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2025
AbstractDespite the crucial role of bioaerosol particles (BAP) in our climate system, local ecosystems, and human health, our grasp on their atmospheric interactions is hampered by a lack of high‐resolution and long‐term data, which is essential for understanding their abundance and variability in response to meteorological conditions. To discern these relationships in a high‐altitude mountainous terrain is even less well‐studied. Therefore, we deployed a Wideband Integrated Bioaerosol Sensor (WIBS‐Neo) for three months during the first biologically active season of the Surface Atmosphere Integrated Field Laboratory (SAIL) campaign in summer 2022 on Mt. Crested Butte in Colorado (elevation 3,140 m ASL). Here, we report real‐time fluorescent BAP (FBAP) data collected from 15 June to 13 September 2022, sampled from within the ARM Aerosol Observing System (AOS). To our knowledge, these are the first high altitude (>3,000 m ASL) continuous measurements of FBAP made in North America. During this deployment, we observed on average 21% and as many as 48% (hourly maximum) of particles within the detection size range ( to ) of the WIBS as FBAP. Our analysis presents the diurnal cycles for seven distinct types of FBAP, showing unique patterns and, in some cases, correlations with temperature and solar radiation cycles. Abundance and composition of FBAP varied with relative humidity and precipitation. Precipitation events appeared to both cause emission and removal of FBAP, whereas dust and smoke events had no significant effect, highlighting the critical role of meteorology on FBAP at high altitudes.- Book : 130(4)
- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
- Book : 22()
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.e04354-e04354
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2025
ABSTRACTBackgroundFor delivering high radiation doses to pancreatic tumors, organ motion management is indispensable; however, studies on this are limited. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of dynamic tumor tracking (DTT) moderately hypofractionated intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC).MethodsPatients with histological confirmation for LAPC were included. A linac system, which was mounted with a gimbal function, was used for DTT‐IMRT. The prescribed dose was 48 Gy in 15 fractions. The primary endpoint was the 1‐year rate of freedom from locoregional progression (FFLP).ResultsDTT‐IMRT was successfully administered in 25 patients enrolled from four institutions. The median range of respiratory motion during DTT‐IMRT was 9.8 mm (range: 3.5–27.3 mm), and the median tracking accuracy was 2.6 mm (range: 0.7–5.2 mm). With a median follow‐up period of 13.9 months, the 1‐year FFLP rate was 75.3% (lower limit of one‐sided 80% confidence interval [CI]: 60.2%), which satisfied the predetermined primary endpoint. One‐year locoregional progression‐free survival, progression‐free survival, and overall survival were 56.0% (95% CI: 34.8%–72.7%), 44.0% (95% CI: 24.5%–61.9%), and 60.0% (95% CI: 38.4%–76.1%), respectively. Regarding nonhematologic toxicities, grade 3 acute gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity was observed in two patients (8%), and two patients (8%) each experienced grade 3 late GI and non‐GI toxicities. No grade 4 or 5 nonhematologic toxicities were observed.ConclusionsDTT moderately hypofractionated IMRT shows preferable locoregional control without significant toxicity in patients with LAPC.Trial RegistrationUMIN000017521- Book : 14(3)
- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
- Book : ()
- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
- Book : 215()
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.111235-111235
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2025
Purpose: Ketone bodies could be useful biomarkers in multiple sclerosis (MS) because the pathophysiological processes underlying MS disease progression induce metabolic stress. The purpose was to assess the relationships of ketone bodies with biomarkers of metabolic, inflammatory, and oxidative stress in MS. Methods: Blood samples and neurological assessments were obtained from 153 healthy controls (HC), 187 relapsing-remitting (RRMS), and 91 progressive MS (PMS) patients. AcAc, BHB, and acetone were measured using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Indices of inflammatory vulnerability (IVX), metabolic malnutrition (MMX), and metabolic vulnerability (MVX) were computed from the NMR profiles. Cholesterol, apolipoprotein, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant profiles were obtained. Regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and HC, RRMS, or PMS disease status. Results: AcAc and BHB levels were greater in MS compared to HC. BHB and ketone bodies were positively associated with disability on the MS Severity Scale and ambulation time. BHB was positively associated with IVX, MMX, and MVX. AcAc was positively associated with MMX and negatively associated with IVX and MVX. Total ketone body concentration was positively associated with MMX and MVX. BHB and AcAc levels were negatively associated with the amino acids alanine, valine, and leucine. Conclusions: Ketone bodies are associated with inflammatory vulnerability, metabolic vulnerability, and ambulatory disability measures in MS.- Book : 17(4)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.640-640
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2025
- Book : ()
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.111722-111722
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2025
Thiopyrimidines represent one of the most active classes of compounds, possessing a wide spectrum of biological activities. Herein, we report the synthesis of 2-(heptylthio)pyrimidine-4,6-diamine (HPDA) via S-alkylation. The structure of HPDA was elucidated using 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC), high resolution mass (HRMS), and infrared (IR) spectroscopies.- Book : 2025(1)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.M1965-M1965
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2025
Background/Objective: Osteocytes are the most abundant cell type in the skeleton, with key endocrine functions, particularly in regulating osteoblast and osteoclast activity to maintain bone quality. Angiotensin II (Ang II), a critical component of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, is well-known for its role in vasoconstriction during hypertension. Beyond its cardiovascular functions, Ang II participates in various biological processes, including bone metabolism. While its influence on osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, and osteoclastogenesis has been documented, its effects on osteocytes remain unexplored. This study hypothesized that Ang II enhances the osteoclastogenic activity of osteocytes. Methods: Mouse calvariae were cultured ex vivo in an Ang II-containing medium, analyzed via immunohistochemistry, and evaluated for osteoclastogenic gene expression through real-time PCR. Western blotting was employed to assess protein levels and signaling pathway activation in the MLO-Y4 osteocytic cell line in vitro. Results: Ang II significantly increased the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). These effects were abrogated by azilsartan, a blocker targeting Ang II type 1 receptors (AT1R). p38 and ERK1/2 in the MAPK pathway were also activated by Ang II. Conclusions: Ang II enhances osteocyte-mediated osteoclastogenesis via AT1R activation, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for bone diseases.- Book : 13(2)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.426-426
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2025
The mobile catenary is installed in the railway loading and unloading line, which could significantly increase the railway freight volume, provide a practical and efficient alternative to the traditional mobile catenary, and greatly improve the sustainability of electrified railroad freight transport. The increase in freight volume also leads to greater traction load and a more complex electromagnetic environment. To study whether the electromagnetic environment when the mobile catenary works meets the power frequency electromagnetic field exposure limit stipulated by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, this paper performed an experiment on the sunken mobile catenary. The results showed that the maximum magnetic induction intensity near the ground is 0.03 mT, and the peak electric field intensity on the ground is 1.1 KV/m. The finite element software is adopted to establish the pantograph–catenary model and mobile catenary model according to Principles of Electric Field Calculation and Finite Element Theory, and the space electric field is numerically simulated to study the changes in electric field intensity and distribution of electric field in catenary when the catenary arc occurs. The simulated results are basically consistent with the experimental results, to verify the reliability of the simulation model, which could effectively solve the difficulty and high cost of the experiment. The conclusion proves that the equipment meets the regulations and it highlights the potential, which provides a cost-effective and scalable solution for the electromagnetic environment when the mobile catenary works.- Book : 17(4)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.1518-1518
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