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2024
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2024
Modern ballistic protection equipment is lightweight, flexible, and withstand multiple types of threats. Depending on their purpose, they are assembled from various materials, with ceramic plates and composites based on high-performance polymer fibers finding wide application in recent years. Multilayer fabrics with different textures woven from synthesized special mechanically high-resistant polymer fibers successfully withstand the high-speed and high-energy impact of the striking element. Given the risk of exposure to radiation during military conflicts or industrial accidents, it is necessary to know the anti-radiation parameters of protection means. The report attempts to establish the degree of protection against photon radiation in the range of 40 KeV to 120 KeV for samples of ballistic panels with ballistic protection levels III+, III++, and IV. The degree of attenuation of photon radiation with these energies was measured by irradiating the examined ballistic panels. A dose-dependence has been obtained with level of ballistic protection for the specific material as a function of the energy of photon irradiation.- Book : 4()
- Pub. Date : 2024
- Page : pp.160-163
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2024
This article considers the process of transformation of the Russian Federation nuclear law into an independent public complex branch of law and its important role in improving global nuclear safety. Since it is well known that the criteria of distinguishing branches of law are usually the subject and method of legal regulation as well as the existence of their own codification, the authors are confident of such a need. The results of the analysis of the state corporation Rosatom activities serve as the basis for the proposed theses and only confirm this confidence. The main idea of the article is to assert the need for changes in the Russian legal system structure in order to increase the effectiveness of regulation in the field of nuclear safety. The paper examines the evolution of nuclear law in Russia, identifies the basic principles and norms of this area of law as well as the need to make changes to adapt to modern challenges and threats. Supporting its position by analyzing the current state of the Russian nuclear industry and world standards in the field of nuclear safety, the article suggests practical steps to strengthen legal regulation to ensure safety in the nuclear field. Special attention is paid to the importance of strengthening international nuclear safety through the modernization of the national nuclear legal system, its compliance with international norms and standards. The article discusses current issues, including the development of nuclear doctrine, control of nuclear materials, responsibility for violation of international nuclear obligations and other aspects affecting global nuclear security. The study is an important contribution to understanding the problems of nuclear law in the context of global safety, and also substantiates the need for independent development of this branch of law to ensure stability and security on the world stage. The authors of the article offer specific recommendations for improving legislation and practice in the field of nuclear law in order to strengthen global nuclear safety- Book : (2)
- Pub. Date : 2024
- Page : pp.112-120
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2024
Innovations in information technologies have resulted in more complex road safety applications. These systems offer numerous possibilities for improving road mobility. This study provides an integrated system that addresses two essential topics :safety and efficiency. To this end, the development and implementation of an integrated advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) for rural and intercity environments is proposed. Flexible autopilot with usage productivity, a surpassing support mechanism for single-carriageway pathways that considers the correct velocity expansion and acknowledges between the finest appropriate path extends for the movement, a junction support structure with speed regulation during approximate moves, and a crash prevention system with vague movement features are among the characteristics that were recently developed. To accomplish this, rigorous automotive kinematics computations were used to preserve equilibrium, and power system simulations were used to create optimal patterns. Computer vision and modeling were utilized to test and optimize the control module operations. Finally, the equipment is designed to notify a driver if an issue is detected and, if necessary, assume control of the vehicle. ADAS radar detectors identify vehicles and the surrounding area using electromagnetic radiation. The device measures the pace and direction of viewed objects, enabling autonomous vehicle systems to send safety notifications and govern operating procedures. Every single bit of evidence, including automobile position, accurate satellite imagery, and intricate map-matching computations, impacts the choice-making mechanisms for different ADAS structures- Book : 6(3)
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2024
Abstract
We report a case of a long-term surviving patient with EML4/ALK translocated non–small cell adenocarcinoma of the lung in UICC8 stage IVA. During recurrence under continuous crizotinib therapy, a hitherto insufficiently characterized missense mutation in the ALK gene (Arg1181His) was identified through targeted sequencing. The aforementioned EML4/ALK translocation could still be detected in this situation. Employing a 3D reconstruction of the ALK tertiary structure, considering its interaction with various ALK inhibitors at the molecular binding site, our analysis indicated the presence of a mutation associated with crizotinib resistance. To validate the biological relevance of this previously unknown mutation, we carried out an in vitro validation approach in cell culture in addition to the molecular diagnostics accompanied by the molecular tumor board. The tumor scenario was mimicked through retroviral transfection. Our comparative in vitro treatment regimen paired with the clinical trajectory of the patient, corroborated our initial clinical and biochemical suspicions. Our approach demonstrates preclinical, in silico, and clinical evidence of a novel crizotinib resistance mutation in ALK as well as sensitivity toward brigatinib and potentially lorlatinib. In future cases, this procedure represents an important contribution to functional diagnostics in the context of molecular tumor boards.- Book : ()
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2024
Background: Menstrual disorders affect women all around the world, although they are still viewed as minor health problems. Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the prevalence of menstrual disorders among modern society females in Dhaka, Bangladesh, and explore potential factors that may influence these disorders. Study Design: It is a cross-sectional study using a convenient sampling technique. Method: A convenient sampling technique was used to collect primary data through a semi-structured questionnaire from 342 female residents of Dhaka, aged at least 15 years, between April 2021 and August 2021. Participants were from different demographic backgrounds. Results: The mean age of respondents was 22 years ± 8.03. Participants were predominantly educated, with many pursuing undergraduate studies. They mostly belonged to nuclear families (77.7%) and middle (59.5%) to upper-middle (33.1%) socio-economic classes. Prevalent premenstrual symptoms included a change in mood (71.6%), cramps (68.9%), abdominal bloating (45.9%), and breast discomfort (38.5%). Dysmenorrhea (50.6%) and menorrhagia (35.2%) were common, while polymenorrhea (10.8%) and oligomenorrhea were less frequent. Despite some knowledge about the negative influence of junk foods on menstrual health, a significant proportion of participants reported consuming junk foods regularly. Most participants had easy access to sanitary napkins and menstrual hygiene products. Conclusion: Menstrual disorders are prevalent among young women in modern Dhaka despite their good education rate. Lifestyle and diet are linked to their prevalence. Healthcare professionals must educate and counsel women on menstrual health. Collaborative efforts among professionals, policymakers, and researchers are needed to raise awareness and support women in managing these issues.- Book : 1(1)
- Pub. Date : 2024
- Page : pp.1-12
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2024
Introduction. The choice of treatment between extracranial stereotactic radiotherapy and surgery for metastatic vertebral body tumors with minimum or no epidural compression of the dura mater is yet to be clearly defined. Materials and methods. The study enrolled 41 patients who received treatment at the National Medical Research Centre for Oncology (Rostov-on-Don, Russia) from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2022. The inclusion criterion was the presence of a metastatic vertebral tumor, with minimal or no epidural compression of the dura mater and the radicular infundibulum (ESCC 0–1b). Patients were divided into two groups: 21 patients (SBRT group) received only extracranial stereotactic radiation therapy and 20 patients who underwent surgery followed by adjuvant extracranial stereotactic radiation therapy 1 month after surgery (Op.+Аd.SBRT). Results. The early postoperative period revealed no deterioration in the neurological status of patients in the SBRT group, no improvement in the Karnofsky performance status and no regression of pain syndrome, in contrast to patients in the Op+Аd.SBRT group. In a month after the surgery, tumors continued to grow in 3 patients (21%) of the SBRT group and only in 1 patient (6%) of the Oр.+Аd.SBRT group. Discussion. In the early postoperative period, the Op.+Аd.SBRT group showed an improvement in the functional status and a significantly more pronounced regression of the pain syndrome in the patients of the SBRT group, which can be explained by direct decompression of the compressed spinal root and elimination of increasing instability of the spinal column. Conclusion. Surgical treatment complemented by adjuvant extracranial stereotactic radiation therapy constitutes the preferred treatment for patients with metastatic spinal lesion with minimal epidural spread, without epidural compression of the spinal cord, with severe pain syndrome and signs of increasing instability of the spinal column.- Book : 14(2)
- Pub. Date : 2024
- Page : pp.127-135
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2024
- Book : ()
- Pub. Date : 2024
- Page : pp.1-11
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2024
PRELIMINARY NOTE #1 -
My approach may be called quantum-gravitational. I take 'educated guesses', using the present state of scientific knowledge, at what might be revealed by a future union of General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics. Educated guesses sound remote from real science, but it's the best that can be done with a theory which doesn't exist yet. Of course, the maths accompanying that theory doesn't exist either - so formal mathematics can't be used. The quantum-gravitational approach isn't meant to be purely mathematical but also physical, with the binary digits and Mobius strips that compose every fermion and boson being linked - a state at odds with our human frame of reference of seeing objects and events as separated. As the movie 'Interstellar' pointed out, people will oneday be able to build things they can't build now. Let's scientifically explore a few of those things. (Thanks go to Penny from TV's 'Big Bang Theory' for inspiring Interstellar-related thoughts!)
At the start of the 20th century, physicist Max Planck assumed that electromagnetic radiation can only be emitted or absorbed in discrete packets, called quanta. He thought of his discovery as nothing more than a math device ... a kind of trickery. Albert Einstein developed his explanation of the photoelectric effect from this “mathematical convenience”. So it appears entirely possible that another supposed mathematical trickery (Wick rotation) will find practical application in the future.
Imagine the universe actually is a holographic projection or a computer simulation where every fermion and boson is linked by the AI-generating BITS (binary digits) of 1 and 0. What happens to formal mathematical definitions when every fermion and boson is linked? The linkage means everything throughout time and space can be regarded as one particle. This is reminiscent of John Wheeler's and Richard Feynman's speculation that the entire universe consists of just one electron, zigzagging through time (the weirdness of quantum physics vanishes and no particle can exist in two places at once since the unification of everything in space and time - possibly achieved with Quantum Gravity - means only one place or event can ever exist in the universal, co-moving frame of reference where observer and observed are united). If the universe can be regarded as one particle, how can one thing be added to another thing? Then 1+1=2 cannot be true in an absolute or quantum-gravity sense. 1+1=2 would only be true in the human frame of reference (it would also be true in the technology and mathematics which the human frame of reference developed). These conclusions regarding 1+1=2 may be compatible not only with a QG (quantum-gravitational) approach but also with an LF (Leonardo-Faraday) one. Neither Leonardo da Vinci nor Michael Faraday appear to have trained in the formal mathematics of their time but that lack never stopped them from discovering great things.
1+1 would equal 2 if human mathematics and technology from the 21st century used general relativity's curvature of time - made circular by Wick rotation and warping spacetime - to create the universe. But I look around and see that our tech/maths is not advanced enough yet. In forwards time travel, the waves composing mass in the x-axis and y-axis rotate in the counter-clockwise direction. Compare Wick rotation to a DVD that has no end. The future destination is reached by a computer using tensor calculus to change the present coordinates in the Cosmic DVD to ones in the future. To use a simple example confined to two dimensions: -1,+ _i _becomes +1, -_i_. This is interdimensional travel since it incorporates both the time and space elements of the time-space unity i.e. Wick rotation residing in the Mobius strips and figure-8 Klein bottles * composing space and mass. Backwards travel in time is identical to forward trips except for the coordinates being different and belonging to points in the past.
* 1-dimensional BITS encode two-dimensional (2D) Mobius bands instead of the untwisted Strings of String Theory or Loop Quantum Gravity (also, binary digits may be thought of as strings of 1’s and 0’s). A Mobius band, with its undulations and single surface, must be travelled around twice to reach the starting point. This raises the possibility that billions or trillions of Mobius strips compose every particle of matter since such particles must be turned 720 degrees (completely rotated twice) to look the same. If photons and gravitons share EDM with neutrons, it’s reasonable to conclude the symmetry means photons and gravitons are also composed of Mobius loops. Electromagnetism and gravitation aren’t identical, so a photon might be simply constructed from billions of Mobius bands while a more complex graviton might be based on a pair of Mobius strips uniting into a figure-8 Klein bottle which is immersed in the 3rd dimension.
Billions, or more, of these “Mobius Doublets” form a graviton. Photon-graviton momentum and interaction would not only produce a matter particle’s, and black hole's, quantum spin but a pressure that’s equivalent to what we call mass or solidity. Any particle’s mass, including the Higgs boson’s or that of the bosons belonging to the nuclear forces, would be created this way. Possessing an electric dipole moment, every massive or force-carrying particle would have both positive and negative charge – capable of cancelling to produce neutrality. The imaginary numbers - essential to quantum physics - in Wick rotation would combine with Wick's real numbers to produce time, and rotation of gravitational and electromagnetic waves would be energy forming mass on the x-axis plus dark energy forming dark matter on the y-axis.
PRELIMINARY NOTE #2 -
_THE PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT, PLUS IMAGINARY AND COMPLEX NUMBERS, SAY THE UNIVERSE NEVER STARTED WITH A BANG_
In A Brief History of Time, Stephen Hawking said there are no boundaries or singularities in imaginary time. I know Wick rotation is regarded as mathematical convenience or trickery. But Max Planck thought of his idea of quanta as a math convenience. And Albert Einstein seems to have developed the photoelectric effect's explanation from Planck's quanta. So could Wick rotation also end up having practical application, with our so-called real time existing on the X-axis and imaginary time on the y-axis. In that case, would the lack of boundaries and singularities mean the universe has no beginning or end? The relevance of imaginary numbers to the cosmos is that complex numbers have uses in quantum field theory, special and general relativity, and spinors.
Real time and real numbers are still present, so we can't get rid of an initial singularity through a Wick rotation. This reflects the fact that Wick rotation isn't so useful in General Relativity. But Einstein's theory, though the best theory we have of gravity and the universe, is incomplete. It needs to be combined with quantum physics. In such a theory of quantum gravity, it's possible that Wick rotation is extremely useful, just as it's a very useful mathematical technique in quantum field theory. We don't live in a universe that is merely real (governed by real numbers) or exclusively imaginary but is complex, embodying a union of real plus imaginary. Then Wick rotation means there could be an additional time dimension - time and space are inseparable, so another space dimension also exists - as California Prof. Itzhak Bars has said (https://phys.org/news/2007-05-two-time-universe-physicist-explores-dimension.html [https://phys.org/news/2007-05-two-time-universe-physicist-explores-dimension.html]). Just as E=mc^2 describes energy producing mass in known space-time, dark energy might not be the cause of alleged cosmic expansion but could account for the formation of dark matter. Thanks to astrophysicist Ethan Siegel for inspiring this paragraph.
I'm reading an article titled 'Scientists Seek Life Across the Multiverse' and it says,
'If the multiverse hypothesis is correct, physicists would no longer have to find explanations for the absurdly improbable fine-tuning of the laws of nature that has made our existence possible. We are just lucky to live in a good universe among many different ones. One universe fine-tuned for life is an unlikely fluke. But one habitable universe among many is to be expected.'
Another way of phrasing this is - Scientists are so eager to avoid any notion of Intelligent Design of the cosmos that they're willing to deny Earth's own scientific potential ... and their own intelligence.
Evolution can be observed in the form of adaptation of structure and function to the environment but there’s no reason to extrapolate this theory in order for it to account for life’s origin. In future centuries, human technology will develop terraforming and incredibly advanced bioengineering of cells - amino acids, proteins, water, nucleic acids, etc which were gathered in space or on planets and combined (science already knows these molecules exist out there). This could account for life’s origin since it agrees with 19th-century chemist Louis Pasteur’s proving that life can only originate from life. The origin-of-life hypothesis presented here obviously needs time travel back to a time when there was no life. This is feasible using General Relativity's concept of curved time (which is made circular via Wick rotation and future warping of space-time).
It's convenient to say Wick rotation is a form of mathematical trickery but explanation of the photoelectric effect seems to have sprung directly from Max Planck's idea of quanta - now called photons - which was also regarded for years as a mathematical convenience. Could an extension of evolution spring directly from the supposed math trickery of Wick rotation? We only need to be open to our current interpretations of science and maths not being set in stone. History has shown that presently accepted theories always change. And we are not the endpoint of history - we're simply one more step passing through it.
ABSTRACT
The article begins by mentioning the accepted correlation between Albert Einstein’s relativistic equations, as well as James Clerk Maxwell’s electromagnetic waves, with the Prandtl-Glauert equations for fluid flow. These topics are explored in the article -
Rizzo, A. (2024). On the Vacuum Hydrodynamics of Moving Bodies (The Theory of General Singularity). *Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology, 10*(3), 875-905. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jhepgc.2024.103054 [https://www.researchgate.net/deref/http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.4236%2Fjhepgc.2024.103054?_tp=eyJjb250ZXh0Ijp7ImZpcnN0UGFnZSI6InByb2ZpbGUiLCJwYWdlIjoiX2RpcmVjdCJ9fQ]
The equation-free mention at the start of SUSY VIA EDM nevertheless ends with 180° ΔO = + => - (180 Degree Change in Orientation Equals Positive Becomes Negative). Of course, it also means negative can become positive: 180° ΔO = - => +. Using this article’s new equations, the Electric Dipole Moment is introduced and the charges of the quarks composing a neutron are transformed. EDM’s undetectability is explained from the perspective of a hypothetical someone who doesn’t accept the Big Bang but believes the universe is literally infinite and eternal. Then quantum spin of matter particles is discussed, and extended to astronomy’s black holes, in terms of photons and gravitons not being elementary force-carrying particles but being in possession of EDM. The photon-graviton interaction producing quantum spin is proposed as electromagnetic and gravitational vectors in a figure that might be called “Vector-Tensor-Scalar Geometry”, as well as being related to quaternions plus the Higgs boson and field. Then the article returns to black holes, showing how the inability of light to escape them leads to a 4-dimensional space-time: via binary digits or base 2 mathematics, Mobius bands, figure-8 Klein bottles, and Wick rotation. The electric potential of photons and gravitons is then interpreted not strictly as a neutron-identical Electric Dipole Moment but as a vast array of pulses sharing similarities with modern computers and electronics – the binary digits of the previous sentence. As a consequence of the electric force-carriers bringing them into existence, particles of matter and antimatter are symmetrical with bosons in the sense that every boson or fermion is, at its most fundamental level, composed of binary digits. Imaginary numbers are essential to quantum mechanics, and this article connects the imaginary numbers of Wick rotation to the nature of time. Therefore, the words here are not painting a classical picture of space-time. The 1’s and 0’s of binary digits are compatible with quantum mechanics and may be referred to as the Hidden Variables which Einstein advocated to complete quantum physics, and to give its calculations an exactness which would bring a hidden order to its chaotic randomness and superficial uncertainty. If the universe can be quantized and viewed as comprised of infinitesimal ones and zeros, how could it not obey quantum physics? And if those ones and zeros are all ultimately connected by Quantum Gravity, waves and particles could never be separated but wave-particle duality would rule. To finish, many thanks to Albert Einstein for laying the foundations of this article 105 years ago when he published a paper titled “Do gravitational fields play an essential role in the structure of elementary particles?” Immediately before submission for publication, a few topics were added to this article - dark matter, precession, the Hodge conjecture, and the Riemann hypothesis.
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2024
Quiescence (G0) maintenance and exit are crucial for tissue homeostasis and regeneration in mammals. Here, we show that methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (Mecp2) expression is cell cycle-dependent and negatively regulates quiescence exit in cultured cells and in an injury-induced liver regeneration mouse model. Specifically, acute reduction of Mecp2 is required for efficient quiescence exit, as deletion of Mecp2 accelerates, while overexpression of Mecp2 delays quiescence exit, and forced expression of Mecp2 after Mecp2 conditional knockout rescues cell cycle reentry. The E3 ligase Nedd4 mediates the ubiquitination and degradation of Mecp2, and thus facilitates quiescence exit. Genome-wide study uncovered the dual role of Mecp2 in preventing quiescence exit by transcriptionally activating metabolic genes while repressing proliferation-associated genes. Particularly, disruption of two nuclear receptors (NRs),
Rara
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Nr1h3,
accelerates quiescence exit, mimicking the Mecp2 depletion phenotype. Our studies unravel a previously unrecognized role for Mecp2 as an essential regulator of quiescence exit and tissue regeneration.
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