Removal of U(vi) in oxic groundwaters through the formation of low solubility U(vi) phosphate (bio)minerals, expanding the treatment envelope for in situ biomineralisation technologies.

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• Pub. Date : 2025
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The increasing importance of waste materials utilization with the necessary modification to remove various pollutants from industrial wastewater has been a research focus over the past few decades. Using waste material from one industry to solve pollution problems in another ultimately leads toward sustainable and circular approaches in environmental engineering, solving waste management and wastewater treatment issues simultaneously. In contemporary research and industry, there is a notable trend toward utilizing industrial wastes as precursors for adsorbent formation with a wide application range. In line with this trend, red mud, a byproduct generated during alumina production, is increasingly viewed as a material with the potential for beneficial reuse rather than strictly a waste. One of the potential uses of red mud, due to its specific composition, is in the removal of heavy metal and radionuclide ions. This study summarizes red mud’s potential as an adsorbent for wastewater treatment, emphasizing techno-economic analysis and sorption capacities. An overview of the existing research includes a critical evaluation of the adsorption performance, factors influencing efficiency rather than efficacy, and the potential for specific pollutant adsorption from aqueous solutions. This review provides a new approach to a circular economy implementation in wastewater treatment while guiding future research directions for sustainable and cost-effective solutions.

• Book : 13(2)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.107-107
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• Pub. Date : 2025
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In this paper, we show how the finite formulation of quantum field theory based on Callan-Symanzik equations can be generalized to the case of nonrenormalizable theories. We derive an equation for effective action for an arbitrary single scalar field theory, allowing us to perform computations without running in intermediate divergencies. We illustrate the method with the use of λϕ4+ϕ6/M2 theory by the explicit (and fully finite) calculations of the effective potential as well as two-, four- and six-point correlation functions at one-loop level and demonstrate that no quantum corrections to scalar mass m2, depending on M2 scale, are generated. Published by the American Physical Society 2025

• Book : 111(2)
• Pub. Date : 2025
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• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.111010-111010
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• Pub. Date : 2025
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• Pub. Date : 2025
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As the main pathogen causing growth retardation, EHP is considered to be mainly parasitic in the hepatopancreas of shrimp. However, the intestines of shrimp infected with EHP frequently exhibit syndromes such as jejunum and white midgut. Therefore, the challenge experiment was carried out in this study to compare the differences in intestinal histology, digestion and absorption, immune defense and oxidative stress of P. vannamei between the control group and EHP infection group. Histological analysis showed that EHP infection significantly damaged the intestine of the shrimp, including intestinal villus rupture and outer membrane impairment. Concurrently, EHP infection can trigger intestinal immune response, and the expression of key immune genes like Toll, myeloid differentiation factor, anti-lipopolysaccharide factor, and Relish was significantly enhanced, while the expression of IMD and alkaline phosphatase was suppressed. Additionally, antioxidant genes manganese superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 were up-regulated to varying extents in EHP infection group, and the contents of lipid peroxides and malondialdehyde were heavily accumulated. Moreover, the expression levels of key genes involved in nutrient absorption, transport and synthesis, such as glucose transporter 1, Na+-K+ATPase, fatty acid synthase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, rapamycin kinase, mTOR regulation-related protein, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein, ribosomal protein S6 kinase, were significantly up-regulated. However, the activities of amylase, lipase, and trypsin were inhibited in EHP infection group throughout the experiment. In summary, EHP infection damaged the intestine of P. vannamei, accompanied by immune response and oxidative stress. At the same time, nutrient transport and synthesis pathways were activated, while digestive enzyme activities were inhibited, indicating that in order to maintain survival, shrimps must accelerate material transport. Unfortunately, it remains in a state of nutrient deficiency that ultimately affects growth.

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• Pub. Date : 2025
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The GRAS [GRI (Gibberellic Acid Insensitive), RGA (Repressor of GAI-3 mutant), and SCR (Scarecrow)] transcription factors play a pivotal role in the development and stress responses of plants. Eucalyptus is an important fast-growing tree species worldwide, yet its poor cold tolerance limits its cultivation range. This study conducted a bioinformatics analysis of Eucalyptus grandis GRAS family and investigated the expression patterns of GRAS genes in different ploidy Eucalyptus under cold treatment. This study identified 92 EgrGRAS genes, which were divided into eight subfamilies. Interspecies synteny analysis found that E. grandis and Populus trichocarpa have more syntenic GRAS gene pairs. Chromosome localization analysis revealed that 90 EgrGRAS genes were found to be unevenly distributed across 11 chromosomes. Gene structure analysis found similar intron-exon structures in EgrGRAS genes. Protein motif analysis revealed that proteins within the same subfamily have certain structural similarities. The physical and chemical properties of the proteins encoded by EgrGRAS genes vary, but the ranges of amino acid numbers, molecular weights, and isoelectric points (pI) are similar to those of GRAS proteins from other species. Subcellular localization prediction using software found that 56 members of EgrGRAS family are localized in the nucleus, with a few members localized in the cytoplasm, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. Tobacco subcellular localization experiments verified a nuclear-localized GRAS transcription factor. Cis-acting element analysis predicted that EgrGRAS genes are involved in the growth as well as the response to hormones, light induction, and low-temperature stress. Transcriptome data analysis and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) experiments in diploid and triploid Eucalyptus urophylla found that some EgrGRAS genes exhibited upregulated expression under different cold treatment durations, with certain genes from the LISCL, PAT1, and DELLA subfamilies significantly upregulated in triploid Eucalyptus. These EgrGRAS transcription factors may play an important role in Eucalyptus response to cold stress. The study lays a molecular foundation for the breeding of cold-resistant Eucalyptus varieties.

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• Pub. Date : 2025
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Abstract Background Interfacial heterogeneity is widely explored to reveal molecular mechanisms of force-mediated pathways due to biased tension. However, the influence of cell density,, curvature, and interfacial heterogeneity on underlying pathways of mechanotransduction is obscure. Methods Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based stencils were micropatterned to prepare the micropores for cell culture. The colonies of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were formed by controlling cell seeding density to investigate the influences of cell density, curvature and heterogeneity on mechanotransduction. Immunofluorescent staining of integrin, vinculin, and talin-1 was conducted to evaluate adhesion-related expression levels. Then, immunofluorescent staining of actin, actinin, and myosin was performed to detect cytoskeleton distribution, especially at the periphery. Nuclear force-sensing mechanotransduction was explained by yes-associated protein (YAP) and laminA/C analysis. Results The micropatterned colony of hMSCs demonstrated the coincident characters with engineered micropores of microstencils. The cell colony obviously developed the heterogeneous morphogenesis. Heterogeneous focal adhesion guided the development of actin, actinin, and myosin together to regulate cellular contractility and movement by integrin, vinculin, and talin-1. Cytoskeletal staining showed that actin, actinin, and myosin fibers were reorganized at the periphery of microstencils. YAP nuclear translocation and laminA/C nuclear remodeling were enhanced at the periphery by the regulation of heterogeneous focal adhesion (FA) and cytoskeleton arrangement. Conclusions The characters of the engineered clustering colony showed similar results with prepared microstencils, and colony curvature was also well adjusted to establish heterogeneous balance at the periphery of cell colony. The mechanism of curvature, spreading, and elongation was also investigated to disclose the compliance of FA and cytoskeleton along with curvature microarrays for increased nuclear force-sensing mechanotransduction. The results may provide helpful information for understanding interfacial heterogeneity and nuclear mechanotransduction of stem cells.

• Book : 30(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
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