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2025
Abstract
Research on adolescent migrants has prioritized deficit- and adaptation-based approaches, with scarce attention to non-pathologizing perspectives. Faced with this challenge, the study of this population’s understanding of well-being was articulated as a framework capable of strengthening the available knowledge. Qualitative studies on understandings of well-being have contributed to its perception as contextual, multifaceted and changing (Fattore et al., 2021). However, as Hunner-Kreisel and März (Child Indicators Research, 12(2), 425–442, 2019) posit, progress is still required in integrating critical perspectives. Considering this gap, incorporating the intersectional approach allowed the present study to learn about the understandings of well-being from a critical perspective, with a focus on the experiences in the new local space, elaborated by Latin American adolescent migrants living in Barcelona. These understandings were analyzed and articulated following the proposal of Winker and Degele (European Journal of Women’s Studies, 18(1), 51–66, 2011), organized in the levels: identity constructions, symbolic representations and social structures. For the case of adolescent migrants, exploring understandings of well-being from this critical analytical approach strengthens a contextual and historically situated understanding by making oppressions and agencies visible. A qualitative design was used that included semi-structured interviews and the use of photographs as triggers for dialogue with 10 participants between 11 and 18 years of age. The results identify and describe four central understandings of well-being that Latin American adolescent migrants, participants in the study, construct around their new local space: (1) Process of transformations (new identifications, differentiations, belongings) and facing challenges as experiences that enhance a positive sense of self, by perceiving capabilities and growth; (2) Nuclear and extended family as a space of continuity and emotional support; (3) Development of reflective capacity, in terms of comparative analysis between the territory of origin and the new one, generating a sense of understanding of the world and evaluations of present and future living conditions; and (4) Practices that challenge social asymmetry: agency, oriented to include difference; recognition of the relevance of bonds and social support, of linguistic integration and of the inclusive functioning of the school system. This study contributes to advancing critical perspectives on well-being, challenging universalist and psychologistic approaches. The findings offer practical insights for the design of psychosocial interventions and inclusive policies that strengthen adolescents’ agency, promote their inclusion, and address the complex challenges faced by migrant youth in transnational contexts.- Book : ()
- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
Abstract
The vibrationally resolved ground state Yacora model for H2 (Yacora H2(X1, v)) has
been used to calculate the vibrational distribution and thus from the cross-sections of the
Yacora H2(X1, v) model effective rate coefficients for molecular processes relevant to
detachment. A reduced and extended implementation of Yacora H2(X1, v) was constructed
to form EIRENE-style databases for use in SOLPS-ITER. The reduced implementation
utilises the same processes as EIRENE, but with updated cross-sectional data, whilst the
extended implementation adds additional processes. The improved cross-sectional data
lowers the threshold for molecular charge exchange compared to AMJUEL, whilst the
inclusion of the additional processes boosts the vibrational excitation in the molecular
ground state providing the additional excitation energy required for molecular charge
exchange to be significant at low temperatures (Te < 5 eV ). When applied to a
SOLPS-ITER isolated divertor leg setup, both implementations produce greater levels of
molecular charge exchange that result in elevated molecular ion densities (D2+) than the
default rate setup. The higher levels of D2+ contribute to detachment via increased levels of
Molecular Activated Recombination and Molecular Activated Dissociation. These
plasma-molecular interactions elevate the neutral population. During detachment this has
a strong impact on power and momentum losses, as well as elevated levels of Balmer α line
emission and an earlier onset of the ion target flux rollover. These effects are strongest
when the extended database is used.- Book : ()
- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
- Book : ()
- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
Background: The registry-based collection of detailed cancer and late effect (LE) data in childhood and adolescent cancer (CAC) is rarely explored. Aim: We aimed to provide an overview of CAC registration practices in Europe and share a Slovenian example. Methods: We distributed a questionnaire among European cancer registries on disease, treatment and LE registration and present the system at the Slovenian Cancer Registry along with an example of retrospectively collected LE data from a cohort of central nervous system tumour survivors from 1983 to 2000. Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression were used to calculate the LE incidence. Results: Out of 27 responding registries, over 80% registered cancer type, vital status, death and second primary cancer data. Less than 20% registered cumulative doses of radiation and systemic therapy or progressions. Only three registered LEs. The obstacles in setting up LE collection in registries are a lack of standardization in the variable sets, definitions and methods of collection. In the retrospective cohort, neurological and endocrine LEs were most common. Females had a higher risk of endocrine LEs (HR of 1.89; 95% CI of 1.08–3.31), while patients treated with radiotherapy had higher risks of endocrine (3.47; 1.80–6.69), musculoskeletal and skin LEs (3.16; 1.60–6.26) and second primary cancers (2.85; 1.18–6.75). Conclusions: Standardization and harmonization are necessary to promote detailed CAC and LE registration.- Book : 17(4)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.580-580
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2025
Abstract
A study of EPC-type 3D printer materials has been carried out, which has the potential to become a kidney organ phantom. The parameters studied include material density, CT-Number, electron density, effective atomic number, and radiation dose, as well as to determine the visibility of kidney cancer nodules on variations in CT-Scan exposure voltage. The phantom sample was printed using a 3D printer in the shape of a kidney organ. The CT-Scan exposure voltage is set at 80 kV, 100 kV, and 120 kV. The nodule diameters were 2 mm, 4 mm, 6 mm, 8 mm, and 10 mm. The research showed that the material’s density was 1.05 grams/cm3. The CT-Number of samples at each voltage was obtained respectively 35.28 HU, 38.98 HU, and 50.45 HU. The electron density results at each voltage were obtained: 1.035, 1.039, and 1.050, respectively. The EDG results obtained were 3.25 x 1023 electrons/gram. The EDV results obtained were 3.33 x 1023 electrons/cm3. The effective atomic number results were 3.98. These parameters are by the parameters of the kidney organ so that the EPC material has the potential to become a phantom material for the kidney organ. The practical dose value obtained for each voltage is 2.47 mSv, 3.12 mSv, and 3.12 mSv, which is still below the abdominal CT-Scan value of 5-7 mSv. The results of exposure to kidney cancer nodules showed that for nodule visibility for each voltage variation, nodules measuring 4 mm, 6 mm, 8 mm, and 10 mm were visible, while nodules measuring 2 mm were not visible.- Book : 2945(1)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.012027-012027
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2025
ABSTRACTBackgroundDuring the last decades, gamma spectrometry data have increasingly been used in soil science, for example, for mapping. However, the full data potential could not be exploited due to certain constraints, among which the insufficient representation of attenuating materials (in particular, water) in correction algorithms is the most important one. Due to this problem, most often only the potassium/thorium intensity ratio is used in soil science.AimHowever, the ultimate goal must be to derive from field gamma spectrometry the real content of the chemical elements that can be sensed (i.e., normally , , , and ). The first enabling step is to deterministically model the gamma radiation at the soil surface in order to subsequently allow for water content correction by reverse modelling.MethodsWe present here a realisation of a mathematical model that is based on the ‘King‐equation’, but additionally introduces the soil science concept of horizons, that is, a finite number of strata of various vertical thicknesses, with homogeneous properties within each horizon. This approach allows the use of radial symmetry as concept for the three‐dimensional integration of the gamma signal. Input data for the model are horizon vertical thickness, total content of radiating and attenuating materials, and bulk density. Additionally, used parameters concern the decay chains of the radioactive elements.ResultsModel tests with real soil produced count rates in the expected order of magnitude. Due to the instrumental setup of the field spectrometer, it was necessary to replace full spectrum analysis by the concept of regions of relevance (ROR) in order to be able to compare the counts predicted by our model and the counts registered by the spectrometer. The ROR concept is based on the computation of the relevant elements' decay steps and includes Compton scattering.ConclusionUsing this approach, a deviation between modelled and measured gamma radiation is reasonable for and . The reasons for still larger deviations with respect to the ‐signal are discussed.- Book : ()
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2025
BackgroundN6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification is crucial for tumor development and progression; however, which m6A regulators play a pivotal role in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains ambiguous.MethodsUtilizing the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, the expression levels of m6A regulators in HNSCC were examined, which led to the identification of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C (HNRNPC) as a key gene. Further experiments were performed in patient samples, stable cell lines, and a murine xenograft tumor model.ResultsA reliable survival risk model of m6A was constructed based on the TCGA database. Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), normal and tumor tissue microarrays (TMA), and tumor tissue samples from patients with HNSCC were observed that a high level of HNRNPC expression was closely linked to a poor prognosis among patients. Knockdown of HNRNPC in the HNSCC cell lines HSC-3 and CAL-27 resulted in a significant decrease in proliferation, invasion, and malignant transformation abilities. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and methylated RNA immunoprecipitation and sequencing (MeRIP-seq) data revealed that HNRNPC is involved in cell differentiation, cell migration and apoptosis. The mouse xenograft model elucidated that HNRNPC can promote tumorigenesis and progression of HNSCC.ConclusionsHNRNPC can serve as a valuable predictor of tumor progression and prognosis in patients with HNSCC.- Book : ()
- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
The reduced-activation high-entropy alloys (RAHEAs) have promising applications in advanced nuclear systems due to their low activation, excellent mechanical properties and radiation resistance. However, compared to the conventional high-entropy alloys (HEAs), the relatively small datasets of RAHEAs pose challenges for alloy design by using conventional machine learning (ML) methods. In this work, we proposed a framework by incorporating symbolic regression (SR) and domain adaptation to improve the accuracy of property prediction based on the small datasets of RAHEAs. The conventional HEA datasets and RAHEA datasets were classified as source and target domains, respectively. SR was used to generate features from element-based features in the source domains. The domain-invariant features related to hardness were captured and used to construct the ML model, which significantly improved the prediction accuracy for both HEAs and RAHEAs. The normalized root mean square error decreases by 24% for HEAs and 30% for RAHEAs compared to that of the models trained with element-based features. The proposed framework can achieve accurate and robust prediction on small datasets with interpretable domain-invariant features. This research paves the way for efficient material design under small dataset scenarios.- Book : 5(1)
- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
White light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are a new generation of light sources that are used in solid-state lighting and information display devices. They generate less thermal radiation than incandescent and fluorescent lamps. Phosphor light-emiting diodes (PC-LEDs), which are based on this technology, have high luminous efficiency and energy efficiency; they are compact and havу a long service life. LED materials are subject to such requirements asenvironmental friendliness, transparency of the radiation source used in the excitation process, and color rendering efficiency. For use in LEDs, it is necessary to investigate optical properties of inorganic materials that are doped not only with rare earth elements (due to their high cost) but also with transition metal ions such as Mn2+. This review summarizes and analyses information on the synthesis, structure, and photoluminescent properties of borates MMeBO3, where M = Li, Na, K; Me = Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn doped with Mn2+ and Bi3+ and co-doped with rare earth metals (Ce3+, Eu3+). Impurity ions of activators, when introduced into a compound's lattice, become the main luminescent centers of phosphors. Processes of energy transfer from the sensitizer to the activator and their mechanisms are discussed. The dependence on the size and morphology of particles of the materials' luminescence efficiency is discussed. The possibility of using borates as matrices for phosphors emitting red light is shown, along with their tunable luminescence for use in white LEDs and autoemission displays.- Book : 12(2)
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2025
ABSTRACT
Cellular adaptations to change often involve post-translational modifications of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. An example found in protists and plants is the modification of serine and threonine residues of dozens to hundreds of nucleocytoplasmic proteins with a single fucose (O-fucose). A nucleocytoplasmic O-fucosyltransferase occurs in the pathogen
Toxoplasma gondii
, the social amoeba
Dictyostelium
, and higher plants, where it is called Spy because mutants have a spindly appearance. O-fucosylation, which is required for optimal proliferation of
Toxoplasma
and
Dictyostelium
, is paralogous to the O-GlcNAcylation of nucleocytoplasmic proteins of plants and animals that are involved in stress and nutritional responses. O-fucose was first discovered in
Toxoplasma
using
Aleuria aurantia
lectin, but its broad specificity for terminal fucose residues on N- and O-linked glycans in the secretory pathway limits its use. Here we present affinity-purified rabbit antisera that are selective for the detection and enrichment of proteins bearing fucose-O-Ser or fucose-O-Thr. These antibodies detect numerous nucleocytoplasmic proteins in
Toxoplasma, Dictyostelium
, and
Arabidopsis
, as well as O-fucose occurring on secretory proteins of
Dictyostelium
and mammalian cells except when blocked by further glycosylation. The antibodies label
Toxoplasma
,
Acanthamoeba
, and
Dictyostelium
in a pattern reminiscent of O-GlcNAc in animal cells including nuclear pores. The O-fucome of
Dictyostelium
is partially conserved with that of
Toxoplasma
and is highly induced during starvation-induced development. These antisera demonstrate the unique antigenicity of O-fucose, document the conservation of the O-fucome among unrelated protists, and enable the study of the O-fucomes of other organisms possessing O-fucosyltransferase-like genes.
IMPORTANCE
O-fucose (O-Fuc), a form of mono-glycosylation on serine and threonine residues of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins of some parasites, other unicellular eukaryotes, and plants, is understudied because it is difficult to detect owing to its neutral charge and lability during mass spectrometry. Yet, the O-fucosyltransferase enzyme (OFT) is required for optimal growth of the agent for toxoplasmosis,
Toxoplasma gondii
, and an unrelated protist, the social amoeba
Dictyostelium discoideum
. Furthermore, O-fucosylation is closely related to the analogous process of O-GlcNAcylation of thousands of proteins of animal cells, where it plays a central role in stress and nutritional responses. O-Fuc is currently best detected using
Aleuria aurantia
lectin (AAL), but in most organisms, AAL also recognizes a multitude of proteins in the secretory pathway that are modified with fucose in different ways. By establishing the potential to induce highly specific rabbit antisera that discriminate O-Fuc from all other forms of protein fucosylation, this study expands knowledge about the protist O-fucome and opens a gateway to explore the potential occurrence and roles of this intriguing posttranslational modification in bacteria and other protist pathogens such as
Acanthamoeba castellanii
.
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- Pub. Date : 2025
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