Air pollution in urban centers comes from anthropogenic activities. Tropospheric ozone (O3) depends on chemical precursors that promote an increase in its production, mainly in wind-dominated and large green areas. It is a gas produced by a series of complex chemical reactions catalyzed by sunlight in the atmosphere. It can be concentrated to a greater or lesser extent depending on factors such as the amount of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), the amount of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), the intensity of solar radiation, or by climatic conditions such as temperature and other factors. The objective of this study was to predict tropospheric ozone levels from Land Surface Temperature (LST) data of Landsat 8 in the city of Durango, Dgo. Tropospheric O3 and LST values were obtained from 14 sampling points in the urban area of the city of Durango, of which 11 were obtained by collecting from temperature-monitoring station data and the rest from three fixed monitoring stations established in the city, specifically located in Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (SRNyMA), Durango Institute of Technology (ITD) and Interdisciplinary Research Center for Regional Integral Development Durango Unit (CIIDIR). A correlation analysis was performed for the 12 months of the year 2023. Subsequently, a linear regression analysis was executed for each month. The results showed a greater positive correlation between O3 concentration and temperature for January (r = 0.91); additionally, this period showed a greater goodness of fit in the prediction of O3 (R2 = 0.91; RMSE = 0.65 ppm). The LST allows for the spatial prediction of ozone concentrations in terms of covering complete urban areas without measuring air stations.

• Book : 5(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.3-3
• Keyword :

In the context of the disposal of spent radioactive fuel, heat-emitting radionuclides such as Cs and Sr are of utmost concern, as they have a major influence on the distance at which disposal galleries should be spaced apart and, thus, the cost of a disposal facility. Therefore, certain scenarios investigate the partitioning and transmutation of spent fuel to optimize the disposability of both Cs- and Sr-rich waste streams and the remaining fractions. In this study, the Cs- and Sr-rich waste stream, a nitrate-based solution, was immobilized in metakaolin and blast furnace slag-based alkali-activated matrices. These matrices were chosen for immobilization because they are known to offer advantages in terms of durability and/or heat resistance compared with traditional cementitious materials. The goal of this study is to develop an optimal recipe for the retention of Cs and Sr. For this purpose, recipes were developed following a design-of-experiments approach by varying the water-to-binder ratio, precursor, and waste loading while respecting matrix constraints. Leaching tests in deionized water showed that the metakaolin-based matrix was superior for the combined retention of both Cs and Sr. The optimal recipe was further tested under accelerated leaching conditions in an ammonium nitrate solution, which revealed that the leaching of Cs and Sr remained within reasonable limits. These results confirm that alkali-activated materials can be effectively used for the immobilization and long-term retention of heat-emitting radionuclides.

• Book : 17(4)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.1756-1756
• Keyword :

Abstract: Choroidal osteoma is a rare, slow-growing intraocular osseous tumor. Limited information is available regarding the management of tumors growing toward the fovea. In this study, we present two cases of growing choroidal osteoma that were successfully treated with proton beam radiation therapy. In one case, tumor growth toward the fovea in a 12-year-old female was treated with proton beam radiation as the primary intervention. In the other, proton beam radiation was used after photodynamic therapy failed to control tumor growth in a 16-year-old female with choroidal osteoma. Both cases demonstrated sustained tumor growth cessation for 42 and 38 months, respectively. Low-dose proton beam radiation appears to be an effective treatment option to halt tumor growth and preserve vision, though long-term follow-up is essential.

• Book : ()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page :
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AbstractLarge double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses have been shown to have a wide host range in insects. However, their infection in ants has not yet been described. In this study, a novel filamentous virus, Camponotus japonicus labial gland disease virus (CjLGDV), was identified in the enlarged labial gland ofCamponotus japonicus. By transmission electron microscopy, the nucleus of infected labial gland cell was shown to be full of non-enveloped nucleocapsids, and enveloped virus particles were observed in the cytoplasm. Genome sequencing analysis shows that CjLGDV possesses a circular dsDNA genome of 142 kb. By sequence alignment, a CjLGDV-like viral genome was found inAnoplolepis gracilipes, and conservation of gene synteny was observed between CjLGDV and the CjLGDV-like virus. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that CjLGDV and CjLGDV-like virus represent two members of a novel virus family, distantly related to unclassified Apis mellifera filamentous virus and Apis mellifera filamentous-like virus. These viruses have common genomic characteristics and key conserved genes with the viral members in the orderLefavirales, classNaldaviricetes. By mining public databases, CjLGDV-related endogenous viral elements (EVEs) were detected in the genome of multiple ant species, and phylogenetic analysis indicated a long-term coevolutionary relationship between the EVEs and its host. These findings expand the known lineage of nuclear arthropod large DNA viruses (NALDVs), broaden our understanding of their host range, and reveal a long and frequent interaction history between CjLGDV and its ant hosts.

• Book : ()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page :
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AbstractPurposeThe unique design of the MR‐linac may restrict the use of effective immobilization devices, resulting in significant patient setup variations (PSVs). The purpose of this study is to analyze the PSVs on the Elekta Unity system and investigate their impact on adaptive planning.MethodsThe PSVs for 10 brain, 10 pancreas, five prostate, and five rectum patients previously treated on Elekta Unity were analyzed. The five prostate and five pancreas plans were selected to investigate the impact of PSVs on adaptive planning. The reference scans were shifted by 1, 2, and 3 cm in the left–right (LR) and superior–inferior (SI) directions to simulate PSVs. Both the adaptive‐to‐position (ATP) and adaptive‐to‐shape (ATS) workflows were executed. The adaptive planning time, number of monitor units (MUs), and dosimetric metrics quantifying target coverage and organ‐at‐risks (OARs) sparing were compared.ResultsFor brain treatments, the average/maximum PSVs were −0.2 ± 0.3 cm/0.8 cm (LR), 0.3 ± 0.7 cm/1.8 cm (SI), and 0.8 ± 0.7 cm/1.8 cm in the anterior–posterior (AP) direction. For pancreas treatments, the PSVs are −0.1 ± 1.0 cm/3.8 cm (LR), −0.1 ± 0.8 cm/3.5 cm (SI), and 0.3 ± 0.3 cm/1.3 cm (AP). Pelvis treatments had similar PSVs as pancreas treatments. The ATS workflow took two to three times longer than the ATP workflow. The only trend observed was that the plan MUs increased slightly (< 10%) with PSVs in the ATP workflow for prostate patients. Both workflows effectively reproduced target coverage and OAR sparing, regardless of the magnitude of the PSVs.ConclusionsSignificant PSVs were observed on Elekta Unity due to suboptimal patient immobilization. Using prostate and pancreas treatments as examples, we demonstrated that adaptive planning can effectively accommodate such PSVs. Nevertheless, efforts should be made to minimize PSVs—particularly rotations—to mitigate intra‐fraction motion and reduce treatment time.

• Book : ()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page :
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• Book : 32()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page :
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A full-core three-dimensional multi-physics calculation method was researched based on the Lead cooled fast reactor (LFR) code system MOSASAUR, which is focused on both core steady-state and transient analyses of LFR.In the previous version of MOSASAUR, cross-sections generation module and core steady-state simulation module have been developed. In this research, the stiffness confinement method is employed to solve the timedependent multi-group neutron transport equation to expand the capabilities of core transient analyses. And the thermal hydraulic calculation method is developed as thermal feedback module for core steady-state and transient analyses. Based on the fixed-point iteration scheme, the neutron module and thermal hydraulic module are coupled at each time step. The LMW benchmark and the problem based on ORAL 19-rod bundle are employed to verify the accuracy of transient calculation and thermal hydraulic module respectively. Finally, the multi-physics calculation method is utilized to simulate the transient process of the MicroURANUS core. The simulation results demonstrate the capability of the constructed multi-physics calculation framework to accurately simulate the transient behaviors of LMRs. Numerical results showed the good accuracy of the newly-developed multi-physics calculation module with MOSASAUR.

• Book : 57(3)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.1-8
• Keyword :

• Book : 129()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.107093-107093
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The semimetallic behavior of the perovskite iridate SrIrO3 shifts the end member of the strongly spin-orbit (SO) coupled Ruddlesden-Popper series Srn+1IrnO3n+1 away from the Mott insulating regime and the half-filled pseudospin Jeff=12 ground state well established in the layered iridates (n=1 and 2). To investigate the robustness of the SO coupled ground state of SrIrO3, x-ray absorption spectroscopy was carried out at the Ir L2,3 edges under hydrostatic pressure up to 50 GPa at room temperature. The effective SO coupling was deduced from the branching ratio (BR) of the Ir L2 and L3 white lines. With increasing pressure, the BR decreases, and the Ir L2,3 peak positions shift to higher energies. The number of 5d holes remains constant, indicating that the spectral weight redistribution and peak shifts arise from orbital mixing between t2g and eg related states. The expectation value of the angular part of the SO operator 〈LS〉 decreases by ∼15% at 50 GPa. This reduction, which is very similar to that observed in the layered iridates, is well explained by an increase of the octahedral crystal field due to the shortening of the Ir-O bond length under compression. Consistent with theoretical predictions, the orbital mixing and 〈LS〉 decrease as the crystal field increases. However, the effective SO coupling remains robust against pressure and does not indicate a covalency-driven breakdown within the investigated pressure range. Published by the American Physical Society 2025

• Book : 111(7)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page :
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• Book : 231()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.112607-112607
• Keyword :