Einstein's general theory of relativity not only revolutionized our understanding of the universe but also led to numerous gravitational applications on large spatial scales, such as gravitational-wave astronomy and the operation of the global positioning system. On Earth, the gravitational redshift has been experimentally observed over spatial scales ranging from a few millimeters to thousands of kilometers. However, finding an application of gravitational effects in a quantum system at small spatial extensions on Earth remains a challenge. Along this line, we introduce a structured x-ray waveguide that serves as an x-ray mode converter, and its performance is influenced by an altitude change in the order of millimeters or even microns. Our results suggest that the gravitational redshift can be another way to fine adjust the x-ray detuning for any devices using a nuclear clock transition. Published by the American Physical Society 2025

• Book : 7(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
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Intracranial solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) and hemangiopericytoma (HPC) are rare mesenchymal tumors with significant vascularization, often misdiagnosed as meningiomas. Surgical resection is the primary treatment, with postoperative radiotherapy increasingly recognized for its role in improving recurrence-free survival. However, standard radiotherapy regimens remain undefined. We retrospectively analyzed clinical data from 12 patients diagnosed with SFT/HPC who underwent surgical resection and postoperative intensity-modulated radiotherapy. Clinical information, imaging findings, treatment methods, and outcomes were reviewed. Surgical resection achieved complete or subtotal tumor removal in all cases. Postoperative radiotherapy was administered to 8 patients. During follow-up, 3 patients experienced tumor recurrence, necessitating reoperation, while 1 patient died due to complications. Those who received radiotherapy showed a trend towards reduced recurrence. Surgical resection remains the cornerstone of SFT/HPC treatment, with adjuvant radiotherapy potentially improving outcomes. However, individualized treatment strategies and long-term follow-up are crucial due to the tumor’s propensity for recurrence. Further research is needed to optimize treatment approaches and enhance patient survival and quality of life.

• Book : 104(6)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.e41336-e41336
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• Pub. Date : 2025
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Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the function of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostate-specific antigen density (PSAd) in the screening of prostate cancer in individuals with Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Methods: This study was retrospective and cross-sectional. 467 patients who underwent transrectal ultrasound-guided 10-12 core prostate biopsy between 01 January and 31 December 2022 were included. Through the hospital information management system, the demographics, radiological, biochemical, and pathological results of the patients were scanned. Results: PSAd>0.15 ng/mL/cm³ and total PSA (t-PSA)>8.58 ng/mL were substantially associated with an elevated probability of the existence of cancer when all patients were included. PSAd>0.19 ng/mL/cm³ and t-PSA>11.34 ng/mL were shown to be strongly associated with an elevated risk of cancer in patients with DM (P<0.001). PSAd>0.14 ng/mL/cm³ and t-PSA>8.49 ng/mL were substantially associated with an elevated probability of cancer presence in individuals without a diagnosis of DM. PSAd>0.15 ng/mL/cm³ and t-PSA>8.58 ng/mL were substantially associated with an elevated probability of cancer presence in individuals with fasting blood glucose (FBG) <126 mg/dL (P<0.001). It has been established that PSAd cannot be utilized as a marker to predict cancer in people with FBG≥126 mg/dL (P=0.070). Higher cancer risk was substantially correlated with t-PSA values of >5.73 ng/mL (P=0.001). Conclusions: The change in prostate volume brought on by high blood glucose levels might be the cause of PSAd's lack of selectivity. Patients with DM are a special group in prostate cancer screening, and this should be considered when establishing cancer screening algorithms.

• Book : ()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.1-9
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For pets, healthy hair not only represents their beautiful appearance, but also reflects their overall health status. Nutritional imbalance, skin parasites, and stress can all cause a large amount of hair loss in pets, leading to skin-related diseases and posing a threat to their health. So, it is very important to understand and find solutions to alleviate or treat pet hair loss. The Wnt/β-catenin signal plays a core role in the hair regeneration process. Here, we report that keratin hydrolyzed, egg yolk lecithin, and fish collagen peptide promote β-catenin nuclear translocation and significantly enhance the expression of their target genes in canines and cats skin cell lines, indicating that these nutrients are likely to play a beneficial role in promoting hair regeneration in canines and cats.

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• Pub. Date : 2025
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Background/Objectives: Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming neuroimaging by enhancing diagnostic precision and treatment planning. However, its applications in pediatric cancer neuroimaging remain limited. This review assesses the current state, potential applications, and challenges of AI in pediatric neuroimaging for cancer, emphasizing the unique needs of the pediatric population. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted, focusing on AI’s impact on pediatric neuroimaging through accelerated image acquisition, reduced radiation, and improved tumor detection. Key methods include convolutional neural networks for tumor segmentation, radiomics for tumor characterization, and several tools for functional imaging. Challenges such as limited pediatric datasets, developmental variability, ethical concerns, and the need for explainable models were analyzed. Results: AI has shown significant potential to improve imaging quality, reduce scan times, and enhance diagnostic accuracy in pediatric neuroimaging, resulting in improved accuracy in tumor segmentation and outcome prediction for treatment. However, progress is hindered by the scarcity of pediatric datasets, issues with data sharing, and the ethical implications of applying AI in vulnerable populations. Conclusions: To overcome current limitations, future research should focus on building robust pediatric datasets, fostering multi-institutional collaborations for data sharing, and developing interpretable AI models that align with clinical practice and ethical standards. These efforts are essential in harnessing the full potential of AI in pediatric neuroimaging and improving outcomes for children with cancer.

• Book : 17(4)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.622-622
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AbstractThe synthesis of 4,5‐bis(hydroxymethyl)‐2‐methylpyridin‐3‐ol tetraphenylborate complex in water using an anion exchange process yielded more than 76 %. The resulting white complex was obtained and characterized using various spectroscopic and analytical techniques, including ultraviolet, infrared radiation (IR), mass, elemental analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The antimicrobial activity of the formed ion‐associate complex was evaluated. The structural, electrical, and bonding properties of a novel pyridoxine‐tetraphenylborate ion‐pair complex was explored using B3LYP/6‐311G(d,p) DFT simulations. Geometries designed for negative complexation energy showed thermodynamically beneficial complex formation. Reduced density gradient (RDG) analysis and non‐covalent interaction (NCI) plots showed that van der Waals forces are essential to complex stability. Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) study detected weak and moderate hydrogen bonds in the complex using bond critical point (BCP) features. These results reveal how molecules form and stabilize the pyridoxine‐tetraphenylborate ion‐pair complex. To know the interaction between receptors and bioactive chemicals, one must understand the mechanism of the ionic complexes formed between bioactive chemicals and/or organic molecules.

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• Pub. Date : 2025
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Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) require precise small-field dosimetry, verified through patient-specific quality assurance (PSQA). This study evaluated the feasibility of using a single-crystal cadmium–zinc–telluride (Cd0.9Zn0.1Te, CZT) detector for PSQA in SRS and SBRT. We fabricated a CZT detector with Au electrodes and examined its fundamental characteristics, including dose linearity, dose rate dependence, energy dependence, angular dependence, source-to-surface distance (SSD) dependence, field size dependence, depth dependence, and reproducibility, under 6 and 10 MV LINAC beam irradiation and compared the results with those from a standard ionization chamber. The results revealed that the CZT detector demonstrated excellent linearity across 0–1000 cGy with minimal deviation in the low-dose region, negligible dose rate dependence, and minimal energy dependence, exhibiting a 2.2% drop at 15 MV relative to 6 MV. Its angular and SSD dependencies deviated slightly from the ionization chamber, consistent with the expected physical behaviors and correctable in clinical practice. The detector also revealed consistent performance over time with excellent reproducibility, and its depth dependence results were consistent with those of the ionization chamber. Thus, the CZT detector provides consistent performance in small-field measurements under varying conditions, satisfying the requirements for SRS and SBRT.

• Book : 15(4)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.1693-1693
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Abstract Background Our previous clinical investigation suggested that hypofractionated stereotactic re-irradiation (HFSRT) and PD-1 blockade may act synergistically to enhance the immune response against glioma. This subsequent trial investigated the dual blockade of CTLA4 and PD-1 in combination with HFSRT and bevacizumab. Methods This phase I study enrolled eligible patients with bevacizumab-naïve recurrent glioblastoma or anaplastic astrocytoma. Participants received nivolumab, ipilimumab and bevacizumab concurrently with HFSRT (3000 cGy in 5 fractions). Subsequently, nivolumab, ipilimumab and bevacizumab were administered for a total of 4 cycles followed by nivolumab and bevacizumab until progression. The primary end point of this study was safety and tolerability of HFSRT in combination with nivolumab, ipilimumab, and bevacizumab in patients with recurrent HGGs. Secondary end points included 6-months survival and 9-months survival. Results Twenty-six patients were treated. Treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) of grade 3 or 4 were observed in 12 (48%) of evaluable patients with no unexpected TRAEs. Six-months and 9-months survival were 92% (95% CI, 82 to 100%) and 75% (95% CI, 60 to 95%), respectively. The median progression-free survival and overall survival were 7.1 months (95% CI, 5.2–12.2) and 15.6 months (95% CI, 11.3–27.0), respectively. Conclusions The combination of HFSRT with ipilimumab, nivolumab and bevacizumab is safe. Our results underscore the potential synergies between stereotactic re-irradiation and checkpoint immunotherapy in patients with recurrent high-grade gliomas.

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• Pub. Date : 2025
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Hydrophone is a key component of marine seismic exploration systems, divided into a scalar hydrophone and vector hydrophone. The electrochemical vector hydrophone has attracted much attention due to its high sensitivity and low-frequency detection capability. With the development of noise reduction technology, high-frequency noise has been effectively suppressed, while low-frequency noise is still difficult to control, which has become a key issue in the monitoring of underwater target radiation noise. The traditional electrochemical vector hydrophone based on the molecular electron transfer (MET) principle is limited in the working bandwidth in the low-frequency band, which affects the detection capability of low-frequency radiation signals from underwater targets. In order to solve this problem, a frequency response extension method of a MET electrochemical vector hydrophone based on dynamic feedback network is proposed. By introducing a dynamic force balance negative feedback system based on a digital signal processor (DSP), the working bandwidth of the hydrophone is extended, and the detection capability of low-frequency signals is enhanced. At the same time, the system has field adjustability and can resist the long-term system frequency characteristic drift. Experimental results show that the proposed method effectively improves the frequency response performance of the electrochemical vector hydrophone, providing a new technical solution for its application in the monitoring of low-frequency radiation noise from underwater targets.

• Book : 15(3)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.1620-1620
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