Background/Objectives: This study aimed to determine whether interim PET/CT (iPET) scans could identify follicular lymphoma (FL) patients at high risk of relapse following first-line therapy. Methods: A total of 117 FL patients who underwent iPET scans were included, with responses interpreted using the Deauville score (DS). Progression-free survival (PFS) was evaluated over a median follow-up of 34 months. Results: Overall, 34% of patients were classified as iPET (+), with significantly worse estimated 5-year PFS compared to iPET (−) patients (34% vs. 76%, hazard ratio 4.3, p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis confirmed iPET (+) as an independent predictor of PFS. Conclusions: Interim PET results are significant predictors of PFS in FL first-line therapy and could inform response-adapted treatment strategies.

• Book : 17(7)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.1065-1065
• Keyword :

As a widely recognized emittance measurement technique, the Q-scanning method typically plays a crucial role in the commissioning process of accelerator-based beam injectors. The Q-magnet, being a pivotal component, significantly influences the measurement capability, thus warranting detailed examination in this study. By reassessing the measurement outcomes of the Q-magnet, the impact of fringe fields on emittance measurement precision is thoroughly scrutinized within this framework. Subsequently, corrections to the transfer matrices of the Q-scanning system under different excitation currents are implemented by revisiting fundamental beam optic principles. Moreover, virtual measurements via both theoretical calculations and beam dynamics simulations are conducted to validate these corrections, utilizing the setup of an existing beam injector established at Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Both the theoretical and experimental results indicate that the measurement accuracy of the Q-scanning technique can be improved by correcting the fringe field effects.

• Book : 57(5)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.325-337
• Keyword :

The liquid lead lithium blanket is considered to be one of the most promising blanket concepts. Oxide Dispersion Strengthened (ODS) steel probably emerge as an important candidate for blanket structure material for its substantial enhancement of neutron radiation resistance and mechanical strength at high temperature. However, during the long-term operation of fusion reactor, it’s inevitable for structural material and its welded joints to experience adverse corrosion from liquid lead lithium. In this paper, the self-developed rotating corrosion apparatus was used to conduct a corrosion test of laser-welded ODS steel exposed to liquid lead lithium for thousands of hours. The influence of corrosion time on the corrosion of ODS steel laser welding was analyzed.The results show that the corrosion rates of ODS steel and its welded joints are 76 and 88.6 μm⋅year 􀀀 1, respectively. After 5000 h of exposure, various pits and gullies are observed on the surface of weld zone, while penetrating cracks are clearly visible in the cross-section. Corrosion occurs preferentially from austenite grain boundaries, and the corrosion mechanism is mainly the dissolution of Fe and Cr alloying elements. Meanwhile, a decrease in the hardness of the welded joints with the increase of corrosion time is observed

• Book : 57(5)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.1-42
• Keyword :

Microporous metal materials have promising applications in the high-temperature industry for their high heat exchange efficiency. However, due to their complex internal structure, analyzing the heat transfer mechanisms presents a great challenge. This I confirm work introduces a mathematical model to accurately calculate the radiative thermal conductivity of microporous open-cell metal materials. The finite element and lattice Boltzmann methods were employed to calculate the thermal conduction and thermal radiation conductivities separately and validated for aluminum foams, with the relative errors all less than 9.3%. The results show that the thermal conductivity of microporous metal materials mainly increased with an increase in temperature and volume-specific surface area but decreased with an increase in porosity. Analysis of the spectral radiation characteristics shows that the surface plasmon polariton resonance and the magnetic polariton resonance appearing at the gas–solid interface of the metal foam significantly increase the dissipation effect of the gas–solid interface, further reducing the metal foam’s heat transfer efficiency. This indicates the potential of this work for use in the design of specific microporous metal materials like energy management devices or heat transfer exchangers in the aerospace industry.

• Book : 18(6)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.1529-1529
• Keyword :

Nuclear waste, a result of nuclear energy production, is of great importance because it requires long-term and safe management solutions. The aim of this study is to immobilize radioactive waste in a ceramic matrix to prevent the spread of radioactive waste to the environment during storage in underground storage areas.Ceramic matrices with high chemical resistance, low leaching rate and low cost, which meet the basic expectations for the immobilization of Cs, one of the important fission products, were developed in a ceramic matrix consisting of natural minerals. For this purpose, natural analog minerals, zeolite and bentonite, were preferred as the main matrix in ceramics for the immobilization and permanent storage of cesium waste due to their adaptability to the geological formation of radioactive waste storages. How the phases are formed after the sintering process in waste immobilized ceramics and how cesium is incorporated into the structure of two different mineral types were investigated. The chemical durability of waste immobilized ceramics produced using chemically stable cesium salts was tested. Structural analyses of the prepared ceramics were also performed.Considering the results, it was determined that ceramic structures prepared using minerals are suitable for use in the immobilization of radioactive waste.

• Book : 57(5)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.1-42
• Keyword :

Diffusion welding creates monolithic joints with complex interiors, such as in the printed circuit heat exchanger (PCHE) for high-temperature reactors. PCHEs are mainly subjected to low cycle fatigue, which is caused by thermal contraction and expansion during the start-up/shutdown. To utilize PCHEs in high-temperature reactors, it is essential to understand the cyclic behaviors of the diffusion weldment (DFW). In this study fatigue tests were conducted on Alloy 800H in its as-received (AR) state with the diffusion weldment at 650 degrees C and 760 degrees C and a total strain range of 0.5-1.2 %. The heat absorbed during the diffusion welding process softened the DFW, allowing it to accommodate large plastic strains. Fatigue tests revealed that the fatigue life of the DFW was longer than that of the AR where the plastic strain dominates the fatigue life. However, the fatigue life of the DFW was shorter than that of the AR where the materials resisted the cyclic behavior based on their strengths. The location of crack initiation was outside the diffusion welding interface, indicating that the cyclic behaviors of the diffusion weldment depend on the thermal history of the manufacturing process.

• Book : 57(7)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page :
• Keyword :

Abstract The radiation dosimetry used to measure the ionizing radiation dose delivered during X-ray imaging procedures in planar radiography units, especially in fluoroscopy, is the dose-area product (DAP). DAP is used as the primary parameter for recording diagnostic reference levels, which are guidance values for optimizing patient radiation dose. DAP is reported by the system’s DAP meter, which needs to be calibrated appropriately. This study evaluates the influence of dosimeters and field markers on the accuracy of DAP levels in the DAP meter in situ calibration method. The aim of this study is to recommend a combination of dosimeter types and field markers with the highest accuracy for the beam-area method. Two methods of DAP meter in situ calibration were compared: the tandem method with a reference DAP meter as the reference DAP value and the beam-area method using ion chamber dosimeters, solid-state dosimeters, as well as field markers from digital radiography (DR) and computed radiography. This method was applied to the DAP meter in the Allura XPER FD 20 angiography (Philips, Amsterdam, the Netherlands) unit. The results showed that the combination of ion chamber dosimeter and DR field markers at a distance of 55 cm produced the most accurate DAP values (lowest root mean square error value, 0.10). The recommended calibration method can be used to confirm the actual DAP value in X-ray imaging in a planar radiography unit.

• Book : 50(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.167-172
• Keyword :

Objectives/Goals: Our study’s objective is to evaluate RadOnc-GPT, a GPT-4o powered LLM, in generating responses to in-basket messages related to prostate cancer treatment in the Radiation Oncology department. By integrating it with electronic health record (EHR) systems, the goal is to assess its impact on clinician workload, response quality, and efficiency in healthcare communication. Methods/Study Population: RadOnc-GPT was integrated with patient EHRs from both hospital-wide and radiation-oncology-specific databases. The study examined 158 pre-recorded in-basket message interactions from 90 non-metastatic prostate cancer patients. Quantitative natural language processing analysis and two randomized single-blinded grading studies, involving four clinicians and four nurses, were conducted to evaluate RadOnc-GPT’s response quality in completeness, correctness, clarity, empathy, and estimated editing time. Response times were measured to estimate the time saved for clinicians and nurses. The study population included patient messages across all phases of care (pre-, during, and post-treatment) for those undergoing radiotherapy. Results/Anticipated Results: In the single-blinded grader study, clinician graders evaluated 316 responses (158 from human care teams and 158 from RadOnc-GPT). Results showed RadOnc-GPT outperformed human responses in empathy and clarity, while humans excelled in completeness and correctness. Sentiment analyses using TextBlob and VADER revealed RadOnc-GPT responses had a positive mean score of 0.25, whereas human responses clustered around neutral. VADER analysis indicated a high median score for RadOnc-GPT, nearing 1.0, reflecting predominantly positive sentiment, while human responses displayed a broader sentiment range, indicating sensitivity to context. Clinicians averaged 3.60 minutes (SD 1.44) to respond, compared to 6.39 minutes (SD 4.05) for nurses, highlighting RadOnc-GPT’s efficiency in generating timely responses. Discussion/Significance of Impact: RadOnc-GPT effectively generated responses to individualized patient in-basket messages, comparable to those from radiation oncologists and nurses. While human oversight is still necessary to avoid errors, RadOnc-GPT can speed up response times and reduce pressure on care teams, shifting their role from drafting to reviewing responses.

• Book : 9(s1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.68-68
• Keyword :

According to the ALARA principle, workers in radiation field must use dosimeters at working sites to ensure that annual effective dose does not exceed 50 mSv. However, traditional dosimeters assess radiation levels only after post-processing, which lack a real-time monitoring system. To overcome this limitation, a real-time path-based 3D exposure dose mapping system was developed by integrating a survey-meter and a 3D scanner using the SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) algorithm. This advanced system allows simultaneous spatial scanning and dose measurement, enabling free movement in complex indoor/outdoor environments. As workers navigate the area, the system generates a point cloud dataset (PCD) of the environment, recording that coordinates and measured dose rates. This dataset is visually presented in real-time, following the worker's path in 3D space. Additionally, a Deep Neural Network (DNN) model was created to produce a 3D dose rate distribution map. By using the path coordinates as input and corresponding doses as output, the model predicts dose rate throughout the entire PCD. These predictions were used to create a 3D map, with color and brightness adjusted based on dose rates. The system was implemented with LiDAR and a Geiger-M & uuml;ller detector, then successfully tested in preliminary experiments.

• Book : 57(6)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page :
• Keyword :

AbstractInelastic scattering poses a significant challenge in electron crystallography by elevating background noise and broadening Bragg peaks, thereby reducing the overall signal-to-noise ratio. This is particularly detrimental to data quality in structural biology, and the diffraction signal is relatively weak. These effects are aggravated even further by the decay of the diffracted intensities as result of accumulated radiation damage, and rapidly fading high-resolution information can disappear beneath the noise. Loss of high-resolution reflections can partly be mitigated using energy filtering, which removes inelastically scattered electrons and improves data quality and resolution. Here, we systematically compared unfiltered and energy-filtered MicroED data from proteinase K crystals, first collecting an unfiltered dataset followed directly by a second sweep using the same settings but with the energy filter inserted. Our results show that energy filtering consistently reduces noise, sharpenes Bragg peaks, and extends high-resolution information, even though the absorbed dose was doubled for the second pass. Importantly, our results demonstrate that high-resolution information can be recovered by inserting the energy filter slit. Energy-filtered datasets showed improved intensity statistics and better internal consistency, highlighting the effectiveness of energy filtering for improving data quality. These findings underscore its potential to overcome limitations in macromolecular electron crystallography, enabling higher-resolution structures with greater reliability.

• Book : ()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page :
• Keyword :