본 연구는 새로운 핵질서와 환경의 도래를 전제하면서 초기 논의가 진행되고 있는 “제3 차 핵시대”의 특성을 분석하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 새로운 핵시대 담론의 특성을 분석하고, 이에 따른 핵전략 개념의 변화를 추적하고자 했다. 제3차 핵시대로 불리는 새로운 핵시대는 다양한 층위에서 다른 요인들과 상호작용을 통해 완전히 새로운 핵환경을 만들어내는데, 본 연구는 “정치적 다극화”, “전략적 통합성”, “기술적 연결성”을 제3차 핵시대의 세 가지 특성으로 정리하였다. 또한 투발수단, 표적화, 핵지휘통제, 미사일방어, 우주･사이버, 지능형결심 등 6가지 핵심기술을 제시하였다. 이러한 특성은 기존 핵전략 개념의 재설정을 요구하고 있다. 이에 따라 억제안정성에서 위기안정성으로, 충분성에서 만족성으로, 공방균형에서 복합억제로, 핵보복에서 비핵거부로, 비확산에서 기술통제로의 변화가 두드러진다. 이러한 제3차 핵시대의 전략개념 변화에 적응하여 한국군도 국방 패러다임의 전환을 모색해야 할 것이다.

• Book : 31(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.5-36
• Keyword :

Background: The lack of availability of test results in vascular surgery outpatient clinics impedes the medical management of vascular risk factors, such as dyslipidaemia and diabetes mellitus. This study sought to evaluate the feasibility of using computer-assisted processes to promote the ordering of routine investigations to promote this management. Method: After consultation with specialist clinicians, clinician–programmers developed a rule-based system to facilitate the ordering of lipid studies and HbA1c prior to vascular clinic appointments. A four-week historical control period prior to the initiation of the intervention was compared to a four-week period following the intervention. Results: There were 1165 patients in the study. In the pre-intervention period, 38.0% of patients had HbA1c and 17.9% had lipid studies in the preceding 6 months. In the post-intervention period, HbA1c and lipid studies were ordered for 100% of vascular outpatients (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The use of computer-assisted processes to facilitate the requesting of routine outpatient investigations is feasible and shows early signs of being effective. Follow-up studies examining clinical endpoints are required.

• Book : 14(4)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.1321-1321
• Keyword :

With a view to investigate the magneto-structural properties and influence of an?nealing on magnetoresistance of strontium-doped lanthanum manganite, samples of La1-xSrxMnO3 were prepared and their magneto-transport properties have been investigated in this article. Magnetoresistance is enhanced from 6% to about 94% at room temperature due to annealing. Resistivity and Seebeck coefficient were investi?gated over the temperature range 83 ? T ? 313 K. The quasi-static magnetization was investigated in the temperature range of 5-400 K under effect of a magnetic field of 100 Oe in both moods of field cooling presence besides the zero field cooling. The measurements of magnetization showed Curie transition from ferromagnetic be?havior to paramagnetic one. The Curie transition values increased with increasing the strontium content suggesting that the transfer integral between two Mn sites would be enhanced due to the substitution of smaller La ions (117.2 pm) by great?er Sr ions (132 pm). Various parameters were calculated from the application of variable range hopping and single polaron hopping models. Both models were utilized to investigate the effect of Sr on the conduction behavior. The behavior of thermopower with temperature was demonstrated on the basis scatterings of phonon-and magnon-.

• Book : 29(1 Part A)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.383-394
• Keyword :

• Book : ()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page :
• Keyword :

The nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway plays a crucial role in regulating immune responses in epithelial cells. In this study, we established a porcine epithelial NF-κB reporter cell line (PK15-KBR) as an in vitro platform to screen plant-based extracts for their potential use as vaccine adjuvants against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). The NF-κB inducers were further tested for toxicity assessments, either using CCK-8 assays or intramuscular injection in mice, finally followed by vaccination studies to evaluate their adjuvancy. Initial experiments confirmed that TNF-α effectively activated NF-κB signaling in PK15-KBR cells in a dose-dependent manner, validating the platform’s reliability at Z’ value of 0.68. Of the 224 testers, 3 candidates, including chamomile, mulberry and Boerhaavia diffusa, showed induction activity; however, only chamomile induced a dose-dependent response in PK15-KBR cells. As a proof of concept, chamomile, used as an adjuvant in oral vaccination, demonstrated significantly higher IgG levels at an early stage (day 14, p < 0.05) and enhanced IgA titers. These findings highlight the use of the PK15-KBR cell line in identifying mucosal adjuvants and position chamomile extract as a promising candidate for enhancing vaccine-induced immunity.

• Book : 12(2)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.181-181
• Keyword :

• Book : 1057()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.123037-123037
• Keyword :

• Book : ()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page :
• Keyword :

Abstract In recent years, a significant number of oxygen-bearing complex organic molecules (COMs) have been detected in the gas phase of cold dark clouds such as TMC-1. The formation of these COMs cannot be explained by diffusive mechanisms on grains and gas-phase reactions. This study investigates the formation of oxygen-bearing COMs in cold dark clouds using multiphase gas–grain models that incorporate cosmic ray-induced nondiffusive radiation chemistry and nonthermal sputtering desorption mechanisms. Additionally, we present the effects of varying elemental C/O ratio and different sputtering rates. We utilized an accelerated Gillespie algorithm, based on the regular Gillespie algorithm. The results of our models for dimethyl ether (CH3OCH3), methyl formate (HCOOCH3), acetaldehyde (CH3CHO), ethanol (C2H5OH), and methanol (CH3OH) show reasonable agreement with observations toward TMC-1, within a factor of 3. Out of the 94 species compared with observations, 63 show agreement within 1 order of magnitude, accounting for 67.02%. Overall inclusion of nonthermal mechanisms in multiphase models shows notable improvement of modeling on oxygen-bearing COMs in the interstellar medium.

• Book : 277(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.8-8
• Keyword :

Hybrid photon counting detectors have significantly advanced synchrotron research. In particular, the introduction of large cadmium telluride-based detectors in 2015 enabled a whole new range of high-energy X-ray measurements. This article describes the specifications of the new PILATUS4 cadmium telluride detector and presents results from prototype testing for high-energy powder X-ray diffraction studies conducted at two synchrotrons. The experiments concern time-resolved in situ solid-state reactions at MAX IV (Sweden) and fast-scanning X-ray diffraction computed tomography of a battery cell at the ESRF (France). The detector's high quantum efficiency up to 100 keV, combined with a maximum frame rate of 4000 Hz, enables fast data collection. This study demonstrates how these capabilities contribute to improved time and spatial resolution in high-energy powder X-ray diffraction studies, facilitating advancements in materials, chemical and energy research.

• Book : 32(2)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page :
• Keyword :

Abstract Background We aimed to validate a low-dose two-volume pulmonary computed tomography (CT) perfusion technique. Methods Five Yorkshire swine (weight 53.6 ± 2.6 kg) underwent 21 independent CT perfusion acquisitions. Intravenous contrast material (370 mg/mL iodine, 0.5 mL/kg) and saline chaser (0.5 mL/kg) were injected at 5 mL/s for each acquisition. Two-volume and multivolume dynamic CT perfusion data were acquired using a 320-slice CT, with multivolume measurements serving as the reference standard. The two-volume CT perfusion involved a low-dose (50 mA) volume scan before contrast injection and a diagnostic (300 mA) volume scan after bolus-tracking in the main pulmonary artery at the peak contrast enhancement. Multivolume CT perfusion included 15–20 volume scans for blood flow measurement. Paired sample t-test, linear regression, and Bland–Altman analysis compared both global and regional two-volume perfusion measurements to the reference standard. The reproducibility of the two-volume CT perfusion was assessed from two independent measurements under the same perfusion condition. Results Two-volume global perfusion measurements (P 2V) were related to reference multivolume (P MV) measurements by P 2V = 0.96 × P MV + 0.45 (r = 0.92), with a root-mean-square error of 1.29 mL/min/g and a root-mean-square deviation of 1.29 mL/min/g. The CT dose index for the two-volume and multivolume CT perfusion measurements were 9.3 mGy and 184.8 mGy, respectively. Conclusion We successfully validated a prospective, two-volume CT perfusion technique in a swine model. The findings affirm the feasibility of accurate and reproducible pulmonary blood flow measurement. Relevance statement This two-volume CT pulmonary perfusion technique, validated in a swine model, demonstrates the feasibility of blood flow measurement with a substantial reduction in radiation exposure. It could allow low-dose regional blood flow measurement in the assessment of pulmonary artery disease in humans. Key Points Lung perfusion can be measured in mL/min/g using a prospective, two-volume CT technique. Flow measurement is achievable in a swine model with a radiation dose as low as 9.3 mGy. CT angiography and perfusion can be acquired following a single contrast injection. Graphical Abstract

• Book : 9(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page :
• Keyword :