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2025
Abstract
Mitochondria are organelles with double-membrane structure of inner and outer membrane, which provides main energy support for cell growth and metabolism. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) mainly comes from mitochondrial and can cause irreversible damage to cells under oxidative stress. Thus, mitochondrial homeostasis is the basis for maintaining the normal physiological function of cells and mitophagy plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis. At present, to enhance the sensitivity of cancer cells to radiotherapy and chemotherapy by regulating mitochondria has increasingly become a hot spot of cancer therapy. It is particularly important to study the effect of ionizing radiation (IR) on mitochondria and the role of mitophagy in the radiosensitivity of cancer cells. Most of the existing reviews have focused on mitophagy-related molecules or pathways and the impact of mitophagy on diseases. In this review, we mainly focus on discussing the relationship between mitophagy and radiosensitivity of cancer cells around mitochondria and IR.
- Book : 150(1)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.14
- Keyword :
2025
Purpose
Among all primary breast tumors, malignant phyllodes tumor of the breast (MPTB) make up less than 1%. In the treatment of phyllode tumors, surgical procedures such as mastectomy and breast-conserving surgery are the mainstay. MPTB has, however, been controversial when it comes to treating it with RT. We aimed to explore the prognostic impact of RT and other clinicopathologic factors on long-term survival for patients with stage T3 or T4 malignant phyllodes tumors.
Methods
We select patients with stage T3 or T4 MPTB who qualified for the criteria between 2000 and 2018 via the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. We performed 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) and Kaplan–Meier analysis to explore the role of RT in long-term survival of patients with stage T3 or T4 MPTB. A univariate and multivariate analysis of breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) and overall survival (OS) risk factors was carried out using a Cox proportional hazards model. In addition, the nomogram graph of OS and BCSS was constructed.
Results
A total of 583 patients with stage T3 or T4 malignant phyllodes tumors were included in this study, of whom 154 (26.4%) received RT, and 429 (73.6%) were treated without RT. Before adjustment, between groups with and without RT, BCSS (p = 0.1) and OS (p = 0.212) indicated no significant difference respectively. Using of PSM, the two groups still did not differ significantly in BCSS (p = 0.552) and OS (p = 0.172). In multivariate analysis, age (p < 0.001), surgery of primary site (p < 0.001) and distant metastatic status (p < 0.001) were related to prognosis, while RT still did not affect BCSS (p = 0.877) and OS (p = 0.554).
Conclusion
Based on the SEER database analysis, the study suggests that the patients with stage T3 or T4 MPTB treated with RT after surgery didn't have significant differences in BCSS or OS compared to those not treated with RT.
- Book : 150(1)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.2
- Keyword :
2025
- Book : 151()
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.469-483
- Keyword :
2025
- Book : 150()
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.632-644
- Keyword :
2025
Abstract
Purpose
Concurrent chemoradiation has been the mainstay of treatment for cervix cancer. We aimed to evaluate the non-inferiority of hypofractionated chemoradiation.
Methods
This study was designed as a phase 2, 1:1 randomized, investigator-blinded, controlled, non-inferiority trial and we report the interim results after 50% accrual. Cervical cancer patients with FIGO stages IIA-IIIC were recruited from April 2021 to September 2022. The intervention consisted of 40 Gy of 3D-conformal radiation therapy (RT) in 15 fractions over 3 weeks. In the control group, patients received standard chemoradiation of 45 Gy in 25 fractions over 5 weeks. Both groups received concurrent weekly cisplatin (40 mg/m²). Intravaginal brachytherapy of 28 Gy in 4 weekly fractions was delivered starting 1 week after the end of chemoradiation. The primary outcome was complete clinical response(CCR) at 3 months. Secondary outcomes included acute gastrointestinal (GI), genitourinary(GU), skin, and hematologic toxicities. A p value less than 0.05 was considered significant for analyses.
Results
59 patients were randomized; 30 in the control group and 29 in the intervention group. 20/30 (66.7%) of the patients in the control group and 19/29 (65.5%) in the intervention group achieved a CCR (absolute difference of 0.011, 95% CI − 0.23 to 0.25, p value: 0.13). There was a significantly higher rate of acute grade ≥ 3 GI toxicity in the intervention group (27.6%) compared with the control group (6.7%) (p value 0.032).
Conclusions
Despite an absolute difference of 1.1% in the 3-month CCR, our interim analysis failed to show the non-inferiority of the hypofractionated chemoradiation. Due to the higher GI toxicities, we will continue this trial using intensity-modulated radiation therapy.
Registration number and date
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04831437, 2021.4.1.
- Book : 150(1)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.20
- Keyword :
2025
Abstract
The oscillating water column (OWC) is an economical and feasible type of wave energy converter with minimal maintenance costs which have been widely investigated. In this study, the effect of lipwalls for a shore-front OWC is investigated using dual boundary equation method (DBEM) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approaches. The boundary value problem is solved using the DBEM method within the framework of linear water wave theory. Whilst in the CFD approach, the volume-of-fluid (VOF) approach is used for simulating the numerical wave tank, with appropriate boundary conditions and regular wave inlet. The DBEM approach is beneficial to understand the complex phenomena inside the chamber, viz., radiation conductance and susceptance. It is inferred that case-B (vertical + shoreward-slant lipwall) is found to exhibit better performance for a wider range of non-dimensional wave frequencies due to its wave trapping configuration where the position of the lower lipwall is orthogonal. The CFD studies provide interesting insights into the optimal damping ratio concerning wave amplification factor at higher relative water depths, power output, and correlation of phase difference. Besides, the study reveals that the pressure and wave elevation inside the chamber are associated with the inhalation and exhalation process of air is attributed to the lower half of the lipwall.
- Book : 147(1)
- Pub. Date : 2025
- Page : pp.011201
- Keyword :
2024
Naringenin is a flavonoid with several biological activities already reported but with few biological applications in the pharmaceutical field. In this work, a new flavanone, called carboxymidamide (DCHA), synthesized through the condensation reaction between naringenin and aminoguanidine is structurally confirmed through spectroscopic analysis of nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared. DCHA was not toxic to human fibroblasts and inhibited macrophage activation in vitro. In vivo, it suppressed leukocyte migration in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced peritonitis and reduced zymosan-induced paw edema. Molecular docking simulations of DCHA in the active site of the enzymes inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2 and phosphodiesterase type 4 indicate that the anti-inflammatory activity of this new flavanone can be explained by the inhibition of these target enzymes. This is the first work to present the synthesis of a flavonoid derivative with aminoguanidine that showed a high anti-inflammatory potential.
- Book : ()
- Pub. Date : 2024
- Page :
- Keyword :
2024
Abstract Background UV radiation (UV) exposure risks skin damage and cancer due to DNA damage and oxidative stress. Synthetic chemical sunscreens that protect against UV radiation can have health and environmental concerns. This study explores phycocyanin (PC), a marine algae-derived natural photoprotective compound, and its crosslinked nanoparticles (PCNP) as safe and effective adjuvants for sunscreen systems. Methods PCNP was synthesized via genipin-crosslinking. PC and PCNP biocompatibility were assessed on mouse embryonic fibroblast cells. ABTS evaluated antioxidant activity, and the UV absorption capacity of PC and PCNP were analyzed. PCNP skin permeability was tested in vitro and in vivo. Gel formulations with PCNP were examined for UV absorption effects. Results PCNP showed good biocompatibility, maintaining cell viability above 90% across concentrations. Both PC and PCNP demonstrated concentration-dependent antioxidant activity, efficiently scavenging free radicals. PCNP exhibited enhanced UV absorption in the UVB range compared to PC alone. Skin permeation studies displayed limited PCNP penetration through skin layers. In vivo, absorption assessments indicated PCNP localized mainly in the stratum corneum. PCNP-containing gels displayed improved UV absorption compared to gels without PCNP. Conclusion This study showcases PCNP’s potential as a natural and safe adjuvant for sunscreen with enhanced UV protection capabilities. PCNP preserved antioxidant activity, displayed limited skin penetration, and enhanced UV absorption. The findings suggest PCNP’s promise as a viable alternative to synthetic sunscreen agents, delivering effective photoprotection while minimizing health and environmental concerns.
- Book : 6(1)
- Pub. Date : 2024
- Page :
- Keyword :
2024
Background: Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is a major cause of death and disability worldwide and its prevalence is expected to continue to increase in the coming years. Myocardial infarction is the largest and most dangerous manifestation of CHD, including in ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI). However, early therapy of STEMI cannot prevent the risk of myocardium reinfarction. Reinfarction post-STEMI reperfusion therapy has poor consequences and prognosis. Therefore, prevention of myocardial reinfarction is important. Objectives: The author has an innovation to use Lumbrokinase from Lumbricus rubellus extract in an oral dosage form as an alternative therapy to prevent reinfarction after reperfusion therapy in STEMI. Methods: Our article reviews the effect of lumbrokinase in preventing myocardial reinfarction using a non-systematic review method. Results and Discussion: Lumbrokinase can prevent myocardial reinfarction by several mechanisms, including its thrombolytic effect by activating plasminogen and degrading fibrin, its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, and can prevent further myocardial apoptosis. Lumbrokinase can prevent apoptosis by increasing the activity of Silent Information Regulator 1 (Sirt1) and decreasing the pro-caspase-3 pathway. Lumbrokinase can prevent further inflammation by reducing levels of Nuclear Factor kappa-B (NF-kB) and the Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway, as well as preventing oxidative damage by deacetylating Forkhead Box-O (FoxO). The effect of Lumbrokinase plays an important role in preventing myocardial reinfarction. Oral lumbrokinase is made in capsule form. Conclusion: Oral lumbrokinase can potentially prevent myocardial reinfarction post-reperfusion in STEMI patients. Keyword: Lumbricus rubellus, Lumbrokinase, Myocardial reinfarction, Post-reperfusion STEMI Latar Belakang: Penyakit Jantung Koroner (PJK) merupakan penyebab utama kematian dan kecacatan di seluruh dunia dan prevalensinya diperkirakan akan terus meningkat di tahun mendatang. Tingginya angka mortalitas PJK, maka PJK menjadi penyakit yang patut diwaspadai, terutama untuk negara-negara berkembang. Infark miokardium adalah manifestasi terbesar dan paling berbahaya dari PJK, termasuk STEMI. Namun, terapi awal dari STEMI tidak dapat mencegah resiko reinfark. Reinfark yang terjadi setelah terapi reperfusi memiliki konsekuensi dan prognosis yang buruk. Oleh karena itu, pencegahan reinfark miokardium setelah terapi STEMI menjadi penting. Tujuan: Penulis memiliki inovasi untuk menggunakan Lumbrokinase dari ekstrak Lumbricus rubellus dalam bentuk sediaan oral sebagai upaya terapi alternatif pencegahan reinfark setelah terapi reperfusi pada STEMI. Metode: Tinjauan pustaka ini bertujuan untuk meninjau efek dari lumbrokinase dalam mencegah reinfark miokardium setelah terapi STEMI dengan menggunakan metode non-systematic review. Pembahasan: Lumbrokinase dapat mencegah reinfark miokardium dengan beberapa mekanisme, termasuk efek trombolitiknya dengan mengaktivasi plasminogen dan mendegradasi fibrin, efek anti inflamasi dan anti oksidannya, serta dapat mencegah apoptosis miokardium lanjutan. Lumbrokinase dapat mencegah terjadinya apoptosis dengan meningkatkan aktivitas silent information regulator 1 (Sirt1) dan menurunkan jalur pro-caspase-3. Lumbrokinase juga dapat mencegah inflamasi lanjutan dengan menurunkan level nuclear factor kappa B (NF-Kb) dan jalur toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), serta mencegah kerusakan oksidatif dengan deasetilasi Forkhead Box O (FoxO). Efek dari Lumbokinase tersebut berperan penting dalam pencegahan reinfark miokardium setelah terapi STEMI. Penggunaan lumbrokinase secara oral dibuat dalam bentuk kapsul. Kesimpulan: Lumbrokinase oral memiliki potensi dalam mencegah reinfark miokardium setelah terapi reperfusi pada STEMI. Kata Kunci: Lumbricus rubellus, Lumbrokinase, Reinfark miokardium, STEMI pasca reperfusi
- Book : 5(2)
- Pub. Date : 2024
- Page : pp.121-131
- Keyword :
2024
Abstract: This research paper endeavors to comprehensively examine the nuanced trajectory of India's nuclear policy, unfolding from the watershed moment of the Pokhran nuclear tests in 1974 to its subsequent evolution in the context of energy security and strategic considerations. The paper meticulously navigates through historical milestones, policy shifts, and geopolitical dynamics that have shaped India's nuclear stance over the decades. The Pokhran tests, marked by the codename 'Smiling Buddha,' represented a seminal point in India's pursuit of nuclear capabilities, altering its strategic calculus and ushering in an era of cautious self-reliance.
- Book : 12(3)
- Pub. Date : 2024
- Page : pp.389-395
- Keyword :

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