AbstractAtomic‐level designed electrocatalysts, including single‐/dual‐atom catalysts, have attracted extensive interests due to their maximized atom utilization efficiency and increased activity. Herein, a new electrocatalyst system termed as “atomic symbiotic‐catalyst”, that marries the advantages of typical single‐/dual‐atom catalysts while addressing their respective weaknesses, was proposed. In atomic symbiotic‐catalyst, single‐atom MNx and local carbon defects formed under a specific thermodynamic condition, act synergistically to achieve high electrocatalytic activity and battery efficiency. This symbiotic‐catalyst shows greater structural precision and preparation accessibility than those of dual‐atom catalysts owing to its reduced complexity in chemical space. Meanwhile, it outperforms the intrinsic activities of conventional single‐atom catalysts due to multi‐active‐sites synergistic effect. As a proof‐of‐concept study, an atomic symbiotic‐catalyst comprising single‐atom MnN4 moieties and abundant sp3‐hybridized carbon defects was constructed for low‐temperature zinc‐air battery, which exhibited a high peak power density of 76 mW cm−2 with long‐term stability at −40 °C, representing a top‐level performance of such batteries.

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• Pub. Date : 2025
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Condensates that accumulate small RNA biogenesis factors (nuage) are common in germ cells and often associate with nuclei. In the C. elegans germline, P granules overlay large clusters of nuclear pores and this organization has been proposed to facilitate surveillance of nascent transcripts by Argonaute proteins enriched in P granules. We report that co-clustering of nuclear pores and P granules depends on FG repeat containing nucleoporins and FG repeats in the Vasa class helicase GLH-1. Mutants that prevent co-clustering are fertile under standard growth conditions and only mis-regulate a minority of genes, including replication-dependent histones. Our observations suggest that association with nuclear pores, while non-essential for genome surveillance, may serve to tune mRNA flow through P granules and other nuage condensates.

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• Pub. Date : 2025
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AbstractIntroductionThis work presents a multi‐institutional study on image quality provided by a novel cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). The main goal is to investigate the consistency of imaging performance across multiple institutions.MethodsPhantoms for measuring relative electron density (RED) and image quality were sent to six institutions for imaging on Ethos and Halcyon units equipped with HyperSight CBCT. The imaging protocols included tube potential from 100 to 140 kVp and exposure from 80 to 800 mAs. Imaging performance was evaluated with regard to RED versus Hounsfield units (HU), uniformity, contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR), slice thickness, circular symmetry, modulation transfer function (MTF), and spatial resolution.ResultsAmong all institutions, some variability was observed among institutions in the RED‐to‐HU relationship, especially for RED values greater than 1, although no outliers were found (|z‐score| < 2 in all cases). In this range, RED/HU slopes were 475 ± 25 10−6 RED/HU at 100kVp, 505 ± 20 10−6 RED/HU at 125kVp, and 550 ± 20 10−6 RED/HU at 140kVp. Radial uniformity ranged from 1 to 7 HU, depending on protocol. Circular symmetry for two points 50 mm apart showed consistency within one‐pixel dimension. Integral nonuniformity was between 1 and 10, with no difference observed between vertical and horizontal dimensions. Contrast rods with 1% gave CNR = 0.5, 1 and 2 for 100(88), 125(176), and 140(528) in kVp(mAs), and contrast rods with 0.5% had CNR = 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 for 100(88), 125(176), and 140(528) in kVp(mAs). Spatial resolution given by MTF at 10% and 50% yielded values of 0.55 ± 0.01 mm−1 and 0.35 ± 0.02 mm−1, respectively.ConclusionsThis multi‐institutional analysis of CBCT imaging performance showed consistency in radial uniformity, circular symmetry, integral nonuniformity, contrast, and spatial resolution. Some variability was seen in the RED‐to‐HU relationship for RED > 1 depending on exposure. More data from different institutions would be necessary to establish more robust statistical metrics, which ensure quality parameters.

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• Pub. Date : 2025
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Low‐dimensional copper halides with perovskite–analogue structure are a rapidly growing material family for light‐emitting and X‐ray screening devices. Among them Cs3Cu2I5 exhibits exceptional optoelectronic properties (large Stokes shift, high emission yield), due to the strong confinement effect of its 0D structure. However, its radioluminescence response to energetic ions has only marginally been explored and to heavy ions fully ignored due to the detrimental effect of luminescence quenching. Herein, the scintillation response of Cs3Cu2I5 thin layers to ions in a wide range of atomic mass and ionization density, as well as to electrons using the Compton‐coincidence technique, is investigated. The photon yield, linearity, and energy resolution are investigated as key parameters of the spectroscopic performance. Different semiempirical quenching models are used to better understand the relationship between the luminescence yield and the ionization density. The spectroscopic capability of polycrystalline Cs3Cu2I5 thin films is found on par with that of single‐crystal CsI:Tl to detect heavy ions. This makes easily processable thin‐film copper halides an attractive addition to the scintillator landscape.

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• Pub. Date : 2025
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ABSTRACTAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by a progressive decline in cognitive functions. Given that AD undermines the quality of life for millions and has an extended asymptomatic period, exploring the full AD pathogenesis and seeking the optimal therapeutic solution have become critical and imperative. This allows researchers to intervene, delay, and potentially prevent AD progression. Several clinical imaging methods are utilized routinely to diagnose and monitor AD, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Nevertheless, due to their intrinsic drawbacks and restrictions, such as radiation concerns, high cost, long acquisition time, and low spatial resolution, their applications in AD research are limited, especially at the cellular and molecular levels. In contrast, optical microscopic imaging methods overcome these limitations, offering researchers a variety of approaches with distinct advantages to explore AD pathology on diverse models. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of commonly utilized optical microscopic imaging techniques in AD research and introduce their contributions to image amyloid beta (Aβ) species. These techniques include fluorescence microscopy (FM), confocal microscopy (CM), two‐photon fluorescence microscopy (TPFM), super‐resolution microscopy (SRM), expansion microscopy (ExM), and light‐sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM). In addition, we introduce some related topics, such as the development of near‐infrared (NIR) Aβ probes, the Aβ plaque hypothesis, and Aβ oligomer hypothesis, and the roles of microglia and astrocytes in AD progression. We believe optical microscopic imaging methods continue to play an indispensable role in deciphering the full pathogenesis of AD and advancing therapeutic strategies.

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• Pub. Date : 2025
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Abstract During the daytime, conventional radiative coolers disregard the directionality of thermal radiation, thereby overlooking the upward radiation from the ground. This upward radiation enhances the outward thermal radiation, leading to a substantial reduction in the subambient daytime radiative cooling performance. Conversely, radiative coolers featuring angular asymmetry and spectral selectivity effectively resolve the problem of thermal radiation directionality, successfully evading the interference caused by the ground-generated thermal radiation. This cooler overcomes the limitations posed by the angle of incident light, making it suitable for subambient daytime radiative cooling of vertical surfaces. Furthermore, by adjusting the structure of the cooler, the angular range of thermal radiation can be modulated, enabling the application of radiative cooling technology for intelligent temperature regulation of various inclined surfaces encountered in daily life. This innovative work makes a significant contribution to the development of subambient smart thermal interaction systems and opens up new possibilities for the practical application of radiative cooling technology.

• Book : 17(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
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Three-dimensional (3D) virtual trees play a vital role in modern forestry research, enabling the visualization of forest structures and supporting diverse simulations, including radiation transfer, climate change impacts, and dynamic forest management. Current virtual tree modeling primarily relies on 3D point cloud reconstruction from field survey data, and this approach faces significant challenges in scalability and structural diversity representation, limiting its broader applications in ecological modeling of forests. To address these limitations, we propose Diff-Tree, a novel diffusion model-based framework for generating diverse and realistic tree point cloud with reduced dependence on real-world data. The framework incorporates an innovative tree realism-aware filtering mechanism to ensure the authenticity of generated data while maintaining structural diversity. We validated Diff-Tree using two distinct datasets: one comprising five tree species from different families and genera, and another containing five Eucalyptus species from the same genus, demonstrating the method’s versatility across varying taxonomic levels. Quantitative evaluation shows that Diff-Tree successfully generates realistic tree point cloud while effectively enhancing structural diversity, achieving average MMDCD and COVCD values of (0.41, 65.78) and (0.56, 47.09) for the two datasets, respectively. The proposed method not only significantly reduces data acquisition costs but also provides a flexible, data-driven approach for virtual forest generation that adapts to diverse research requirements, offering a more efficient and practical solution for forestry research and ecological modeling.

• Book : 17(5)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.923-923
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Background/Aims: The long noncoding RNA DUXAP8 is a pivotal regulator in cancer pathogenesis, but the molecular mechanism underlying the role of DUXAP8 in colon cancer progression is underexplored.Methods: In addition to bioinformatic analyses, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to assess DUXAP8, microRNA-378a-3p, FOXQ1 expression in colon cancer tissues, and clinical data were analyzed to determine the correlation between DUXAP8 expression and colon cancer patient outcomes. Nuclear/cytoplasmic RNA fractionation was utilized to analyze the subcellular distribution of DUXAP8. Dual-luciferase and RNA immunoprecipitation assays were performed to confirm the binding of DUXAP8/FOXQ1 and microRNA-378a-3p. After cell transfection, qRT-PCR was performed to evaluate the modulatory relationship of DUXAP8/microRNA-378a-3p/FOXQ1. Cell Counting Kit-8, MTT, scratch healing, and Transwell assays were performed to evaluate the impact of DUXAP8/microRNA-378a-3p/ FOXQ1 expression on colon cancer cell functions.Results: The results revealed that the expression of DUXAP8 and FOXQ1 was upregulated in colon cancer tissues, while the expression of microRNA-378a-3p was down-regulated. The increased DUXAP8 expression was positively correlated with lymph node metastasis and TNM stage. Dual-luciferase and RNA immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that DUXAP8 was a sponge for microRNA-378a-3p and targeted the ability of microRNA-378a-3p to regulate FOXQ1.In addition, functional experiment results revealed that overexpressed DUXAP8 facilitated the growth and migratory ability of colon cancer cells. DUXAP8 also reversed the tumor-suppressive effect of microRNA-378a-3p. However, silencing FOXQ1 could reverse the cancer-promoting effects of high DUXAP8 expression.Conclusions: DUXAP8 expression was significantly increased in colon cancer, which was associated with lymph node metastasis and unfavorable outcomes in colon cancer patients. DUXAP8 may hasten malignant progression of colon cancer cells through its effects on microRNA-378a- 3p/FOXQ1.

• Book : 19(2)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.219-235
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• Book : 5(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.31-42
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Abstract Disparities between small-scale observations and the ΛCDM model raise questions about the cold dark matter candidates e.g. WIMPs. A particularly promising substitute for WIMP is self-interacting dark matter (SIDM), which meets the large-scale ΛCDM predictions while also mitigating the small-scale abnormalities. If SIDM freezes out in the radiation-dominated era, it produces under-abundant relic. By adding a heavy scalar to the early Universe, we assume a non-standard expansion history in this work. This results in an amplified thermal relic because SIDM freezes out at an earlier epoch. Then, prior to big bang nucleosynthesis, the heavy scalar decays into both visible and dark sectors. We obtain the right relic abundance for SIDM by combining SIDM generation with entropy dilution caused by decay of the heavy scalar. We determine the feasible parameter space for a general SIDM model while accounting for pertinent experimental and phenomenological restrictions.

• Book : 2957(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.012003-012003
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