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2025
ObjectiveStereotactic centralized/core ablative radiation therapy (SCART) is a novel radiotherapy approach. This study investigates the potential benefits of proton-based SCART (pSCART) by leveraging the dosimetric advantages of protons and integrating them with the SCART technique.MethodsFive clinical cases previously treated with conventional proton therapy were selected for this study. The pSCART plans utilized a relative biological effectiveness (RBE) prescription dose of 24 Gy (RBE) × 3 fractions, with each plan consisting of three to five fields. The prescribed dose for the CyberKnife SCART was the highest value meeting the organs-at-risk (OARs) dose limits and the tumor edge dose limits. The dose distributions of the CyberKnife-based SCART and pSCART plans were compared using five criteria: i) prescription dose; ii) 80% prescription dose volume, targets coverage at 80% and 20% dose levels, and the 80%/20% ratio; iii) volume receiving >5 Gy outside the tumor edge; iv) dose tolerance limits to OARs; and v) mean dose to OARs.ResultspSCART can deliver a higher prescription dose of 24 Gy × 3 fractions versus SCART’s 15 Gy × 2–3 fractions or 18 Gy × 2 fractions. Specifically, pSCART outperforms SCART in terms of the 80% prescription dose volume and 80% dose level coverage of stereotactic centralized/core target volumes (SCTV) achieving 69.77%–100.00% versus SCART’s 43.6%–99.5%. The 20% dose level coverage for gross target volume (GTV) is slightly lower for pSCART, achieving 88.96%–98.64% versus SCART’s 90.1%–99.9%. The maximum point dose outside the target volume is lower for pSCART at 4.58–6.19 Gy versus SCART’s 4.78–6.67 Gy; additionally, the V5Gy at the tumor edge is significantly smaller for pSCART at 5.93–23.72 cm3 versus SCART’s 6.85–151.66 cm3. The average dose to most OARs in the pSCART plan is lower than in the SCART plan.ConclusionsThis work provides initial insights into evaluating treatment plans for bulky tumors using pSCART. Compared to the CyberKnife SCART, pSCART generates significantly higher prescription doses and larger high-dose regions within the GTV while delivering lower doses at the tumor edge, enhancing normal tissue sparing.- Book : ()
- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
Dear Editor,
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important diagnostic imaging modality, especially in children where radiation exposure is an important concern. As children undergoing MRI scans need to lie still for an extended period of time in an environment with loud noises, sedation is often required.1 However, its use comes with risks of adverse cardiorespiratory events2-3 and utilisation of hospital resources when children are admitted for monitoring post-sedation. Optimising the MRI environment, distraction techniques and the use of mock scanners minimises the need for sedation in children.4-8 A multi-faceted approach, which combines these components, has been shown to be effective in children as young as 4 years old.9-10- Book : ()
- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
- Book : 8(1)
- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
- Book : 43()
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.101923-101923
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2025
X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) has become a pivotal technique for exploring nanoscale dynamic phenomena across various materials, facilitated by advancements in synchrotron radiation sources and beamline upgrades. The recent Extremely Brilliant Source (EBS) upgrade at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) in Grenoble, France, has notably improved brilliance and coherence length, thereby enhancing the capabilities of XPCS and related techniques. Here, we present a dedicated setup on the D2AM beamline at the ESRF, enabling simultaneous XPCS and wide-angle X-ray scattering measurements. The setup developed and its performance are detailed in the first part. Then, the XPCS capabilities are evaluated by studying polymer-based materials, with particular attention to the effects of temperature, crystallinity and macromolecular orientation on polymer dynamics. The study on the influence of temperature revealed that XPCS in the case of entangled polymers is an efficient technique to probe the dynamics of the macromolecular network, complementary to classical spectroscopy techniques. In addition, in situ measurements during the polymer crystallization revealed that increased crystallinity slows down macromolecular dynamics. Conversely, studies on stretched samples indicate that macromolecular orientation accelerates these dynamics. This work represents a novel investigation into the effect of crystallinity on macromolecular dynamics using XPCS, opening new avenues for research in polymer science.- Book : 32(3)
- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
Inflammation contributes to the onset and development of many diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, caused by the activation of microglia, leading to neurological deterioration. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is one of the most relevant pathways for identifying anti-inflammatory molecules. In this study, polygodial and isotadeonal, two drimane sesquiterpene dialdehydes, were isolated from Drimys winteri, a medicinal tree of the Mapuche people in Chile. Isotadeonal, or epi-polygodial, was obtained from polygodial by epimerization in basic media (60% yield, Na2CO3, r/t, 24 h). Both sesquiterpenoids were evaluated on the NF-κB pathway, with the result that isotadeonal inhibited the phosphorylation of IκB-α at 10 μM with higher potency by Western blotting. The final inhibition of the pathway was evaluated using a SEAP reporter (secreted alkaline phosphatase) on THP-1 cells. Isotadeonal inhibited SEAP with higher potency than polygodial, quercetin, and CAPE (phenethyl ester of caffeic acid). In silico analysis suggests that the α-aldehyde of isotadeonal adopts a more stable conformation in the active pocket of IκB-α than polygodial.- Book : 30(7)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.1555-1555
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2025
Abstract
We investigated the emission of electromagnetic waves from the stainless-steel hollow needle to mesh corona and quasi-periodical spark discharge without and with airflow through the negative needle electrode in the frequency range below 500 MHz. We showed that there is no electromagnetic waves emission from the pulseless corona discharge. After the discharge transition to the quasi-periodical spark, high-amplitude current pulses correlate with the bursts of electromagnetic radiation. We demonstrated that the spectral distribution of emitted radiation is independent of the discharge voltage, current, and airflow through the needle electrode. We found that the highest peak of the power level of the electric component of emitted waves occurs at the frequency of 15.2 MHz, and the power level of emitted radiation as a function of frequency gradually decreases.
Graphical abstract
- Book : 79(4)
- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a significant global health concern, leading to substantial mortality and long-term disability. The intricate pathophysiology of TBI involves primary mechanical damage followed by a cascade of secondary injury events, including neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. The nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in orchestrating the inflammatory response post-TBI and has emerged as a potential therapeutic target. This preclinical study aimed to investigate the efficacy of NeuroAid™ (MLC601), a traditional herbal medicine, in modulating NF-κB expression and improving outcomes in a rat model of TBI.
Methods: This study employed a true experimental in vivo design with a post-test only control group. Male Wistar rats (n=18) were randomly divided into two groups: a control group (n=9) subjected to TBI via a weight-drop method, and an experimental group (n=9) subjected to the same TBI procedure followed by intraperitoneal administration of NeuroAid™ (MLC601) at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg body weight at 5 minutes, 8 hours, and 16 hours post-injury. NF-κB expression in brain tissue samples collected 1 hour after the final dose was assessed using immunohistochemistry and quantified by an immunoreactivity score considering both the intensity and percentage of NF-κB expression.
Results: Immunohistochemical analysis revealed the presence of NF-κB expression in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of neurons in both the control and experimental groups. While the experimental group treated with NeuroAid™ (MLC601) exhibited a lower average immunoreactivity score (0.93) compared to the control group (1.29), the difference in NF-κB expression between the two groups was not statistically significant (p = 0.122).
Conclusion: In this preclinical study using a Wistar rat model of TBI, the administration of NeuroAid™ (MLC601) did not result in a statistically significant reduction in NF-κB expression compared to the untreated control group. Although a trend towards lower NF-κB expression was observed in the NeuroAid™-treated group, further research with larger sample sizes, different dosages, and extended treatment durations is warranted to fully elucidate the potential therapeutic effects of NeuroAid™ (MLC601) in the management of traumatic brain injury.- Book : 9(6)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.7728-7740
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2025
Mathematical modeling plays a crucial role in the advancement of cancer treatments, offering a sophisticated framework for analyzing and optimizing therapeutic strategies. This approach employs mathematical and computational techniques to simulate diverse aspects of cancer therapy, including the effectiveness of various treatment modalities such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. By incorporating factors such as drug pharmacokinetics, tumor biology, and patient-specific characteristics, these models facilitate predictions of treatment responses and outcomes. Furthermore, mathematical models elucidate the mechanisms behind cancer treatment resistance, including genetic mutations and microenvironmental changes, thereby guiding researchers in designing strategies to mitigate or overcome resistance. The application of optimization techniques allows for the development of personalized treatment regimens that maximize therapeutic efficacy while minimizing adverse effects, taking into account patient-related variables such as tumor size and genetic profiles. This study elaborates on the key applications of mathematical modeling in oncology, encompassing the simulation of various cancer treatment modalities, the elucidation of resistance mechanisms, and the optimization of personalized treatment regimens. By integrating mathematical insights with experimental data and clinical observations, mathematical modeling emerges as a powerful tool in oncology, contributing to the development of more effective and personalized cancer therapies that improve patient outcomes.- Book : 5(2)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.40-40
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2025
Abstract
In the process of spherical near-field measurements for antennas, incomplete near-field data acquisition due to obstructions in certain regions can significantly affect the accuracy of the antenna radiation pattern test results. To address the far-field pattern errors caused by missing data, an inverse distance weighting interpolation method is proposed to restore the missing near-field data before performing the near-to-far-field transformation, thereby reducing the impact of missing data on the far-field results. The far-field radiation pattern after data restoration shows a significant improvement compared to before restoration, with average error reductions of 2.6707 dB in the E-plane and 1.5108 dB in the H-plane. Additionally, the obtained far-field radiation pattern closely matches the simulated pattern, indicating that this method is effective in restoring missing near-field data.- Book : 2991(1)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.012027-012027
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