclear explosion, the simulations of atmospheric transport modelling, and, finally, the sample measurement. Activities collected in the samples are determined through spectrum analysis of sample measurements, and the activity concentrations are then estimated by assuming a constant concentration during sampling. While this assumption holds for radionuclides with relatively longer half-lives, that is, exceeding 7 times the sampling duration, challenges arise for the isotopes with short half-lives, such as 135Xe with half-life of 9.14 hours compared to the 12-hour collection duration for some noble gas systems. Therefore, this study investigates the decay correction during sampling using two approaches, 1) Interval constant concentration: the collection duration is divided into multiple intervals with a constant concentration assumed in each interval; 2) Decaying concentration: the activity collected in the sample is derived based on an analytical solution to the ordinary differential equations of the activity decay and ingrowth. The impact of these approaches on isotopic activity ratios is demonstrated in three cases with short half-lives, 140Ba/140La, and 133mXe/133Xe, and 135Xe/133Xe.
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