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  • 2024


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    • Pub. Date : 2024
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  • 2024


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    • Pub. Date : 2024
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  • 2024

    Background: Due to the overflow of people in radiation therapy centers and the importance of not interrupting the treatment process, preventive measures is one of the most important measures to deal with COVID-19; therefore, this study aims to evaluate intercultural compatibility, reliability, and validity of COVID-19 prevention measures in a radiation therapy center. Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was performed with 20 personnel at radiation therapy center of Yazd, Iran using a census method in September 2021. A COVID-19 prevention scale with 29 items was used as measurement tool. First, cultural adaptation was assessed, and then, face validity was determined by calculating the impact score (IS). Content validity was evaluated by calculating the content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI), and reliability was determined using the test-retest method, and Kuder–Richardson (KR20) alpha coefficient, and calculating intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). All the analyses were performed in SPSS software version 24 with a significance level of 5%.   Results: 30% (6 people) of the subjects were, 70% (40 people) of whom had   less than 15 years of work experience. Four items of the questionnaire were removed based on the minimum Lawshe's CVR values, as their CVR was less than 0.62. Finally, the (KR20) coefficient, scale-level CVI, and ICC were estimated at 0.827, 0.98, and 0.52, respectively. Conclusion:  The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed; therefore, this Persian version of 25-item scale is proposed as a suitable and effective tool for COVID-19 prevention measures in Persian language 
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  • 2024

    AbstractClear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most prevalent type of renal malignant disease and is characterized by dismal prognosis in the metastasized setting. Invasive growth of cancer cells relates to high levels of compressive forces translating to relevant damage of the plasma membrane. However, functional implications of protein machineries required for plasma membrane repair in ccRCC are not yet completely elucidated. Given the membrane-associated localization of the large family of annexin proteins, we aimed for a global annotation of annexin proteins, which led to the identification of ANXA4 selectively expressed in cancer cells of ccRCC. Interestingly, ANXA4 showed context-dependent distinct localization patterns including the plasma membrane as well as the nuclear compartment/nuclear membrane. We investigated the functional role of ANXA4 in ccRCC employing genetic titration studies (knockdown, CRISPR/Cas9 knockout and overexpression) and identified impaired acute plasma membrane repair as well as invasive capability in conditions of reduced ANXA4 expression. Utilizing computational segmentation of the tumor microenvironment (TME) of ccRCC samples revealed that ANXA4 low tumors exhibited a distinct TME composition compared to ANXA4 high cases. ANXA4 low tumors showed higher levels of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes accompanied by increased deposition of acellular extracellular matrix. Further transcriptomic analysis demonstrated major alterations in transcriptional signatures related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and immune signaling. Transcription factor enrichment analysis and further functional validation identified ELF3 as one central regulator of invasive properties. Our integrative approach including molecular analyses with advanced histopathological segmentation uncovered novel roles for ANXA4 in modulating acute membrane repair, transcriptional regulation, and shaping cellular composition of the ccRCC tumor microenvironment.
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  • 2024

    Healthcare mobile applications satisfy different aims by frequently exploiting the built-in features found in smart devices. The accessibility of cloud computing upgrades the extra room, whereby substances can be stored on external servers and obtained directly from mobile devices. In this study, we use cloud computing in the mobile healthcare model to reduce the waste of time in crisis healthcare once an accident occurs and the patient operates the application. Then, the mobile application determines the patient’s location and allows him to book the closest medical center or expert in some crisis cases. Once the patient makes a reservation, he will request help from the medical center. This process includes pre-registering a patient online at a medical center to save time on patient registration. The E-Health model allows patients to review their data and the experiences of each specialist or medical center, book appointments, and seek medical advice.
    • Book : 6(1)
    • Pub. Date : 2024
    • Page : pp.5411-5411
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  • 2024

    AbstractBabesiosis, caused by protozoan parasites of the genusBabesia, is an emerging tick-borne disease of significance for both human and animal health.Babesiaparasites infect erythrocytes of vertebrate hosts where they develop and multiply rapidly to cause the pathological symptoms associated with the disease. The identification of variousBabesiaspecies underscores the ongoing risk of new zoonotic pathogens capable of infecting humans, a concern amplified by anthropogenic activities and environmental shifts impacting the distribution and transmission dynamics of parasites, their vectors, and reservoir hosts. One such species,BabesiaMO1, previously implicated in severe cases of human babesiosis in the midwestern United States, was initially considered closely related toB. divergens, the predominant agent of human babesiosis in Europe. Yet, uncertainties persist regarding whether these pathogens represent distinct variants of the same species or are entirely separate species. We show that although bothB.MO1 andB. divergensshare similar genome sizes, comprising three nuclear chromosomes, one linear mitochondrial chromosome, and one circular apicoplast chromosome, major differences exist in terms of genomic sequence divergence, gene functions, transcription profiles, replication rates and susceptibility to antiparasitic drugs. Furthermore, both pathogens have evolved distinct classes of multigene families, crucial for their pathogenicity and adaptation to specific mammalian hosts. Leveraging genomic information forB.MO1,B. divergens, and other members of the Babesiidae family within Apicomplexa provides valuable insights into the evolution, diversity, and virulence of these parasites. This knowledge serves as a critical tool in preemptively addressing the emergence and rapid transmission of more virulent strains.
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  • 2024

    Microtubule asters are essential in localizing the action of microtubules in processes including mitosis and organelle positioning. In large cells, such as the one-cell sea urchin embryo, aster dynamics are dominated by hydrodynamic pulling forces. However, in systems with more densely positioned nuclei such as the early Drosophila embryo, which packs around 6000 nuclei within the syncytium in a crystalline-like order, it is unclear what processes dominate aster dynamics. Here, we take advantage of a cell cycle regulation Drosophila mutant to generate embryos with multiple asters, independent from nuclei. We use an ex vivo assay to further simplify this biological system to explore the forces generated by and between asters. Through live imaging, drug and optical perturbations, and theoretical modelling, we demonstrate that these asters likely generate an effective pushing force over short distances. Using cytosolic explants from Drosophila syncytial embryos combined with quantitative microscopy and perturbations, de-Carvalho et al ., reveal the mechanical forces separating Drosophila microtubule asters. Aster separation drives precise nuclear positioning in multinucleated embryo cells, a vital process for tissue formation and gene expression during subsequent embryo development.
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  • 2024

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    Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare primary neuroendocrine skin tumor that presents as a flesh-colored or bluish-red nodule on the face, neck, or head. Long-term ultraviolet radiation exposure and Merkel cell polyomavirus are associated with MCC pathogenesis. We present a case of MCC on the right cheek in a male patient aged 87 years. Our primary goal in presenting the case is to bring MCC, which is a diagnostic challenge, to the notice of dermatologists and oncologists, as early detection and prompt treatment are important. The patient had a significant past medical history, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, stage 3 chronic kidney disease, benign prostatic hyperplasia, chronic hyponatremia, acute pancreatitis, essential thrombocytosis on hydroxyurea, and ischemic heart disease. The patient presented with a mildly swollen right upper lip showing a poorly defined, relatively homogeneous subcutaneous lesion with a history of persistence for 1.5 months. The clinical examination revealed a 5 × 3–cm nodular lesion on the right side of the cheek with swelling of the right upper lip. Immunohistochemistry markers and histopathological features confirmed the diagnosis of MCC. The patient was referred to the oncology department for further management. MCC of the skin is an aggressive lesion with a high risk of metastasis and recurrence, which is more common in immunocompromised people. Prompt management and treatment of MCC is essential because if left untreated, it can spread to other parts of the body and can also metastasize to lymph nodes and other organs. The patient is 87 years old and has a significant past medical history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease stage 3, benign prostatic hyperplasia, chronic hyponatremia, acute pancreatitis, essential thrombocytosis on hydroxyurea, and ischemic heart disease. Currently, the patient presented with a mildly swollen right upper lip showing a poorly defined, relatively homogenous subcutaneous lesion with a history of persistence for 1.5 months. The clinical examination revealed a 5x3 cm nodular lesion on the right side of the cheek with swelling of the right upper lip. Immunohistochemistry markers results and histopathological features confirmed the diagnosis of Merkel cell carcinoma. The patient was referred to the oncology department for further management. Merkel cell carcinoma of the skin is an aggressive lesion with a high risk of metastasis and recurrence, which is more common in immunocompromised people. Prompt management and treatment of Merkel cell carcinoma is essential because if left untreated, it can spread to other parts of the body and can also metastasize to lymph nodes and other organs.


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  • 2024

    A quantum theory of gravity is among the most pursued goals in physics. I present a definitive and direct experimental proof that refutes the widely believed hypothesis of quantum gravity. The detections of astrophysical gravitational waves (GW) are inferred from the differential oscillations of suspended mirrors of optical interferometers like the aLIGO detectors. If gravity is indeed quantized, then the average energy $\bar{E}$ in the minute oscillations of the mirrors, at a frequency $\nu$, corresponds to the absorption of an integer number $N$ gravitational quanta with total energy $E_{gw}=Nh\nu$. The coherent and coincident detections across large separations of detectors, and also the constraint of the equivalence principle, dictate that the average number of quanta $\bar{N}$ forcing the oscillations obeys $\bar{N}\gg 1$, or $1/\sqrt{\bar{N}}\ll 1$. However, the average energy $\bar{E}$ in the differential oscillations is smaller than the energy of a single quantum of GW radiation at the detected astrophysical GW frequencies. This startling finding implies that $\bar{N} <1$, which is physically impossible if gravity is quantized. This singular contradiction refutes the long-held hypothesis that gravity is quantized.
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  • 2024

    Abstract

    Due to the possibility of radioactive events or dirty bomb events occurring in urban areas near buildings with a relatively small impact radius (within 1-2 kilometers), an effective and rapid assessment of their extent and impact is essential for emergency response strategies. In this research, the CALPUFF model is introduced as the basis for conducting a series of tests and improvements to create a localized radioactive events impact assessment system. The CALPUFF model is recommended by the US EPA and will be combined with meteorological data from the Central Weather Bureau's mesoscale numerical weather forecast model and terrain data with a 30-meter horizontal resolution from Taiwan's Ministry of the Interior. This localized system aims to simulate and predict the outdoor radiation intensity or pollution range for future scenarios, reducing the health risks and pressure on emergency personnel exposed to radiation, and facilitating necessary protective action decisions.


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