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2025
Melanoma is an aggressive disease that arises from mutations in the cells that produce the pigment melanin, melanocytes. Melanoma is characterized by a high mortality rate, due to avoidance of applied therapies and metastasis to other organs. The peculiar features of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT), particularly its cell-level selectivity, make BNCT a promising modality for melanoma treatment. However, appropriate cellular models should be used to study new therapies or improve the efficacy of existing therapies. Spheroids, which have been used for years for in vitro studies of the efficacy of anti-cancer therapies, have many characteristics shared with tumors through which they can increase the accuracy of the cellular response compared to 2D culture in vitro studies and reduce the use of animals for research in the future. To the best of our knowledge, when we started researching the use of spheroids in BNCT in vitro, there was no publication showing such use. Our study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a 3D cellular model (spheroids) for testing BNCT on melanoma cells. We assessed boronophenylalanine (10BPA) uptake using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in both spheroids and 2D cultures of melanoma and melanocytes. DNA damage, Ki67 protein expression, and spheroid growth were analyzed. The experimental groups included: (1) IR_B (neutron flux + 50 µg 10B/mL), (2) IR (neutron flux alone), (3) C_B (no irradiation, 50 µg 10B/mL), and (4) C (no irradiation and no treatment with boron). The total absorbed doses were estimated to be 2.1–3.1 Gy for IR_B cells and spheroids as well as 8.3–9.4 Gy for IR_B spheroids, while estimated doses for IR cells were 0.5–1.9 Gy. The results indicated that IR_B spheroids might exhibit a reduced diameter. Melanoma cells in the 3D model showed that their DNA damage levels may be higher than those in the 2D model. Moreover, the Ki67 assay revealed differences in the expression of this marker between irradiated melanoma cell lines. In conclusion, preincubation with 10BPA enhances BNCT efficacy, leading to cell growth inhibition and increased DNA fragmentation. Differences in DNA damage between 2D and 3D models may be due to dissimilarities in cell metabolism caused by a changed cell architecture.- Book : 14(3)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.232-232
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2025
Abstract
The mass loss rates of planets undergoing core-powered escape are usually modeled using an isothermal Parker-type wind at the equilibrium temperature, T
eq. However, the upper atmospheres of sub-Neptunes may not be isothermal if there are significant differences between the opacity to incident visible and outgoing infrared radiation. We model bolometrically driven escape using AIOLOS, a hydrodynamic radiative-transfer code that incorporates double-gray opacities, to investigate the process’s dependence on the visible-to-infrared opacity ratio, γ. For a value of γ ≈ 1, we find that the resulting mass loss rates are well approximated by a Parker-type wind with an isothermal temperature T = T
eq/21/4. However, we show that over a range of physically plausible values of γ, the mass loss rates can vary by orders of magnitude, ranging from 10−5× the isothermal rate for low γ to 105× the isothermal rate for high γ. The differences in mass loss rates are largest for small planet radii, while for large planet radii, mass loss rates become nearly independent of γ and approach the isothermal approximation. We incorporate these opacity-dependent mass loss rates into a self-consistent planetary mass and energy evolution model and show that lower/higher γ values lead to more/less hydrogen being retained after core-powered mass loss. In some cases, the choice of opacities determines whether or not a planet can retain a significant primordial hydrogen atmosphere. The dependence of escape rate on the opacity ratio may allow atmospheric escape observations to directly constrain a planet's opacities and therefore its atmospheric composition.- Book : 980(1)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.152-152
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2025
In high-energy physics, resistive plate chamber (RPC) detectors operating in avalanche mode make use of a high-performance gas mixture. Its main component, Tetrafluoroethane (C2H2F4), is classified as a fluorinated greenhouse gas. The RPC EcoGas@GIF++ collaboration is pursuing an intensive R&D on new gas mixtures for RPCs to explore eco-friendly alternatives complying with recent European regulations. The performance of different RPC detectors has been evaluated at the CERN Gamma Irradiation Facility with Tetrafluoropropene (C3H2F4)-CO2-based gas mixtures. A long-term ageing test campaign was launched in 2022, and since 2023, systematic long-term performance studies have been carried out thanks to dedicated beam tests. The results of these studies are discussed together with their future perspectives.- Book : 8(1)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.15-15
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2025
This study aimed to investigate the performance of Fcubed carocell Panel using two different types of feedwaters i.e. irrigation and brackish water. The environmental condition parameters measured consisted of Illumination, radiation, relative humidity, and temperature, while the parameters of feed water samples measured consisted of volume, temperature, and total dissolved solid of wastewater (disinfected heated water) and distilled water. The analysis showed that the distilled water yield of irrigation water was significantly different than that of brackish water. The difference was caused due to the difference content of Total Dissolved Solids and the environment’s relative humidity. The Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) of brackish water was ten times that of irrigation water, while both distilled water TDS of irrigation and brackish water were less than 10 ppm. The discharge of irrigation distilled water was relatively higher than that of brackish water. The distilled water discharge of irrigation and brackish water was 1.06 ± 0.19 l/hr and 0.86 ± 0.14 l/hr respectively. The ratio between distilled and wastewater of irrigation and brackish water were 20:1 and 25:1 respectively.- Book : 158()
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.01003-01003
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2025
Solar diffuse radiation (DIFRA) is an important component of solar radiation, but current research into the estimation of DIFRA is relatively limited. This study, based on remote sensing data, topographic data, meteorological reanalysis materials, and measured data from radiation observation stations in Chongqing, combined key factors such as the solar elevation angle, water vapor, aerosols, and cloud cover. A high-precision DIFRA estimation model was developed using the random forest algorithm, and a distributed simulation of DIFRA in Chongqing was achieved. The model was validated using 8179 measured data points, demonstrating good predictive capability with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.72, a mean absolute error (MAE) of 35.99 W/m2, and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 50.46 W/m2. Further validation was conducted based on 14 radiation observation stations, with the model demonstrating high stability and applicability across different stations and weather conditions. In particular, the fit was optimal for the model under overcast conditions, with R2 = 0.70, MAE = 32.20 W/m2, and RMSE = 47.51 W/m2. The results indicate that the model can be effectively adapted to all weather calculations, providing a scientific basis for assessing and exploiting solar energy resources in complex terrains.- Book : 18(4)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.836-836
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2025
The hadronic vacuum polarization contribution to (g−2)μ can be determined via dispersive methods from e+e−→hadrons data. We propose a novel approach to measure the hadronic cross section σhad(s) as an alternative to the initial-state radiation and energy scan techniques, which relies on positron annihilation off atomic electrons of a high Z target (U238, Z=92). We show that by leveraging the relativistic electron velocities of the inner atomic shells, a high-intensity 12 GeV positron beam, such as the one foreseen at JLab, can allow measuring σhad(s) with high statistical accuracy from the two-pion threshold up to above s∼1 GeV.
Published by the American Physical Society
2025
- Book : 134(6)
- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
We study the conditions for finding an island in an anisotropic universe—Bianchi type I universe filled with radiation. We verify that the existence of islands does not depend on their shape. We then find that islands may form at certain times, near the turnaround point—where the universe turns from contraction to expansion in one of the directions. This is in line with previous analyses regarding cosmological space-times where islands form if one has two energy scales in the problem, such as the typical temperature of the universe and, on top of that, cosmological constant, curvature, anisotropy, or some other mass scale.
Published by the American Physical Society
2025
- Book : 111(4)
- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
The application of aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) materials in biological imaging holds multiple significances, including improving detection sensitivity and specificity, optimizing the imaging process, expanding the scope of application, and promoting advancements in biomedical research. In this work, the propeller ligand was constructed through McMurry coupling reaction and Suzuki coupling reaction by using dimethoxybenzophenone as the starting material. Then, an imine condensation reaction was carried out in chloroform solution, using a 3:2 molar ratio of precursor to tri(2‐aminoethyl) amine to synthesize C3 symmetric porous organic cage CB. The structures of the compounds were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR). The optical investigation results reveal that ligand L–B and the porous organic cage CB demonstrate remarkable aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) properties in a tetrahydrofuran/water mixed solvent system, along with a pronounced response to tetrahydrofuran vapor stimuli. Consequently, Furthermore, given its unique cage‐like structure, high quantum yield, and outstanding AIE behavior, the porous organic cage CB holds promise for applications in cell imaging.- Book : ()
- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
A giant cell tumor (GCT) of the breast is an uncommon intermediate-type soft tissue tumor with histological features resembling its osseous counterparts. To date, only 12 such cases have been documented. Our case involves a 58-year-old woman who initially presented with a breast lump progressively enlarging over six months. It was evaluated as a potential case of breast cancer. Mammography, biopsy, and, subsequently, positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) were conducted for staging. The core biopsy specimen did not conclusively differentiate between the two suspected pathologies, i.e., GCT and Invasive breast cancer with osteoclast-like giant cells, although it was favoring the former. Following a multidisciplinary tumor board (MDTB) meeting, the patient underwent a total mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection (TM+ALND). The large biopsy was suggestive of GCT of the breast.
We have conducted an exhaustive review of the literature on GCT of the breast, encompassing its presentation, radiological findings, differential diagnoses, and treatment modalities to formulate a structured approach for management. Additionally, we performed a statistical analysis of baseline characteristics, outcomes, and treatment modalities to succinctly summarize the current data on this subject.- Book : 11()
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.2-2
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2025
- Book : 111(2)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page :
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