Addressing the black hole information paradox necessitates the exploration of various hypotheses and theoretical frameworks. Among these, the proposition to utilize quantum entanglement, as introduced by Don N. Page, shows great promise. This study builds upon Page’s theoretical foundation and proposes a simplified model for elucidating the evolution of black hole von Neumann entropy. This model simulates the process of Hawking radiation using entangled photon pairs. Our experiment suggests that quantum entanglement may offer a plausible avenue for resolving the paradox, thereby lending support to Page’s proposal. The results suggest that this model may contribution to the exploration of one of the most profound puzzles in theoretical physics.

• Book : 27(3)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.236-236
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Realistic 3D rendering and viewpoint synthesis have become essential in industries such as robotics, healthcare. The development of techniques like NeRF and Gaussian Splatting has greatly advanced rendering capabilities. However, their performance is satisfactory only under ideal conditions, such as perfect lighting and the absence of occlusions, which are rarely encountered in real-world scenarios. To address this limitation, we propose the integration of thermal imaging sensors into Gaussian Splatting. Thermal imaging, which captures infrared radiation emitted by objects, offers robustness in low-light and occluded environments. Additionally, we introduce a thermal mapping process combined with a keyframe selection method that accounts for non-uniformity correction, effectively extracting feature points from low-texture and noisy thermal images, thereby enhancing structure-from-motion outcomes. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed approach outperforms existing methods under challenging lighting conditions, improving the accuracy of 3D rendering across various techniques.

• Book : 20(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.104-111
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• Pub. Date : 2025
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ABSTRACTThe Rev Response Element (RRE) forms an oligomeric complex with the viral protein Rev to facilitate the nuclear export of intron-retaining viral RNAs during the late phase of HIV-1 infection. However, our structural understanding of this crucial virological process remains limited. In this study, we determined several crystal structures of an intact RRE stem-loop II in two distinct conformations, performed negative-staining electron microscopy and molecular dynamics simulations, and revealed that this three-way junction RNA exhibits remarkable structural plasticity. Throughin vitroRev-binding andin vivoRev-activity assays using various stem-loop II mutants designed to favor one of the conformers, we demonstrated that the structural plasticity of stem-loop II modulates Rev binding and oligomerization. Our findings illuminate emerging perspectives on RRE dynamics-based regulation of HIV-1 RNA nuclear export and provide a framework for developing anti-HIV drugs that target specific RRE conformations.

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• Pub. Date : 2025
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• Book : ()
• Pub. Date : 2025
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• Pub. Date : 2025
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AbstractNew anodic electrocatalysts with high performance and cost‐effectiveness at large current densities help advance the emerging anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer (AEMWE) technology. To this end, a ruthenium (Ru) single atoms and sulfur (S) anions dual‐doped NiFe layered double hydroxides (Ru‐S‐NiFe LDH) catalyst is reported with remarkably low alkaline oxygen evolution reaction (OER) overpotentials, high mass activities and prolonged stabilities at high current densities. Inspiringly, the AEMWE performance on Ru‐S‐NiFe LDH is also superior to the NiFe LDH. In‐depth mechanism investigations reveal that Ru single atoms not only act as the highly active sites, but also facilitate the conductivity of NiFe LDH. Meanwhile, S anions accelerate the electrochemical reconstruction of NiFe LDH to OER‐active NiFeOOH and alleviate the over‐oxidation issue on Ru active sites. Benefiting from these, Ru‐S‐NiFe LDH shows significantly enhanced OER activity and stability. Theoretical calculations further validate the decreased OER free energy difference brought about by the Ru single atoms and S anions dual‐doping. This study offers a proof‐of‐concept that the noble metal single atoms and anions dual‐doping is a feasible strategy to construct the promising 3d transition metal‐based electrocatalysts toward the practical alkaline water electrolyzer.

• Book : ()
• Pub. Date : 2025
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• Book : ()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.1-1
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• Pub. Date : 2025
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Background: Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) due to variants of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-beta (HNF1β) (MODY5) has not been well studied in the Chinese population. This study aimed to estimate its prevalence and evaluate the application of a clinical screening method (Faguer score) in Chinese early-onset diabetes (EOD) patients.Methods: Among 679 EOD patients clinically diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (age at diagnosis ≤40 years), the exons of HNF1β were sequenced. Functional impact of rare variants was evaluated using a dual-luciferase reporter system. Faguer scores ≥8 prompted multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) for large deletions. Pathogenicity of HNF1β variants was assessed following the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guidelines.Results: Two rare HNF1β missense mutations (E105K and G454R) were identified by sequencing in five patients, showing functional impact in vitro. Another patient was found to have a whole-gene deletion by MLPA in 22 patients with the Faguer score above 8. Following ACMG guidelines, six patients carrying pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant were diagnosed with MODY5. The estimated prevalence of MODY5 in Chinese EOD patients was approximately 0.9% or higher.Conclusion: MODY5 is not uncommon in China. The Faguer score is helpful in deciding whether to perform MLPA analysis on patients with negative sequencing results.

• Book : 49(2)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.321-330
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