• Book : 79()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.103846
• Keyword :

Abstract

We report on an example of teaching material for analyzing the decay process of the radiation dose rate without using actual radioactive materials. Radiation dose rate data related to the 2011 Fukushima nuclear power plant accident has been obtained from monitoring posts across Japan and is publicly available on the Internet. Changes in radiation dose rates over 10 years can be analyzed using the least squares method on theoretical curves using Microsoft Excel. We explore the educational potential of this open data as a tool for instructors who teach physics experiments as part of introductory education in university science and engineering departments. This teaching material using open data is a much less time-consuming and inexpensive way to learn about the decay process of the radiation dose rate while ensuring safety. The analysis results could provide students with a wide range of topics for discussion that include the connection between data and real-world problems, and between environmental and energy issues.

• Book : 46(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.015801
• Keyword :

Abstract

Cross-coupling among the fundamental degrees of freedom in solids has been a long-standing problem in condensed matter physics. Despite its progress using predominantly three-dimensional materials, how the same physics plays out for two-dimensional materials is unknown. Here, we show that using ³¹P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), the van der Waals antiferromagnet NiPS3 undergoes a first-order magnetic phase transition due to the strong charge-spin coupling in a honeycomb lattice. Our ³¹P NMR spectrum near the Néel ordering temperature $ T_{\text{N}} = 155 $ K exhibits the coexistence of paramagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases within a finite temperature range. Furthermore, we observed a discontinuity in the order parameter at $ T_{\text{N}} $ and the complete absence of critical behavior of spin fluctuations above $ T_{\text{N}} $, decisively establishing the first-order nature of the magnetic transition. We propose that a charge stripe instability arising from a Zhang-Rice triplet ground state triggers the first-order magnetic transition.

• Book : 37(5)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.055801
• Keyword :

Abstract

The study aimed to investigate the feasibility of dynamic glucose‐enhanced (DGE) MRI technology in the clinical application of glioma. Twenty patients with glioma were examined using a preoperative DGE‐MRI protocol before clinical intervention. A brief hyperglycemic state was achieved by injecting 50 mL of 50% w/w D‐glucose intravenously during the DGE imaging. The total acquisition time for the DGE was 15 min. Area‐under‐the‐curve (AUC) images were calculated using the DGE images. AUC2-7min values of the glioma core, margin area, edema area, and contralateral brain parenchyma were compared using Mann-Whitney U tests. Overall, gray and white matter areas in the AUC images showed relatively low DGE signal change and bilateral symmetry. However, the tumor cores displayed a significant hyperintensity. A high DGE signal change was also seen in the necrotic, cystic, and cerebrospinal areas. These results show that DGE MRI is a feasible technique for the study of brain tumors as part of a clinical exam. Importantly, DGE MRI showed enhancement in areas confirmed histopathologically as tumors, whereas Gd T1w MRI did not show any enhancement in this area. Since the D‐glucose molecule is smaller than Gd‐based contrast agents, DGE MRI may be more sensitive to subtle blood-brain barrier disruptions, thus potentially providing early information about possible malignancy. These findings provide a new perspective for the further exploration and analysis of D‐glucose uptake in brain tumors.

• Book : 38(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.e5265
• Keyword :

• Book : 1010()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.116749
• Keyword :

• Book : 10(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.101667
• Keyword :

• Book : 56(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.101782
• Keyword :

Abstract

Background

Induction chemotherapy of docetaxel plus cisplatin (TP) is myelosuppressive, leading to severe neutropenia and febrile neutropenia (FN). Herein, we aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of mecapegfilgrastim in the prevention of neutropenia in patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma who received the TP regimen.

Methods

A total of 30 treatment‐naive patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma were included in this study. Mecapegfilgrastim 6 mg was injected 24-48 h after the completion of induction chemotherapy with the TP regimen.

Results

The incidence of grade ≥3 neutropenia during the three induction chemotherapy cycles was 6.7% (95% CI, 0.8%-22.1%). In the first cycle of chemotherapy, the incidence of grade ≥3 neutropenia was 3.3% (95% CI, 0.1%-17.2%). No FN or antibiotic usage was reported. All 30 patients completed the induction chemotherapy cycles.

Conclusion

Mecapegfilgrastim effectively reduced the incidence of chemotherapy‐induced neutropenia and FN in patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

• Book : 47(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.263-268
• Keyword :

Abstract

In this work, the transfer of heat and changes in fluid pressure within a rectangular channel fairly packed with porous material have been studied numerically for various Darcy numbers and dimensionless porous layers. The model was run with the following assumptions: laminar flow, forced convection, isotropic porous material, local thermodynamic equilibrium, constant wall temperature boundary condition, and no thermal dissipation. The study covers a broad range for the dimensionless porous layer, 0 ≤ hr < 1, and the Darcy number, 10⁻⁴ < Da < 10⁻². The fully developed and developing flow over the channel is investigated in numerical study. It was observed that the inertia effect may be disregarded when Da < 10⁻⁴. The local dimensionless bulk temperature distribution, pressure drop, and velocity profiles were all shown to be impacted by the Darcy number and dimensionless porous layers, according to the numerical analysis results. The maximum heat transfer rate was attained when the ratio of the porous layer inside the channel was 0.8, and the pressure gradient was the highest. Partial packing of the channel with a porous material has two advantages: it increases the rate heat transmission rate and results in a much smaller pressure drop than a filled porous medium.

• Book : 54(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.5-20
• Keyword :

For many synchrotron radiation experiments, it is critical to perform continuous, real-time monitoring of the X-ray flux for normalization and stabilization purposes. Traditional transmission-mode monitors included metal mesh foils and ionization chambers, which suffered from low signal stability and size constraints. Solid-state detectors are now considered superior alternatives for many applications, offering appealing features like compactness and signal stability. However, silicon-based detectors suffer from poor radiation resistance, and diamond detectors are limited in scalability and are expensive to produce. Silicon carbide (SiC) has recently emerged as an alternative to both materials, offering a high-quality mature semiconductor with high thermal conductivity and radiation hardness. This study focuses on a systematic exploration of the SiC `free-standing membrane' devices developed by SenSiC GmbH. In particular, we performed in-depth sensor-response analysis with photon energies ranging from tender (1.75 keV) to hard (10 keV) X-rays at the Four-Crystal Monochromator beamline in the PTB laboratory at the synchrotron radiation facility BESSY II, studying uniformity of transmission and responsivity compared with the state-of-the-art beam monitors. Furthermore, we theoretically evaluated the expected signal in different regions of the sensors, also taking into account the effect of charge diffusion from the SiC substrate in the case of the not-carved region.

• Book : 32(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page :
• Keyword :