All 3,276,413 Page 13/327,642
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2025
Background: The registry-based collection of detailed cancer and late effect (LE) data in childhood and adolescent cancer (CAC) is rarely explored. Aim: We aimed to provide an overview of CAC registration practices in Europe and share a Slovenian example. Methods: We distributed a questionnaire among European cancer registries on disease, treatment and LE registration and present the system at the Slovenian Cancer Registry along with an example of retrospectively collected LE data from a cohort of central nervous system tumour survivors from 1983 to 2000. Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression were used to calculate the LE incidence. Results: Out of 27 responding registries, over 80% registered cancer type, vital status, death and second primary cancer data. Less than 20% registered cumulative doses of radiation and systemic therapy or progressions. Only three registered LEs. The obstacles in setting up LE collection in registries are a lack of standardization in the variable sets, definitions and methods of collection. In the retrospective cohort, neurological and endocrine LEs were most common. Females had a higher risk of endocrine LEs (HR of 1.89; 95% CI of 1.08–3.31), while patients treated with radiotherapy had higher risks of endocrine (3.47; 1.80–6.69), musculoskeletal and skin LEs (3.16; 1.60–6.26) and second primary cancers (2.85; 1.18–6.75). Conclusions: Standardization and harmonization are necessary to promote detailed CAC and LE registration.- Book : 17(4)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.580-580
- Keyword :
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2025
Abstract
A study of EPC-type 3D printer materials has been carried out, which has the potential to become a kidney organ phantom. The parameters studied include material density, CT-Number, electron density, effective atomic number, and radiation dose, as well as to determine the visibility of kidney cancer nodules on variations in CT-Scan exposure voltage. The phantom sample was printed using a 3D printer in the shape of a kidney organ. The CT-Scan exposure voltage is set at 80 kV, 100 kV, and 120 kV. The nodule diameters were 2 mm, 4 mm, 6 mm, 8 mm, and 10 mm. The research showed that the material’s density was 1.05 grams/cm3. The CT-Number of samples at each voltage was obtained respectively 35.28 HU, 38.98 HU, and 50.45 HU. The electron density results at each voltage were obtained: 1.035, 1.039, and 1.050, respectively. The EDG results obtained were 3.25 x 1023 electrons/gram. The EDV results obtained were 3.33 x 1023 electrons/cm3. The effective atomic number results were 3.98. These parameters are by the parameters of the kidney organ so that the EPC material has the potential to become a phantom material for the kidney organ. The practical dose value obtained for each voltage is 2.47 mSv, 3.12 mSv, and 3.12 mSv, which is still below the abdominal CT-Scan value of 5-7 mSv. The results of exposure to kidney cancer nodules showed that for nodule visibility for each voltage variation, nodules measuring 4 mm, 6 mm, 8 mm, and 10 mm were visible, while nodules measuring 2 mm were not visible.- Book : 2945(1)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.012027-012027
- Keyword :
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2025
ABSTRACTBackgroundDuring the last decades, gamma spectrometry data have increasingly been used in soil science, for example, for mapping. However, the full data potential could not be exploited due to certain constraints, among which the insufficient representation of attenuating materials (in particular, water) in correction algorithms is the most important one. Due to this problem, most often only the potassium/thorium intensity ratio is used in soil science.AimHowever, the ultimate goal must be to derive from field gamma spectrometry the real content of the chemical elements that can be sensed (i.e., normally , , , and ). The first enabling step is to deterministically model the gamma radiation at the soil surface in order to subsequently allow for water content correction by reverse modelling.MethodsWe present here a realisation of a mathematical model that is based on the ‘King‐equation’, but additionally introduces the soil science concept of horizons, that is, a finite number of strata of various vertical thicknesses, with homogeneous properties within each horizon. This approach allows the use of radial symmetry as concept for the three‐dimensional integration of the gamma signal. Input data for the model are horizon vertical thickness, total content of radiating and attenuating materials, and bulk density. Additionally, used parameters concern the decay chains of the radioactive elements.ResultsModel tests with real soil produced count rates in the expected order of magnitude. Due to the instrumental setup of the field spectrometer, it was necessary to replace full spectrum analysis by the concept of regions of relevance (ROR) in order to be able to compare the counts predicted by our model and the counts registered by the spectrometer. The ROR concept is based on the computation of the relevant elements' decay steps and includes Compton scattering.ConclusionUsing this approach, a deviation between modelled and measured gamma radiation is reasonable for and . The reasons for still larger deviations with respect to the ‐signal are discussed.- Book : ()
- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
BackgroundN6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification is crucial for tumor development and progression; however, which m6A regulators play a pivotal role in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains ambiguous.MethodsUtilizing the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, the expression levels of m6A regulators in HNSCC were examined, which led to the identification of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C (HNRNPC) as a key gene. Further experiments were performed in patient samples, stable cell lines, and a murine xenograft tumor model.ResultsA reliable survival risk model of m6A was constructed based on the TCGA database. Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), normal and tumor tissue microarrays (TMA), and tumor tissue samples from patients with HNSCC were observed that a high level of HNRNPC expression was closely linked to a poor prognosis among patients. Knockdown of HNRNPC in the HNSCC cell lines HSC-3 and CAL-27 resulted in a significant decrease in proliferation, invasion, and malignant transformation abilities. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and methylated RNA immunoprecipitation and sequencing (MeRIP-seq) data revealed that HNRNPC is involved in cell differentiation, cell migration and apoptosis. The mouse xenograft model elucidated that HNRNPC can promote tumorigenesis and progression of HNSCC.ConclusionsHNRNPC can serve as a valuable predictor of tumor progression and prognosis in patients with HNSCC.- Book : ()
- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
The reduced-activation high-entropy alloys (RAHEAs) have promising applications in advanced nuclear systems due to their low activation, excellent mechanical properties and radiation resistance. However, compared to the conventional high-entropy alloys (HEAs), the relatively small datasets of RAHEAs pose challenges for alloy design by using conventional machine learning (ML) methods. In this work, we proposed a framework by incorporating symbolic regression (SR) and domain adaptation to improve the accuracy of property prediction based on the small datasets of RAHEAs. The conventional HEA datasets and RAHEA datasets were classified as source and target domains, respectively. SR was used to generate features from element-based features in the source domains. The domain-invariant features related to hardness were captured and used to construct the ML model, which significantly improved the prediction accuracy for both HEAs and RAHEAs. The normalized root mean square error decreases by 24% for HEAs and 30% for RAHEAs compared to that of the models trained with element-based features. The proposed framework can achieve accurate and robust prediction on small datasets with interpretable domain-invariant features. This research paves the way for efficient material design under small dataset scenarios.- Book : 5(1)
- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
White light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are a new generation of light sources that are used in solid-state lighting and information display devices. They generate less thermal radiation than incandescent and fluorescent lamps. Phosphor light-emiting diodes (PC-LEDs), which are based on this technology, have high luminous efficiency and energy efficiency; they are compact and havу a long service life. LED materials are subject to such requirements asenvironmental friendliness, transparency of the radiation source used in the excitation process, and color rendering efficiency. For use in LEDs, it is necessary to investigate optical properties of inorganic materials that are doped not only with rare earth elements (due to their high cost) but also with transition metal ions such as Mn2+. This review summarizes and analyses information on the synthesis, structure, and photoluminescent properties of borates MMeBO3, where M = Li, Na, K; Me = Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn doped with Mn2+ and Bi3+ and co-doped with rare earth metals (Ce3+, Eu3+). Impurity ions of activators, when introduced into a compound's lattice, become the main luminescent centers of phosphors. Processes of energy transfer from the sensitizer to the activator and their mechanisms are discussed. The dependence on the size and morphology of particles of the materials' luminescence efficiency is discussed. The possibility of using borates as matrices for phosphors emitting red light is shown, along with their tunable luminescence for use in white LEDs and autoemission displays.- Book : 12(2)
- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
ABSTRACT
Cellular adaptations to change often involve post-translational modifications of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. An example found in protists and plants is the modification of serine and threonine residues of dozens to hundreds of nucleocytoplasmic proteins with a single fucose (O-fucose). A nucleocytoplasmic O-fucosyltransferase occurs in the pathogen
Toxoplasma gondii
, the social amoeba
Dictyostelium
, and higher plants, where it is called Spy because mutants have a spindly appearance. O-fucosylation, which is required for optimal proliferation of
Toxoplasma
and
Dictyostelium
, is paralogous to the O-GlcNAcylation of nucleocytoplasmic proteins of plants and animals that are involved in stress and nutritional responses. O-fucose was first discovered in
Toxoplasma
using
Aleuria aurantia
lectin, but its broad specificity for terminal fucose residues on N- and O-linked glycans in the secretory pathway limits its use. Here we present affinity-purified rabbit antisera that are selective for the detection and enrichment of proteins bearing fucose-O-Ser or fucose-O-Thr. These antibodies detect numerous nucleocytoplasmic proteins in
Toxoplasma, Dictyostelium
, and
Arabidopsis
, as well as O-fucose occurring on secretory proteins of
Dictyostelium
and mammalian cells except when blocked by further glycosylation. The antibodies label
Toxoplasma
,
Acanthamoeba
, and
Dictyostelium
in a pattern reminiscent of O-GlcNAc in animal cells including nuclear pores. The O-fucome of
Dictyostelium
is partially conserved with that of
Toxoplasma
and is highly induced during starvation-induced development. These antisera demonstrate the unique antigenicity of O-fucose, document the conservation of the O-fucome among unrelated protists, and enable the study of the O-fucomes of other organisms possessing O-fucosyltransferase-like genes.
IMPORTANCE
O-fucose (O-Fuc), a form of mono-glycosylation on serine and threonine residues of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins of some parasites, other unicellular eukaryotes, and plants, is understudied because it is difficult to detect owing to its neutral charge and lability during mass spectrometry. Yet, the O-fucosyltransferase enzyme (OFT) is required for optimal growth of the agent for toxoplasmosis,
Toxoplasma gondii
, and an unrelated protist, the social amoeba
Dictyostelium discoideum
. Furthermore, O-fucosylation is closely related to the analogous process of O-GlcNAcylation of thousands of proteins of animal cells, where it plays a central role in stress and nutritional responses. O-Fuc is currently best detected using
Aleuria aurantia
lectin (AAL), but in most organisms, AAL also recognizes a multitude of proteins in the secretory pathway that are modified with fucose in different ways. By establishing the potential to induce highly specific rabbit antisera that discriminate O-Fuc from all other forms of protein fucosylation, this study expands knowledge about the protist O-fucome and opens a gateway to explore the potential occurrence and roles of this intriguing posttranslational modification in bacteria and other protist pathogens such as
Acanthamoeba castellanii
.
- Book : ()
- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
- Book : ()
- Pub. Date : 2025
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2025
Red sandstone is widely distributed in southern China. Due to the significant difference in mechanical properties before and after hydration and its poor water stability, red sandstone often triggers landslide accidents. In this paper, red sandstone from an open pit slope in Jiangxi Province was taken as the research object. Two variables, namely the initial saturation degree (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) and the number of wetting–drying cycles (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40), were set. With the help of nuclear magnetic resonance, the Brazilian disc test, and fractal theory, the relationships among its meso-structure, macroscopic fracture mechanics characteristics, and deterioration mechanism were analyzed. The research results are as follows: (1) Wetting–drying cycles have a significant impact on the pore structure and fracture mechanics characteristics of red sandstone. Moreover, the higher the initial saturation degree, the more obvious the deterioration effect of the wetting–drying cycles on the rock mass. (2) After further subdividing the pores according to their size for research, it was found that sandstone is mainly composed of mesopores, and the deterioration laws of different types of pores after the wetting–drying cycles are different. The porosities of total pores and macropores increase, while the proportions of mesopores and micropores decrease. The fractal dimensions of macropores and total pores of each group of rock samples are all within the range of 2–3, and the fractal dimension value increases with the increase in the number of wetting–drying cycles, showing significant and regular fractal characteristics. Micropores and some mesopores do not possess fractal characteristics. The fractal dimension of rock samples basically satisfies the rule that the larger the pore diameter, the larger the fractal dimension and the more complex the pore structure. (3) Both the type I and type II fracture toughness of rock samples decrease with the increase in the number of cycles, and the decrease is the most significant when the initial saturation degree is 100%. After 40 cycles, the decreases in type I and type II fracture toughness reach 23.578% and 30.642%, respectively. The fracture toughness is closely related to the pore structure. The porosity and fractal dimension of rock samples and their internal macropores are linearly negatively correlated with the type II fracture toughness. The development of the macropore structure is the key factor affecting its fracture mechanics performance. (4) After the wetting–drying cycles, the internal pores of red sandstone continue to develop. The number of pores increases, the pore diameter enlarges, and the proportion of macropores rises, resulting in internal damage to the rock mass. When bearing loads, the expansion and connection of internal cracks intensify, ultimately leading to the failure of the rock mass. The research results can provide important reference for the stability analysis of sandstone slope engineering.- Book : 15(2)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.158-158
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2025
This paper presents a study of brane formation in six-dimensional space. There is no a priori assumption of the existence of brane(s). However, an analysis of the generalized Einstein equations shows that there is a set of metrics describing two static branes even in the absence of matter fields. At the same time, no one-brane configurations were found. The trapping of massive particles on branes is a consequence of the metric structure, which prevents these particles from moving between branes. It is shown that communication between charged particles on different branes is provided by photons. Such positron–electron annihilation could be studied experimentally at the LHC collider. The Higgs field is distributed between the branes in such a way that it can serve as a Higgs portal connecting two worlds located on different branes. The values of the 4D physical parameters depend on the extra metric structure near the branes. We also found a non-trivial effect of the decompactification of extra space during the Hubble parameter variation.- Book : 17(2)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.252-252
- Keyword :
