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Energy transition involves the use of renewable energy sources to replace fossil and nuclear fuels. Energy transition issues are in the spotlight of both the global community and Azerbaijan, where the significant potential of renewable energy sources has served as the basis for integrating renewable energy into the country's energy supply system. The article provides a bibliometric analysis of current research issues on the technological aspects of energy transition using metadata of publications indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection abstract database over the past 4 years using the VOSviewer program. Three main areas of scientific research were identified: the impact of renewable energy sources on sustainable development and optimization of energy consumption; technological innovations; and environmental benefits of energy transition. The results indicate significant interest in optimizing the production, use, and utilization of energy resources, prospects for the development of renewable energy, and ensuring environmental sustainability. The results can serve as a basis for developing effective government strategies for energy transition. This study emphasizes the importance of the transition to sustainable energy sources in the context of combating climate change and ensuring environmental sustainability. The results, based on the analysis of modern trends and practices, can serve as a basis for developing effective government strategies and programs aimed at achieving sustainable development and reducing the negative impact on the environment in the energy sector.- Book : 151()
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- Page : pp.02007-02007
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ABSTRACTBackgroundExcessive lipogenesis of the skin triggers some dermatological concerns, such as enlarged pores, acne, and blackheads. Although topical drug treatments can offer temporary relief, their prolonged usage may lead to side effects of dryness, irritation, or allergic reactions. Consequently, the development of safer and efficacious ingredients in cosmetics for managing sebum overproduction represents a significant yet challenging endeavor.AimSaponins were extracted from tea (Camellia sinensis) seed meal and purified by macroporous resin in order to investigate the impact of tea seed saponins (TSS) on lipid production in human immortalized sebaceous cells. Moreover, we attempted to reveal the underlying mechanism of TSS on the sebosuppression effect in SZ95 sebocytes stimulated by linoleic acid (LA).MethodsThe compositions and chemical structures of TSS were determined using UV–vis absorption spectrum, Fourier transform‐infrared (FTIR) spectrum, and ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry analysis. An in vitro model of cellular lipid accumulation induced by LA was established. Total lipid synthesis in intracellular SZ95 sebocytes was assessed through Nile Red staining, while triglyceride, cholesterol, and fatty acids were quantified by commercially assay kits. Western blot and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction were employed to analyze the protein expression levels involved in the AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway as well as the downstream protein and mRNA expressions of sterol regulatory element‐binding protein‐1 (SREBP‐1), peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ), and fatty acid synthase (FAS). The localizations of SREBP‐1 within the cytoplasm or nucleus were characterized using immunofluorescence staining.ResultsFive saponins were identified in the extracted TSS, all of which were oleanic acid‐type pentacyclic triterpenes. TSS treatment significantly alleviated LA‐induced lipid accumulation in SZ95 sebocytes. In addition, TSS activated the AMPK/mTOR pathway and downregulated the downstream protein and mRNA expression of transcription factors and enzymes, including SREBP‐1, PPARγ, and FAS. Moreover, the TSS blocked the nuclear transfer of SREBP‐1 from cytoplasm to nucleus.ConclusionIn human sebocytes, TSS exhibited sebosuppressive effect as revealed by the inhibited production of total lipids as well as triglyceride, cholesterol, and fatty acids. Moreover, the anti‐lipogenesis mechanism by TSS involved the activation of the AMPK/mTOR pathway and downregulated downstream transcription factors and enzymes of SREBP‐1, PPARγ, and FAS. Additionally, TSS blocked the SREBP‐1 nuclear translocation. These results may justify the potent of TSS as a new candidate for modulating lipogenesis in human SZ95 sebocytes.- Book : 24(1)
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Abstract
We investigate the sensitivity of the 21 cm power spectrum from cosmic dawn and the epoch of reionization to models of free-streaming dark radiation (parameterized through N
eff) and interacting dark radiation-dark matter models (DM-DR). The latter models have gained attention for their potential in addressing recent cosmological tensions and structure formation challenges.
We perform a Fisher matrix analysis under different assumptions regarding the astrophysical modeling, and forecast the sensitivity of HERA observations, combined with CMB data from Planck and the Simons Observatory (SO), to N
eff and DM-DR interaction modeled using the ETHOS framework assuming a constant scattering rate between the two components.
Most importantly, we find that 21 cm observations can improve the sensitivity to the DM-DR interaction rate by up to four order of magnitude compared to Planck and SO. Conversely, in the limit of low interaction rate (which asymptotically matches N
eff), CMB data dominates the constraining power, but the inclusion of HERA data can provide a ∼ 20% improvement in sensitivity over CMB data alone.
Moreover, we find that HERA observations will be able to probe a region of the DM-DR interaction parameter space which is promising to explain the weak lensing amplitude `S
8' tension. Our results demonstrate the complementarity of 21 cm and CMB data in exploring dark sector interactions.- Book : 2025(01)
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