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2024
Neighboring nations voiced severe protests when Japan unilaterally declared on August 23, 2023, that it intended to release radioactive effluent stockpiled since the Fukushima nuclear accident in 2011 into the ocean. Japan clearly breaches international law by acting in a way that is contrary to its duties for reasonable risk prevention, notification, and transboundary environmental impact assessment. In the international community, the question of transboundary injury accountability and compensation has long been of concern. International conventions addressing transboundary pollution are mostly framework agreements with soft law provisions, which means that their substantive impact on contracting parties' behavior is minimal. This article examines the national and personal obligations that the party in control of this nuclear wastewater discharge should have by combining concepts of international law, including the principle of attribution, state sovereignty, and international environmental protection. It examines the characteristics of international transboundary damage liability and compensation schemes from the standpoint of governments taking on international environmental responsibility.- Book : 43(1)
- Pub. Date : 2024
- Page : pp.87-92
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2024
Abstract
Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton, a member of the Lamiaceae family, is a versatile plant highly valued for its unique aroma and medicinal properties. Additionally, P. frutescens seeds are rich in α-linolenic acid, holding significant economic importance. While the nuclear and chloroplast genomes of P. frutescens have already been documented, the complete Mitochondrial genome sequence has yet to be reported. In this investigation, we conducted the sequencing, annotation, and assembly of the entire Mitochondrial genome of P. frutescens using a combination of Illumina and PacBio data. The resulting assembled P. frutescens Mitochondrial genome spans 299,551 bp and exhibits a typical circular structure, with a GC content of 45.23%. Within the genome, a total of 59 unique genes were identified, encompassing 37 protein-coding genes, 20 tRNA genes, and 2 rRNA genes, with 18 introns present in 8 protein-coding genes. Notably, the codons of the P. frutescens Mitochondrial genome display a notable A/T bias. Our analysis also revealed 293 dispersed repeat sequences, 77 simple sequence repeats (SSRs), and 6 tandem repeat sequences. Additionally, RNA editing sites exhibited a preference for the formation of leucine at amino acid editing sites. Furthermore, we identified 70 sequence fragments (12,680 bp) that have been transferred from the chloroplast to the Mitochondrial genome, accounting for 4.23% of the entire Mitochondrial genome. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that among Lamiaceae plants, P. frutescens is most closely related to Salvia miltiorrhiza and Platostoma chinense. Inter-species Ka/Ks results suggested that Ka/Ks <1 for 28 PCGs, indicating that these genes will continue to evolve under purifying selection pressure. The findings of this study will contribute to the enrichment of Mitochondrial genome data for P. frutescens and provide a theoretical foundation for future molecular breeding research on P. frutescens.- Book : ()
- Pub. Date : 2024
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2024
Voltage Transients are generated in power lines and emit both low-frequency electromagnetic fields and radio-frequency radiation. This study aims to highlight its existence and detrimental effects on human health. A comprehensive literature review is presented, encompassing studies by multiple authors exploring the topic of dirty electricity, its impact on well-being, and preventative measures. The electromagnetic spectrum analysis and measurements of both electric and magnetic fields are performed on various household appliances such as hair dryers, old televisions, blenders, heaters, toasters, vacuum cleaners, and microwaves. The findings indicates that microwaves and compact fluorescent lamps (CFL) bulbs exhibit similar spectral characteristics, with high-frequency voltage transients primarily originating from these two devices. Conversely, other appliances do not generate significant high-frequency voltage transients (HFVT). Overall, dirty electricity poses a substantial risk to human health and necessitates attention to minimize its adverse consequences.- Book : 2()
- Pub. Date : 2024
- Page : pp.19-25
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2024
Abstract
Selinexor, a first-in-class exportin1 (XPO1) inhibitor, is an attractive anti-tumor agent because of its unique mechanisms of action; however, its dose-dependent toxicity and lack of biomarkers preclude its wide use in clinical applications. To identify key molecules/pathways regulating Selinexor sensitivity, we performed genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 dropout screens using two B-ALL lines. We identified, for the first time, that paralogous DDX19A and DDX19B RNA helicases modulate Selinexor sensitivity by regulating MCL1 mRNA nuclear export. While single depletion of either DDX19A or DDX19B barely altered MCL1 protein levels, depletion of both significantly attenuated MCL1 mRNA nuclear export, reducing MCL1 protein levels. Importantly, combining Selinexor treatment with depletion of either DDX19A or DDX19B markedly induced intrinsic apoptosis of leukemia cells, an effect rescued by MCL1 overexpression. Analysis of Depmap datasets indicated that a subset of T-ALL lines expresses minimal DDX19B mRNA levels, and, in fact, either Selinexor treatment or DDX19A depletion effectively induced TP53-independent apoptosis of MOLT-3, a T-ALL line expressing low DDX19B levels. We conclude that XPO1 and DDX19A/B coordinately regulate cellular MCL1 levels and propose that DDX19A/B could serve as biomarkers for Selinexor treatment. Moreover, pharmacological targeting of DDX19 paralogs may represent a potential strategy to induce intrinsic apoptosis in leukemia cells.- Book : ()
- Pub. Date : 2024
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2024
- Book : ()
- Pub. Date : 2024
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2024
AbstractThe study of biological effects of high-dose-rate ionizing radiation using animal models remains an urgent problem. In the work, a comparison of proton-induced damage to embryos (the 9thpost-fertilization day) and 1-day-old baby chicks (the 18thpost-fertilization day) from irradiated eggs of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japónica) irradiated in and outside the Bragg peak with the conventional and ultra-high dose rate D (CONV D < 1 Gy/s, FLASH D ∼100 Gy/s and single-pulse flash - SPLASH D ∼106Gy/s, respectively) was carried out. The following criteria were used: survival, body weight and body length of embryos, weight of chicks, percentage of erythrocytes with anomalies (with micronuclei, without nuclei, with two nuclei), and the speed of movement of 1-day-old chicks in the open field test. The largest number of dead embryos was recorded after irradiation with 7 and 14 Gy in the plateau region of the proton trajectory. By the criteria of body weight and length, as well as the number of erythrocytes with micronuclei in 9-day-old embryos from eggs irradiated with a dose of 8.5 Gy in the Bragg peak, FLASH and SPLASH modes were found to be the least traumatic compared with the CONV mode. The weight of chicks from eggs irradiated with a dose of 4 Gy in the Bragg peak did not differ from the control and did not depend on the irradiation mode. The lowest death incidence and the smallest number of abnormal erythrocytes were recorded after FLASH and SPLASH irradiation; in chicks that hatched from eggs irradiated in the CONV mode, a tendency for an increase in the number of abnormal erythrocytes was observed. The speed of movement of chicks from FLASH- and SPLASH-irradiated eggs was comparable with that from unirradiated eggs, and chicks from eggs irradiated in the CONV mode were less active than chicks from unirradiated eggs and eggs irradiated in the other regimes. Thus, the irradiation of eggs with a beam of accelerated protons in the Bragg peak in the FLASH/SPLASH modes is less damaging for healthy tissues and for the development of embryos and chicks on the cellular, anatomical, and physiological levels.- Book : ()
- Pub. Date : 2024
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2024
Deep convection is the primary influence on weather and climate in
tropical regions. However, understanding and simulating the
shallow-to-deep (STD) convective transition has long been challenging.
Here, we conduct high-resolution numerical simulations to assess the
environmental controls on the evolution of isolated convection in the
Amazon during the wet season. Observations and large-scale forcing
derived through the constrained variational analysis approach for the
GoAmazon2014/5 experiments are used in the simulations and model
validation. The model consistently reproduces the GOAmazon observations
for precipitation, moisture, and surface fluxes of radiation, latent and
sensible heat. Through sensitivity experiments, we examine the relative
importance of moisture and vertical wind shear in controlling the STD
convective transition. Reducing the pre-convective humidity within the
lower 1.5 km significantly suppresses vertical development and lowers
the ice water path. Additionally, the maximum precipitation rate
decreases almost quadratically with column water vapor. Conversely, a
reduction of column water vapor above 1.5 km by a factor of two or more
is necessary to produce a comparable decrease in ice water path or
precipitation. Moderate low-level wind shear facilitates the STD
transition, leading to an earlier peak of ice water compared to stronger
wind shear or its absence. Although upper-level wind shear negatively
influences high cloud formation, its role in controlling the STD
transition is relatively smaller than that of low-level wind shear. Our
results help quantify the role of moisture and wind shear on the STD
transition, but also suggest that dynamic factors may exert a more
pronounced influence.- Book : ()
- Pub. Date : 2024
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2024
Malignant parotid tumors in childhood are extremely rarely diagnosed diseases. Due to the rare incidence, there is no consensus on their complex treatment, as well as on the application of postoperative radiation therapy (RT). We present a clinical case of acinic cell parotid carcinoma in a 12-year-old girl, against the background of which we emphasize the optimal complex therapeutic approach. Despite radical facial nerve-sparing parotidectomy in pT2N0 acinic cell parotid carcinoma, due to the two pathohistological negative factors/two foci with vascular tumor invasion and the close proximity of the resection line to the preserved facial nerve, we conducted postoperative adjuvant RT. Due to the risk of late radiation reactions of normal tissues and organs after RT in childhood, intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) with lower radiation doses in the target volumes was performed. Active surveillance and follow-up imaging studies are required for early diagnosis of possible recurrence or distant metastases.- Book : ()
- Pub. Date : 2024
- Page : pp.1-5
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2024
Uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC) poses significant clinical challenges due to its high incidence and poor prognosis, exacerbated by the lack of effective screening methods. The standard treatment for UCEC typically involves surgical intervention, with radiation and chemotherapy as potential adjuvant therapies. In recent years, immunotherapy has emerged as a promising avenue for the advanced treatment of UCEC. This study employs a multi-omics approach, analyzing RNA-sequencing data and clinical information from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), and GeneMANIA databases to investigate the prognostic value of MutL Homolog 1 (MLH1) gene expression in UCEC. The dysregulation of MLH1 in UCEC is linked to adverse prognostic outcomes and suppressed immune cell infiltration. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) data reveal MLH1’s involvement in immune-related processes, while its expression correlates with tumor mutational burden (TMB) and microsatellite instability (MSI). Lower MLH1 expression is associated with poorer prognosis, reduced responsiveness to Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors, and heightened sensitivity to anti-cancer agents. This comprehensive analysis establishes MLH1 as a potential biomarker for predicting prognosis, immunotherapy response, and drug sensitivity in UCEC, offering crucial insights for the clinical management of patients.- Book : 4(1)
- Pub. Date : 2024
- Page : pp.326-346
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2024
Abstract
Objective To study the impact of transducer arrays on the deep-site dosimetry of radiotherapy with concurrent tumor treating fields (TTFields) for glioblastoma.
Methods Firstly, the covering style of transducer arrays to CIRS-038 phantom was designed to simulate the 'extreme situation': four arrays were attached to the phantom as a style similar with that in clinical scene and, meanwhile, to assure that layer of interest of CIRS-038 was surrounded by twelve electrodes (three in each array). Then, eight patients undergone glioblastoma radiotherapy were selected, and the planed dose of each patient was delivered to the phantom with dosimetry film inside without and with transducer arrays. For the phantom with arrays, CBCT was used to check the dedicated covering style before dose delivery. Finally, Gamma-based consistency analysis was performed for two dose distributions for each plan (without/with arrays).
Results The covering style of the TTFields array met the requirements in 8 cases before dose delivery. Gamma indexes under the four criteria (2%/2 mm, 2%/3 mm, 3%/2 mm and 3%/3 mm) were (93.16±5.16)%, (96.08±3.49)%, (96.77±2.54)% and (97.96±1.61)%, respectively.
Conclusion Even in extreme situation (twelve electrodes covering the same cross-section), the perturbation of the TTFields arrays to the deep-site dose distribution of the radiotherapy for glioblastoma is weak and acceptable.- Book : ()
- Pub. Date : 2024
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